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History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne
History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne is here in full — 658 sentences across 132 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/131 · 5 lines
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THE ELIZABETHAN STAGE AND PLAYWRIGHTS.
The rejoicing age of Elizabeth was fond of "variety entertainments".
The Court Masques, such as those of Lyly, and George Peele's "Arraignment of Paris," abounded in songs, music, and dancing, and were expensively furnished.
The Universities had their own amateur authors and performers.
The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne

Chapter XIX

Chapter 19 of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne is here in full — 658 sentences across 132 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/131 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE ELIZABETHAN STAGE AND PLAYWRIGHTS.
/ðə ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən steɪdʒ ənd ˈpleɪraɪts/
Line 2
The rejoicing age of Elizabeth was fond of "variety entertainments".
/ðə rɪˈdʒɔɪsɪŋ eɪdʒ ʌv ɪˈlɪzəbəθ wɑːz fɑːnd ʌv vərˈaɪəti ˌentərˈteɪnmənts/
Line 3
The Court Masques, such as those of Lyly, and George Peele's "Arraignment of Paris," abounded in songs, music, and dancing, and were expensively furnished.
Line 4
The Universities had their own amateur authors and performers.
/ðə ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsətiz hæd ðer oʊn ˈæmətɜːr ˈɔːθərz ənd pərˈfɔːrmərz/
Line 5
The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abounded verb US /əˈbaʊndɪd/

past form of “abound” — be abundant or plentiful; exist in large quantities

From this reading “The Court Masques, such as those of Lyly, and George Peele's "Arraignment of Paris," abounded in songs, music, and dancing, and were expensively furnished.”

Arraignment noun US /ərˈeɪnmənt/

a legal document calling someone to court to answer an indictment

From this reading “The Court Masques, such as those of Lyly, and George Peele's "Arraignment of Paris," abounded in songs, music, and dancing, and were expensively furnished.”

elizabethan noun US /ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən/

a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I

From this reading “THE ELIZABETHAN STAGE AND PLAYWRIGHTS.”

entertainments noun US /ˌentərˈteɪnmənts/

plural of “entertainment” — an activity that is diverting and that holds the attention

From this reading “The rejoicing age of Elizabeth was fond of "variety entertainments".”

expensively adverb US /ˌekˈspensɪvli/

in an expensive manner

From this reading “The Court Masques, such as those of Lyly, and George Peele's "Arraignment of Paris," abounded in songs, music, and dancing, and were expensively furnished.”

performers noun US /pərˈfɔːrmərz/

plural of “performer” — an entertainer who performs a dramatic or musical work for an audience

From this reading “The Universities had their own amateur authors and performers.”

playwrights noun US /ˈpleɪraɪts/

plural of “playwright” — someone who writes plays

From this reading “THE ELIZABETHAN STAGE AND PLAYWRIGHTS.”

Universities noun US /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsətiz/

plural of “university” — the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading “The Universities had their own amateur authors and performers.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

abounded in verb + particle counted as “abound in”

exist in large quantity

In this reading “The Court Masques, such as those of Lyly, and George Peele's "Arraignment of Paris," abounded in songs, music, and dancing, and were expensively furnished.”

on the top preposition + article + noun counted as “on … top”

In this reading “The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".”

cry out verb + adjective

utter aloud; often with surprise, horror, or joy

In this reading “The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".”

became serious verb + adjective counted as “become serious”

In this reading “The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

aboundedverbUS /əˈbaʊndɪd/

past form of “abound” — be abundant or plentiful; exist in large quantities

From this reading The Court Masques, such as those of Lyly, and George Peele's "Arraignment of Paris," abounded in songs, music, and dancing, and were expensively furnished.

actedverbUS /ˈæktɪd/

past form of “act” — perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

actorsnounUS /ˈæktərz/

plural of “actor” — a theatrical performer

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

aerynoun

the lofty nest of a bird of prey (such as a hawk or eagle)

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading The rejoicing age of Elizabeth was fond of "variety entertainments".

amateurnounUS /ˈæmətɜːr/

someone who pursues a study or sport as a pastime

From this reading The Universities had their own amateur authors and performers.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN STAGE AND PLAYWRIGHTS.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

ArraignmentnounUS /ərˈeɪnmənt/

a legal document calling someone to court to answer an indictment

From this reading The Court Masques, such as those of Lyly, and George Peele's "Arraignment of Paris," abounded in songs, music, and dancing, and were expensively furnished.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Court Masques, such as those of Lyly, and George Peele's "Arraignment of Paris," abounded in songs, music, and dancing, and were expensively furnished.

authorsnounUS /ˈɔːθərz/

plural of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading The Universities had their own amateur authors and performers.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

clappedverbUS /klæpt/

inflected form of “clap” — put quickly or forcibly

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

CourtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading The Court Masques, such as those of Lyly, and George Peele's "Arraignment of Paris," abounded in songs, music, and dancing, and were expensively furnished.

cryverbUS /kraɪ/

utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

dancingnounUS /ˈdænsɪŋ/

taking a series of rhythmical steps (and movements) in time to music

From this reading The Court Masques, such as those of Lyly, and George Peele's "Arraignment of Paris," abounded in songs, music, and dancing, and were expensively furnished.

ElizabethnounUS /ɪˈlɪzəbəθ/

daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

From this reading The rejoicing age of Elizabeth was fond of "variety entertainments".

ELIZABETHANnounUS /ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən/

a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN STAGE AND PLAYWRIGHTS.

entertainmentsnounUS /ˌentərˈteɪnmənts/

plural of “entertainment” — an activity that is diverting and that holds the attention

From this reading The rejoicing age of Elizabeth was fond of "variety entertainments".

expensivelyadverbUS /ˌekˈspensɪvli/

in an expensive manner

From this reading The Court Masques, such as those of Lyly, and George Peele's "Arraignment of Paris," abounded in songs, music, and dancing, and were expensively furnished.

eyases

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

fondadjectiveUS /fɑːnd/

having or displaying warmth or affection

From this reading The rejoicing age of Elizabeth was fond of "variety entertainments".

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

furnishedadjectiveUS /ˈfɜːrnɪʃt/

provided with whatever is necessary for a purpose (as furniture or equipment or authority)

From this reading The Court Masques, such as those of Lyly, and George Peele's "Arraignment of Paris," abounded in songs, music, and dancing, and were expensively furnished.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading The Court Masques, such as those of Lyly, and George Peele's "Arraignment of Paris," abounded in songs, music, and dancing, and were expensively furnished.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The Universities had their own amateur authors and performers.

HamletnounUS /ˈhæmlət/

a community of people smaller than a village

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Court Masques, such as those of Lyly, and George Peele's "Arraignment of Paris," abounded in songs, music, and dancing, and were expensively furnished.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

Lylynoun

English writer noted for his elaborate style (1554-1606)

From this reading The Court Masques, such as those of Lyly, and George Peele's "Arraignment of Paris," abounded in songs, music, and dancing, and were expensively furnished.

Masques

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Court Masques, such as those of Lyly, and George Peele's "Arraignment of Paris," abounded in songs, music, and dancing, and were expensively furnished.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

musicnounUS /ˈmjuːzɪk/

an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner

From this reading The Court Masques, such as those of Lyly, and George Peele's "Arraignment of Paris," abounded in songs, music, and dancing, and were expensively furnished.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The rejoicing age of Elizabeth was fond of "variety entertainments".

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The Universities had their own amateur authors and performers.

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading The Court Masques, such as those of Lyly, and George Peele's "Arraignment of Paris," abounded in songs, music, and dancing, and were expensively furnished.

Paul'snounUS /pɔːlz/

possessive form of “paul” — United States feminist (1885-1977)

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

Peele's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Court Masques, such as those of Lyly, and George Peele's "Arraignment of Paris," abounded in songs, music, and dancing, and were expensively furnished.

performersnounUS /pərˈfɔːrmərz/

plural of “performer” — an entertainer who performs a dramatic or musical work for an audience

From this reading The Universities had their own amateur authors and performers.

PLAYWRIGHTSnounUS /ˈpleɪraɪts/

plural of “playwright” — someone who writes plays

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN STAGE AND PLAYWRIGHTS.

professionaladjectiveUS /prəˈfeʃənəl/

engaged in a profession or engaging in as a profession or means of livelihood

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

rejoicingnounUS /rɪˈdʒɔɪsɪŋ/

a feeling of great happiness

From this reading The rejoicing age of Elizabeth was fond of "variety entertainments".

rivalsnounUS /ˈraɪvəlz/

plural of “rival” — the contestant you hope to defeat

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

schoolsnounUS /skuːlz/

plural of “school” — an educational institution

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

seriousadjectiveUS /ˈsɪriəs/

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

songsnounUS /sɔːŋz/

plural of “song” — a short musical composition with words

From this reading The Court Masques, such as those of Lyly, and George Peele's "Arraignment of Paris," abounded in songs, music, and dancing, and were expensively furnished.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

STAGEnounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN STAGE AND PLAYWRIGHTS.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The Court Masques, such as those of Lyly, and George Peele's "Arraignment of Paris," abounded in songs, music, and dancing, and were expensively furnished.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN STAGE AND PLAYWRIGHTS.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The Universities had their own amateur authors and performers.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The Court Masques, such as those of Lyly, and George Peele's "Arraignment of Paris," abounded in songs, music, and dancing, and were expensively furnished.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

tyrannically

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

UniversitiesnounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsətiz/

plural of “university” — the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading The Universities had their own amateur authors and performers.

varietynounUS /vərˈaɪəti/

a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading The rejoicing age of Elizabeth was fond of "variety entertainments".

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The rejoicing age of Elizabeth was fond of "variety entertainments".

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The "children" of St. Paul's and other schools acted so naturally that, as we read in "Hamlet," they became serious rivals of the professional actors.[1] "An aery of children, little eyases, that cry out on the top of question, and are most tyrannically clapped for it, these are now the fashion".

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Court Masques, such as those of Lyly, and George Peele's "Arraignment of Paris," abounded in songs, music, and dancing, and were expensively furnished.

Chapter 19 of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne by Andrew Lang holds 658 sentences, grouped into 132 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne contain?

Chapter 19 holds 658 sentences of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne, unabridged, divided into 132 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne by Andrew Lang exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 658 sentences, grouped into 132 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne?

Work through the 132 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 132 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne

Common questions about reading History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne by Andrew Lang on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne?

Yes. All 8679 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56613 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #56613, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1736 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne section by section

How to work through History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 37 chapters of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne

Words and structures a reader meets early in History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Literature
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Every
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Modern
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Country
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.