Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
History of English Humour — Vol. 1
History of English Humour — Vol. 1

Chapter XIV · Chapter 14

Chapter 14 of History of English Humour — Vol. 1 is here in full — 290 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for History of English Humour — Vol. 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/58 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Vanbrugh--Colley Cibber--Farquhar.
Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.
He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.
The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.
In this he was successful--he built Blenheim, Castle Howard, and half-a-dozen of the stately halls of England.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

History of English Humour — Vol. 1

Chapter XIV · Chapter 14

Chapter 14 of History of English Humour — Vol. 1 is here in full — 290 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/58 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Vanbrugh--Colley Cibber--Farquhar.
Line 2
Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.
Line 3
He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.
Line 4
The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.
Line 5
In this he was successful--he built Blenheim, Castle Howard, and half-a-dozen of the stately halls of England.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Blenheim noun US /ˈblenhaɪm/

the First Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy defeated the French in 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession

From this reading “In this he was successful--he built Blenheim, Castle Howard, and half-a-dozen of the stately halls of England.”

combining noun US /kəmˈbaɪnɪŋ/

an occurrence that results in things being united

From this reading “He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.”

extraction noun US /ekˈstrækʃən/

the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means

From this reading “Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.”

failures noun US /ˈfeɪljərz/

plural of “failure” — an act that fails

From this reading “The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.”

indirectly adverb US /ˌɪndərˈektliː/

not in a forthright manner

From this reading “Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.”

remunerative adjective US /riˈmjuːnərətɪv/

for which money is paid

From this reading “The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.”

site noun US /saɪt/

the piece of land on which something is located (or is to be located)

From this reading “He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.”

suggests verb US /səˈdʒests/

third-person singular of “suggest” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading “Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

altogetheradverbUS /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

architecturenounUS /ˈɑːrkətektʃər/

an architectural product or work

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

artsnounUS /ɑːrts/

studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills)

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.

attemptingverbUS /əˈtemptɪŋ/

-ing form of “attempt” — make an effort or attempt

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

BlenheimnounUS /ˈblenhaɪm/

the First Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy defeated the French in 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession

From this reading In this he was successful--he built Blenheim, Castle Howard, and half-a-dozen of the stately halls of England.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading In this he was successful--he built Blenheim, Castle Howard, and half-a-dozen of the stately halls of England.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

CastlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading In this he was successful--he built Blenheim, Castle Howard, and half-a-dozen of the stately halls of England.

Cibber

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Vanbrugh--Colley Cibber--Farquhar.

Colley

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Vanbrugh--Colley Cibber--Farquhar.

combiningnounUS /kəmˈbaɪnɪŋ/

an occurrence that results in things being united

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

conceivedverbUS /kənˈsiːvd/

past form of “conceive” — have the idea for

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

constructionnounUS /kənˈstrʌkʃən/

the act of constructing something

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

devotedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

zealous in devotion or affection

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

doomedadjectiveUS /duːmd/

marked for certain death

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

dramaticadjectiveUS /drəˈmætɪk/

suitable to or characteristic of drama

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

DutchadjectiveUS /dʌtʃ/

of or relating to the Netherlands or its people or culture

From this reading Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading In this he was successful--he built Blenheim, Castle Howard, and half-a-dozen of the stately halls of England.

enterprisenounUS /ˈentərpraɪz/

a purposeful or industrious undertaking (especially one that requires effort or boldness)

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

exertionnounUS /ɪɡˈzɜːrʃən/

use of physical or mental energy; hard work

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

extractionnounUS /ekˈstrækʃən/

the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means

From this reading Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.

failuresnounUS /ˈfeɪljərz/

plural of “failure” — an act that fails

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

Farquhar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Vanbrugh--Colley Cibber--Farquhar.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

fortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

grandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

half-a-dozen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In this he was successful--he built Blenheim, Castle Howard, and half-a-dozen of the stately halls of England.

hallsnounUS /hɔːlz/

plural of “hall” — an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading In this he was successful--he built Blenheim, Castle Howard, and half-a-dozen of the stately halls of England.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

Haymarket

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.

HousenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

HowardnounUS /ˈhaʊərd/

English actor of stage and screen (1893-1943)

From this reading In this he was successful--he built Blenheim, Castle Howard, and half-a-dozen of the stately halls of England.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

ill-starredadjective

marked by or promising bad fortune

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In this he was successful--he built Blenheim, Castle Howard, and half-a-dozen of the stately halls of England.

indirectlyadverbUS /ˌɪndərˈektliː/

not in a forthright manner

From this reading Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.

OperanounUS /ˈɑːprə/

a drama set to music; consists of singing with orchestral accompaniment and an orchestral overture and interludes

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

playwriter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

professionnounUS /prəˈfeʃən/

the body of people in a learned occupation

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

quitverbUS /kwɪt/

put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

remarkableadjectiveUS /rɪˈmɑːrkəbəl/

unusual or striking

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

remunerativeadjectiveUS /riˈmjuːnərətɪv/

for which money is paid

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

sitenounUS /saɪt/

the piece of land on which something is located (or is to be located)

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

spotnounUS /spɑːt/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

statelyadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪtli/

impressive in appearance

From this reading In this he was successful--he built Blenheim, Castle Howard, and half-a-dozen of the stately halls of England.

studiedadjectiveUS /ˈstʌdid/

produced or marked by conscious design or premeditation

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

successfuladjectiveUS /səkˈsesfəl/

having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome

From this reading In this he was successful--he built Blenheim, Castle Howard, and half-a-dozen of the stately halls of England.

suggestsverbUS /səˈdʒests/

third-person singular of “suggest” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.

supportnounUS /səˈpɔːrt/

the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.

theatrenounUS /ˈθiːətər/

a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In this he was successful--he built Blenheim, Castle Howard, and half-a-dozen of the stately halls of England.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading He became first known as a playwriter, but also having studied architecture conceived the idea of combining his two arts by the construction of a grand theatre on the site of the present Haymarket Opera House.

undertakingnounUS /ˈʌndərteɪkɪŋ/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

vainlyadverbUS /ˈveɪnli/

to no avail

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

Vanbrughnoun

English architect (1664-1726)

From this reading Vanbrugh--Colley Cibber--Farquhar.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The enterprise was doomed to be one of the many failures from which that ill-starred spot has become remarkable, and Vanbrugh after vainly attempting to support his undertaking by the exertion of all his dramatic power, determined to quit literature altogether, and devoted himself to the more remunerative profession.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Vanbrugh--a man of Dutch extraction as his name suggests--was one of the few whom literature led, though indirectly, to fortune.

Chapter 14 of History of English Humour — Vol. 1 by A. G. K. (Alfred Guy Kingan) L'Estrange holds 290 sentences, grouped into 58 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of History of English Humour — Vol. 1 contain?

Chapter 14 holds 290 sentences of History of English Humour — Vol. 1, unabridged, divided into 58 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of History of English Humour — Vol. 1 by A. G. K. (Alfred Guy Kingan) L'Estrange exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 290 sentences, grouped into 58 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of History of English Humour — Vol. 1?

Work through the 58 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 58 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 14 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 14 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading History of English Humour — Vol. 1

Common questions about reading History of English Humour — Vol. 1 by A. G. K. (Alfred Guy Kingan) L'Estrange on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of History of English Humour — Vol. 1?

Yes. All 3569 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18300 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of History of English Humour — Vol. 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18300, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does History of English Humour — Vol. 1 take to read?

About 297 minutes of reading across 714 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read History of English Humour — Vol. 1 section by section

How to work through History of English Humour — Vol. 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 15 chapters of History of English Humour — Vol. 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in History of English Humour — Vol. 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in History of English Humour — Vol. 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of English Humour — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
English
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of English Humour — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Humour
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of English Humour — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preliminary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of English Humour — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.