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History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne
History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne is here in full — 149 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"PIERS PLOWMAN."
GOWER.
Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".
This author is generally supposed to have been named William Langley or Langland.
By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne is here in full — 149 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"PIERS PLOWMAN."
/pɪrz ˈplaʊmən/
Line 2
GOWER.
Line 3
Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".
/kənˈtempəreri wɪð ˈtʃɔːsər ənd ɪn pərˈfekt ˈkɑːntræst wɪð ˈtʃɔːsər huːm hiː ˈprɑːbəbliː ˈnevər met wɑːz ðə ˈɔːθər ʌv ðə əˈlɪtərətɪv rʌm ræm rʌf ˈpoʊəm pɪrz ˈplaʊmən/
Line 4
This author is generally supposed to have been named William Langley or Langland.
Line 5
By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alliterative adjective US /əˈlɪtərətɪv/

having the same consonant at the beginning of each stressed syllable

From this reading “Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".”

Chaucer noun US /ˈtʃɔːsər/

English poet remembered as author of the Canterbury Tales (1340-1400)

From this reading “Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".”

Contemporary adjective US /kənˈtempəreri/

characteristic of the present

From this reading “Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".”

Langley noun US /ˈlæŋli/

unit of solar radiation

From this reading “This author is generally supposed to have been named William Langley or Langland.”

piecing verb US /ˈpiːsɪŋ/

-ing form of “piece” — to join or unite the pieces of

From this reading “By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.”

piers noun US /pɪrz/

plural of “pier” — a platform built out from the shore into the water and supported by piles; provides access to ships and boats

From this reading “"PIERS PLOWMAN."”

plowman noun US /ˈplaʊmən/

a man who plows

From this reading “"PIERS PLOWMAN."”

ruff noun US /rʌf/

an external body part consisting of feathers or hair about the neck of a bird or other animal

From this reading “Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

generally supposed adverb + adjective

In this reading “This author is generally supposed to have been named William Langley or Langland.”

well educated adverb + adjective

In this reading “By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.”

married man adjective + noun

a married man; a woman's partner in marriage

In this reading “By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.”

about the year preposition + article + noun counted as “about … year”

In this reading “By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1332

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

alliterativeadjectiveUS /əˈlɪtərətɪv/

having the same consonant at the beginning of each stressed syllable

From this reading Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading This author is generally supposed to have been named William Langley or Langland.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

ChaucernounUS /ˈtʃɔːsər/

English poet remembered as author of the Canterbury Tales (1340-1400)

From this reading Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".

Cleobury

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

conjecturenounUS /kənˈdʒektʃər/

a hypothesis that has been formed by speculating or conjecturing (usually with little hard evidence)

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

ContemporaryadjectiveUS /kənˈtempəreri/

characteristic of the present

From this reading Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".

contrastnounUS /ˈkɑːntræst/

the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared

From this reading Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".

detachedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtætʃt/

showing lack of emotional involvement

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

educatedadjectiveUS /ˈedʒəkeɪtɪd/

possessing an education (especially having more than average knowledge)

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

evidencenounUS /ˈevədəns/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading This author is generally supposed to have been named William Langley or Langland.

GOWER

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GOWER.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading This author is generally supposed to have been named William Langley or Langland.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This author is generally supposed to have been named William Langley or Langland.

Langland

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This author is generally supposed to have been named William Langley or Langland.

LangleynounUS /ˈlæŋli/

unit of solar radiation

From this reading This author is generally supposed to have been named William Langley or Langland.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

marriedadjectiveUS /ˈmerid/

joined in matrimony

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".

minoradjectiveUS /ˈmaɪnər/

of lesser importance or stature or rank

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading This author is generally supposed to have been named William Langley or Langland.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading This author is generally supposed to have been named William Langley or Langland.

ordersnounUS /ˈɔːrdərz/

plural of “order” — (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

Oxfordshire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

perfectadjectiveUS /pərˈfekt/

being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish

From this reading Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".

piecesnounUS /ˈpiːsəz/

plural of “piece” — a separate part of a whole

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

piecingverbUS /ˈpiːsɪŋ/

-ing form of “piece” — to join or unite the pieces of

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

PIERSnounUS /pɪrz/

plural of “pier” — a platform built out from the shore into the water and supported by piles; provides access to ships and boats

From this reading "PIERS PLOWMAN."

PLOWMANnounUS /ˈplaʊmən/

a man who plows

From this reading "PIERS PLOWMAN."

poemnounUS /ˈpoʊəm/

a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".

ramverbUS /ræm/

strike or drive against with a heavy impact

From this reading Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

ruffnounUS /rʌf/

an external body part consisting of feathers or hair about the neck of a bird or other animal

From this reading Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".

rumnounUS /rʌm/

liquor distilled from fermented molasses

From this reading Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

Shropshire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading This author is generally supposed to have been named William Langley or Langland.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This author is generally supposed to have been named William Langley or Langland.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This author is generally supposed to have been named William Langley or Langland.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This author is generally supposed to have been named William Langley or Langland.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Contemporary with Chaucer, and in perfect contrast with Chaucer, whom he probably never met, was the author of the alliterative "rum, ram, ruff," poem "Piers Plowman".

Wychwood

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading By piecing together many detached pieces of evidence the conjecture is reached that William first saw the light at Cleobury in Shropshire or at Wychwood in Oxfordshire, about the year 1332, was well educated, was in minor orders, and a married man.

Chapter 10 of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne by Andrew Lang holds 149 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne contain?

Chapter 10 holds 149 sentences of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne, unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne by Andrew Lang exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 149 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne

Common questions about reading History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne by Andrew Lang on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne?

Yes. All 8679 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56613 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #56613, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1736 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne section by section

How to work through History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne

Words and structures a reader meets early in History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Literature
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Every
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Modern
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Country
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.