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History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne
History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne

Chapter XXXVII

Chapter 37 of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne is here in full — 293 sentences across 59 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne
Context Illustration Reading 1/58 · 5 lines
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HISTORIANS.
After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.
His own monumental work gave new impetus to historical study.
Sharon Turner (1768-1847) devoted himself mainly to Anglo-Saxon researches.
Sir Francis Palgrave (1788-1861) distinguished himself by research into the institutions and events of England and of English history from the Conquest to the days of the Plantagenets.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne

Chapter XXXVII

Chapter 37 of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne is here in full — 293 sentences across 59 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/58 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
HISTORIANS.
/hɪˈstɔːriənz/
Line 2
After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.
/ˈæftər ðə əˈpɪrəns ʌv ðə wɜːrks ʌv hjuːm ənd ˈrɑːbərtsən ˈhɪstəri bɪˈkeɪm æz wiː hæv hɜːrd ˈɡɪbən seɪ ðə moʊst ˈpɑːpjələr θiːm wɪð ðə ˈriːdɪŋ ˈpʌblɪk/
Line 3
His own monumental work gave new impetus to historical study.
/hɪz oʊn ˌmɑːnjəˈmentəl wɜːrk ɡeɪv nuː ˈɪmpətəs tuː hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl ˈstʌdi/
Line 4
Sharon Turner (1768-1847) devoted himself mainly to Anglo-Saxon researches.
Line 5
Sir Francis Palgrave (1788-1861) distinguished himself by research into the institutions and events of England and of English history from the Conquest to the days of the Plantagenets.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Gibbon noun US /ˈɡɪbən/

English historian best known for his history of the Roman Empire (1737-1794)

From this reading “After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.”

historians noun US /hɪˈstɔːriənz/

plural of “historian” — a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it

From this reading “HISTORIANS.”

Hume noun US /hjuːm/

Scottish philosopher skeptical philosophy restricted human knowledge to that which can be perceived by the senses (1711-1776)

From this reading “After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.”

impetus noun US /ˈɪmpətəs/

a force that moves something along

From this reading “His own monumental work gave new impetus to historical study.”

monumental adjective US /ˌmɑːnjəˈmentəl/

relating or belonging to or serving as a monument

From this reading “His own monumental work gave new impetus to historical study.”

research noun US /riˈsɜːrtʃ/

systematic investigation to establish facts

From this reading “Sir Francis Palgrave (1788-1861) distinguished himself by research into the institutions and events of England and of English history from the Conquest to the days of the Plantagenets.”

researches noun US /riˈsɜːrtʃɪz/

plural of “research” — systematic investigation to establish facts

From this reading “Sharon Turner (1768-1847) devoted himself mainly to Anglo-Saxon researches.”

Robertson noun US /ˈrɑːbərtsən/

United States basketball guard (born in 1938)

From this reading “After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

most popular adverb + adjective

In this reading “After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.”

reading public noun + noun

In this reading “After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1768

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sharon Turner (1768-1847) devoted himself mainly to Anglo-Saxon researches.

1788

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sir Francis Palgrave (1788-1861) distinguished himself by research into the institutions and events of England and of English history from the Conquest to the days of the Plantagenets.

1847

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sharon Turner (1768-1847) devoted himself mainly to Anglo-Saxon researches.

1861

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sir Francis Palgrave (1788-1861) distinguished himself by research into the institutions and events of England and of English history from the Conquest to the days of the Plantagenets.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.

Anglo-Saxonnoun

a native or inhabitant of England prior to the Norman Conquest

From this reading Sharon Turner (1768-1847) devoted himself mainly to Anglo-Saxon researches.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Sir Francis Palgrave (1788-1861) distinguished himself by research into the institutions and events of England and of English history from the Conquest to the days of the Plantagenets.

ConquestnounUS /ˈkɑːŋkwest/

the act of conquering

From this reading Sir Francis Palgrave (1788-1861) distinguished himself by research into the institutions and events of England and of English history from the Conquest to the days of the Plantagenets.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Sir Francis Palgrave (1788-1861) distinguished himself by research into the institutions and events of England and of English history from the Conquest to the days of the Plantagenets.

devotedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

zealous in devotion or affection

From this reading Sharon Turner (1768-1847) devoted himself mainly to Anglo-Saxon researches.

distinguishedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

(used of persons) standing above others in character or attainment or reputation

From this reading Sir Francis Palgrave (1788-1861) distinguished himself by research into the institutions and events of England and of English history from the Conquest to the days of the Plantagenets.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Sir Francis Palgrave (1788-1861) distinguished himself by research into the institutions and events of England and of English history from the Conquest to the days of the Plantagenets.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Sir Francis Palgrave (1788-1861) distinguished himself by research into the institutions and events of England and of English history from the Conquest to the days of the Plantagenets.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading Sir Francis Palgrave (1788-1861) distinguished himself by research into the institutions and events of England and of English history from the Conquest to the days of the Plantagenets.

Francis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sir Francis Palgrave (1788-1861) distinguished himself by research into the institutions and events of England and of English history from the Conquest to the days of the Plantagenets.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Sir Francis Palgrave (1788-1861) distinguished himself by research into the institutions and events of England and of English history from the Conquest to the days of the Plantagenets.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading His own monumental work gave new impetus to historical study.

GibbonnounUS /ˈɡɪbən/

English historian best known for his history of the Roman Empire (1737-1794)

From this reading After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Sharon Turner (1768-1847) devoted himself mainly to Anglo-Saxon researches.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His own monumental work gave new impetus to historical study.

HISTORIANSnounUS /hɪˈstɔːriənz/

plural of “historian” — a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it

From this reading HISTORIANS.

historicaladjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to the study of history

From this reading His own monumental work gave new impetus to historical study.

HistorynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.

HumenounUS /hjuːm/

Scottish philosopher skeptical philosophy restricted human knowledge to that which can be perceived by the senses (1711-1776)

From this reading After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.

impetusnounUS /ˈɪmpətəs/

a force that moves something along

From this reading His own monumental work gave new impetus to historical study.

institutionsnounUS /ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃənz/

plural of “institution” — an organization founded and united for a specific purpose

From this reading Sir Francis Palgrave (1788-1861) distinguished himself by research into the institutions and events of England and of English history from the Conquest to the days of the Plantagenets.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Sir Francis Palgrave (1788-1861) distinguished himself by research into the institutions and events of England and of English history from the Conquest to the days of the Plantagenets.

mainlyadverbUS /ˈmeɪnli/

for the most part

From this reading Sharon Turner (1768-1847) devoted himself mainly to Anglo-Saxon researches.

monumentaladjectiveUS /ˌmɑːnjəˈmentəl/

relating or belonging to or serving as a monument

From this reading His own monumental work gave new impetus to historical study.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading His own monumental work gave new impetus to historical study.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading His own monumental work gave new impetus to historical study.

Palgravenoun

English poet (1824-1897)

From this reading Sir Francis Palgrave (1788-1861) distinguished himself by research into the institutions and events of England and of English history from the Conquest to the days of the Plantagenets.

Plantagenets

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sir Francis Palgrave (1788-1861) distinguished himself by research into the institutions and events of England and of English history from the Conquest to the days of the Plantagenets.

popularadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːpjələr/

regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public

From this reading After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.

researchnounUS /riˈsɜːrtʃ/

systematic investigation to establish facts

From this reading Sir Francis Palgrave (1788-1861) distinguished himself by research into the institutions and events of England and of English history from the Conquest to the days of the Plantagenets.

researchesnounUS /riˈsɜːrtʃɪz/

plural of “research” — systematic investigation to establish facts

From this reading Sharon Turner (1768-1847) devoted himself mainly to Anglo-Saxon researches.

RobertsonnounUS /ˈrɑːbərtsən/

United States basketball guard (born in 1938)

From this reading After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.

Sharon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sharon Turner (1768-1847) devoted himself mainly to Anglo-Saxon researches.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading Sir Francis Palgrave (1788-1861) distinguished himself by research into the institutions and events of England and of English history from the Conquest to the days of the Plantagenets.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading His own monumental work gave new impetus to historical study.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.

themenounUS /θiːm/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading His own monumental work gave new impetus to historical study.

TurnernounUS /ˈtɜːrnər/

United States slave and insurrectionist who in 1831 led a rebellion of slaves in Virginia; he was captured and executed (1800-1831)

From this reading Sharon Turner (1768-1847) devoted himself mainly to Anglo-Saxon researches.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading His own monumental work gave new impetus to historical study.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading After the appearance of the works of Hume and Robertson, History became, as we have heard Gibbon say, the most popular theme with the reading public.

Chapter 37 of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne by Andrew Lang holds 293 sentences, grouped into 59 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 37 of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne contain?

Chapter 37 holds 293 sentences of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne, unabridged, divided into 59 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 37 of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne by Andrew Lang exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 293 sentences, grouped into 59 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 37 of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne?

Work through the 59 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 59 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 37 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 37 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne

Common questions about reading History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne by Andrew Lang on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne?

Yes. All 8679 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56613 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #56613, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1736 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne section by section

How to work through History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne

Words and structures a reader meets early in History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Literature
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Every
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Modern
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Country
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.