used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading The thinking public and the human mind changed, and whilst these changes took place a new literature sprang up.
administrationsnounUS /ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃənz/
plural of “administration” — a method of tending to or managing the affairs of a some group of people (especially the group's business affairs)
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
how long something has existed
From this reading The preceding age had done its work.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading CHAPTER FIRST IDEAS AND PRODUCTIONS Section I--Rise of Democracy On the eve of the nineteenth century the great modern revolution began in Europe.
aristocracynounUS /ˌerəˈstɑːkrəsi/
a privileged class holding hereditary titles
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
at the same time that; because; in the way that
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
backwardadverbUS /ˈbækwərd/
at or to or toward the back or rear
From this reading Perfect prose and classical style put within reach of the most backward and the dullest minds the notions of literature and the discoveries of science.
used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action
From this reading CHAPTER FIRST IDEAS AND PRODUCTIONS Section I--Rise of Democracy On the eve of the nineteenth century the great modern revolution began in Europe.
Directly under; in or to a lower position than.
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
a period of 100 years
From this reading CHAPTER FIRST IDEAS AND PRODUCTIONS Section I--Rise of Democracy On the eve of the nineteenth century the great modern revolution began in Europe.
made or become different in nature or form
From this reading The thinking public and the human mind changed, and whilst these changes took place a new literature sprang up.
changesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/
plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another
From this reading The thinking public and the human mind changed, and whilst these changes took place a new literature sprang up.
a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled
From this reading CHAPTER FIRST IDEAS AND PRODUCTIONS Section I--Rise of Democracy On the eve of the nineteenth century the great modern revolution began in Europe.
a collection of things sharing a common attribute
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
classicaladjectiveUS /ˈklæsɪkəl/
of or relating to the first significant period of a civilization, culture, area of study, etc.
From this reading Perfect prose and classical style put within reach of the most backward and the dullest minds the notions of literature and the discoveries of science.
an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
DemocracynounUS /dɪˈmɑːkrəsi/
the political orientation of those who favor government by the people or by their elected representatives
From this reading CHAPTER FIRST IDEAS AND PRODUCTIONS Section I--Rise of Democracy On the eve of the nineteenth century the great modern revolution began in Europe.
developverbUS /dɪˈveləp/
make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
discoveriesnounUS /dɪˈskʌvəriz/
plural of “discovery” — the act of discovering something
From this reading Perfect prose and classical style put within reach of the most backward and the dullest minds the notions of literature and the discoveries of science.
having finished or arrived at completion
From this reading The preceding age had done its work.
dullestadjectiveUS /ˈdʌləst/
superlative of “dull” — lacking in liveliness or animation
From this reading Perfect prose and classical style put within reach of the most backward and the dullest minds the notions of literature and the discoveries of science.
the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles
From this reading CHAPTER FIRST IDEAS AND PRODUCTIONS Section I--Rise of Democracy On the eve of the nineteenth century the great modern revolution began in Europe.
(Old Testament) Adam's wife in Judeo-Christian mythology: the first woman and mother of the human race; God created Eve from Adam's rib and placed Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden
From this reading CHAPTER FIRST IDEAS AND PRODUCTIONS Section I--Rise of Democracy On the eve of the nineteenth century the great modern revolution began in Europe.
FIRSTadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/
preceding all others in time or space or degree
From this reading CHAPTER FIRST IDEAS AND PRODUCTIONS Section I--Rise of Democracy On the eve of the nineteenth century the great modern revolution began in Europe.
intended to be given to, or used by, somebody
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind
From this reading CHAPTER FIRST IDEAS AND PRODUCTIONS Section I--Rise of Democracy On the eve of the nineteenth century the great modern revolution began in Europe.
hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/
the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect
From this reading The preceding age had done its work.
humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/
characteristic of humanity
From this reading The thinking public and the human mind changed, and whilst these changes took place a new literature sprang up.
the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb
From this reading CHAPTER FIRST IDEAS AND PRODUCTIONS Section I--Rise of Democracy On the eve of the nineteenth century the great modern revolution began in Europe.
plural of “idea” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about
From this reading CHAPTER FIRST IDEAS AND PRODUCTIONS Section I--Rise of Democracy On the eve of the nineteenth century the great modern revolution began in Europe.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading CHAPTER FIRST IDEAS AND PRODUCTIONS Section I--Rise of Democracy On the eve of the nineteenth century the great modern revolution began in Europe.
belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned
From this reading The preceding age had done its work.
used when the thing doing the action is also its object
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
creative writing of recognized artistic value
From this reading The thinking public and the human mind changed, and whilst these changes took place a new literature sprang up.
used to say something is possible, or to give permission
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
an area that is approximately central within some larger region
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.
From this reading The thinking public and the human mind changed, and whilst these changes took place a new literature sprang up.
plural of “mind” — that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason
From this reading Perfect prose and classical style put within reach of the most backward and the dullest minds the notions of literature and the discoveries of science.
ModerateverbUS /ˈmɑːdərət/
preside over
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages
From this reading CHAPTER FIRST IDEAS AND PRODUCTIONS Section I--Rise of Democracy On the eve of the nineteenth century the great modern revolution began in Europe.
monarchiesnounUS /ˈmɑːnɑːrkiz/
plural of “monarchy” — an autocracy governed by a monarch who usually inherits the authority
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
used to form the superlative
From this reading Perfect prose and classical style put within reach of the most backward and the dullest minds the notions of literature and the discoveries of science.
not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered
From this reading The thinking public and the human mind changed, and whilst these changes took place a new literature sprang up.
nineteenthadjectiveUS /ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ/
coming next after the eighteenth in position
From this reading CHAPTER FIRST IDEAS AND PRODUCTIONS Section I--Rise of Democracy On the eve of the nineteenth century the great modern revolution began in Europe.
notionsnounUS /ˈnoʊʃənz/
plural of “notion” — a vague idea in which some confidence is placed
From this reading Perfect prose and classical style put within reach of the most backward and the dullest minds the notions of literature and the discoveries of science.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading CHAPTER FIRST IDEAS AND PRODUCTIONS Section I--Rise of Democracy On the eve of the nineteenth century the great modern revolution began in Europe.
touching and supported by a surface
From this reading CHAPTER FIRST IDEAS AND PRODUCTIONS Section I--Rise of Democracy On the eve of the nineteenth century the great modern revolution began in Europe.
ornamentverbUS /ˈɔːrnəmənt/
make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc.
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish
From this reading Perfect prose and classical style put within reach of the most backward and the dullest minds the notions of literature and the discoveries of science.
inflected form of “permit” — consent to, give permission
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
a point located with respect to surface features of some region
From this reading The thinking public and the human mind changed, and whilst these changes took place a new literature sprang up.
plantsnounUS /plænts/
plural of “plant” — buildings for carrying on industrial labor
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
pompousadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːmpəs/
puffed up with vanity
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
precedingadjectiveUS /priˈsiːdɪŋ/
existing or coming before
From this reading The preceding age had done its work.
PRODUCTIONSnounUS /prəˈdʌkʃənz/
plural of “production” — the act or process of producing something
From this reading CHAPTER FIRST IDEAS AND PRODUCTIONS Section I--Rise of Democracy On the eve of the nineteenth century the great modern revolution began in Europe.
prosenounUS /proʊz/
ordinary writing as distinguished from verse
From this reading Perfect prose and classical style put within reach of the most backward and the dullest minds the notions of literature and the discoveries of science.
people in general considered as a whole
From this reading The thinking public and the human mind changed, and whilst these changes took place a new literature sprang up.
put into a certain place or abstract location
From this reading Perfect prose and classical style put within reach of the most backward and the dullest minds the notions of literature and the discoveries of science.
reach a destination, either real or abstract
From this reading Perfect prose and classical style put within reach of the most backward and the dullest minds the notions of literature and the discoveries of science.
in accordance with fixed order or procedure or principle
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
revolutionnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/
a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving
From this reading CHAPTER FIRST IDEAS AND PRODUCTIONS Section I--Rise of Democracy On the eve of the nineteenth century the great modern revolution began in Europe.
move upward
From this reading CHAPTER FIRST IDEAS AND PRODUCTIONS Section I--Rise of Democracy On the eve of the nineteenth century the great modern revolution began in Europe.
a particular branch of scientific knowledge
From this reading Perfect prose and classical style put within reach of the most backward and the dullest minds the notions of literature and the discoveries of science.
SectionnounUS /ˈsekʃən/
a self-contained part of a larger composition (written or musical)
From this reading CHAPTER FIRST IDEAS AND PRODUCTIONS Section I--Rise of Democracy On the eve of the nineteenth century the great modern revolution began in Europe.
inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
serve a purpose, role, or function
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
the act of firing a projectile
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
give an exhibition of to an interested audience
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
inflected form of “spring” — move forward by leaps and bounds
From this reading The thinking public and the human mind changed, and whilst these changes took place a new literature sprang up.
how something is done or how it happens
From this reading Perfect prose and classical style put within reach of the most backward and the dullest minds the notions of literature and the discoveries of science.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading CHAPTER FIRST IDEAS AND PRODUCTIONS Section I--Rise of Democracy On the eve of the nineteenth century the great modern revolution began in Europe.
the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned
From this reading The thinking public and the human mind changed, and whilst these changes took place a new literature sprang up.
the process of using your mind to consider something carefully
From this reading The thinking public and the human mind changed, and whilst these changes took place a new literature sprang up.
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
inflected form of “take” — carry out
From this reading The thinking public and the human mind changed, and whilst these changes took place a new literature sprang up.
plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/
below or beneath something; less than
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level
From this reading The thinking public and the human mind changed, and whilst these changes took place a new literature sprang up.
being of use or service
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned
From this reading Moderate monarchies and regular administrations had permitted the middle class to develop itself under the pompous aristocracy of the court, as useful plants may be seen shooting up beneath trees which serve for show and ornament.
an old and formal word for “while”
From this reading The thinking public and the human mind changed, and whilst these changes took place a new literature sprang up.
inside; before a period of time has passed
From this reading Perfect prose and classical style put within reach of the most backward and the dullest minds the notions of literature and the discoveries of science.
exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity
From this reading The preceding age had done its work.
