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History of the Expedition under the Command — Vol. 1
History of the Expedition under the Command — Vol. 1

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of History of the Expedition under the Command — Vol. 1 is here in full — 346 sentences across 70 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/69 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.
Friday, 28th.
The wind continued high last night, the frost severe, and the snow drifting in great quantities through the plains.
Saturday, 29th.
There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

History of the Expedition under the Command — Vol. 1

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of History of the Expedition under the Command — Vol. 1 is here in full — 346 sentences across 70 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/69 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.
Line 2
Friday, 28th.
Line 3
The wind continued high last night, the frost severe, and the snow drifting in great quantities through the plains.
/ðə waɪnd kənˈtɪnjuːd haɪ læst naɪt ðə frɔːst səˈvɪr ənd ðə snoʊ ˈdrɪftɪŋ ɪn ɡreɪt ˈkwɑːntətiz θruː ðə pleɪnz/
Line 4
Saturday, 29th.
Line 5
There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

blacksmith noun US /ˈblæksmɪθ/

a smith who forges and shapes iron with a hammer and anvil

From this reading “The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.”

creeks noun US /kriːks/

plural of “creek” — a natural stream of water smaller than a river (and often a tributary of a river)

From this reading “The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.”

Depredations noun US /ˌdeprəˈdeɪʃənz/

plural of “depredation” — an act of plundering and pillaging and marauding

From this reading “The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.”

mercury noun US /ˈmɜːrkjəri/

a heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures

From this reading “There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.”

Missouri noun US /məˈzʊri/

a midwestern state in central United States; a border state during the American Civil War, Missouri was admitted to the Confederacy without actually seceding from the Union

From this reading “The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.”

procuring verb US /proʊˈkjʊrɪŋ/

-ing form of “procure” — get by special effort

From this reading “The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.”

Sioux noun US /suː/

a member of a group of North American Indian peoples who spoke a Siouan language and who ranged from Lake Michigan to the Rocky Mountains

From this reading “The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.”

Summary noun US /ˈsʌməri/

a brief statement that presents the main points in a concise form

From this reading “The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

0

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

28th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Friday, 28th.

29th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Saturday, 29th.

9

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

actverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

beadsnounUS /biːdz/

several beads threaded together on a string

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

bearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

blacksmithnounUS /ˈblæksmɪθ/

a smith who forges and shapes iron with a hammer and anvil

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

buffaloe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

cnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

CharacternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading The wind continued high last night, the frost severe, and the snow drifting in great quantities through the plains.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

creeksnounUS /kriːks/

plural of “creek” — a natural stream of water smaller than a river (and often a tributary of a river)

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

dancenounUS /dæns/

an artistic form of nonverbal communication

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

degreesnounUS /dɪˈɡriːz/

plural of “degree” — a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

DepredationsnounUS /ˌdeprəˈdeɪʃənz/

plural of “depredation” — an act of plundering and pillaging and marauding

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

depthnounUS /depθ/

the extent downward or backward or inward

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

DescriptionnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃən/

a statement that represents something in words

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

DistressnounUS /dɪˈstres/

psychological suffering

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

driftingnounUS /ˈdrɪftɪŋ/

aimless wandering from place to place

From this reading The wind continued high last night, the frost severe, and the snow drifting in great quantities through the plains.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

favournounUS /ˈfeɪvər/

a feeling of favorable regard

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

fortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

fortitudenounUS /ˈfɔːrtɪtuːd/

strength of mind that enables one to endure adversity with courage

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

FridaynounUS /ˈfraɪdi/

the sixth day of the week; the fifth working day

From this reading Friday, 28th.

frostnounUS /frɔːst/

ice crystals forming a white deposit (especially on objects outside)

From this reading The wind continued high last night, the frost severe, and the snow drifting in great quantities through the plains.

gainedverbUS /ɡeɪnd/

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The wind continued high last night, the frost severe, and the snow drifting in great quantities through the plains.

homagenounUS /ˈɑːmədʒ/

respectful deference

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

importancenounUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtəns/

the quality of being important and worthy of note

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

inchnounUS /ɪntʃ/

a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

increasenounUS /ˌɪnˈkriːs/

a quantity that is added

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

islandsnounUS /ˈaɪləndz/

plural of “island” — a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

justicenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The wind continued high last night, the frost severe, and the snow drifting in great quantities through the plains.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

Mandans

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

MedicinenounUS /ˈmedəsən/

the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

mercurynounUS /ˈmɜːrkjəri/

a heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

Minnetarees

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

MissourinounUS /məˈzʊri/

a midwestern state in central United States; a border state during the American Civil War, Missouri was admitted to the Confederacy without actually seceding from the Union

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading The wind continued high last night, the frost severe, and the snow drifting in great quantities through the plains.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

plainsnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading The wind continued high last night, the frost severe, and the snow drifting in great quantities through the plains.

processverbUS /ˈprɑːses/

subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

procuringverbUS /proʊˈkjʊrɪŋ/

-ing form of “procure” — get by special effort

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

provisionsnounUS /prəˈvɪʒənz/

a stock or supply of foods

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

quantitiesnounUS /ˈkwɑːntətiz/

plural of “quantity” — how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify

From this reading The wind continued high last night, the frost severe, and the snow drifting in great quantities through the plains.

quarternounUS /ˈkwɔːrtər/

one of four equal parts

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

Ricaras

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

riversnounUS /ˈrɪvərz/

plural of “river” — a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

SaturdaynounUS /ˈsætərdi/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading Saturday, 29th.

seasonnounUS /ˈsiːzən/

a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

severeadjectiveUS /səˈvɪr/

intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading The wind continued high last night, the frost severe, and the snow drifting in great quantities through the plains.

severitynounUS /sɪˈverɪti/

used of the degree of something undesirable e.g. pain or weather

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

SiouxnounUS /suː/

a member of a group of North American Indian peoples who spoke a Siouan language and who ranged from Lake Michigan to the Rocky Mountains

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading The wind continued high last night, the frost severe, and the snow drifting in great quantities through the plains.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

SummarynounUS /ˈsʌməri/

a brief statement that presents the main points in a concise form

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

sunrisenounUS /ˈsʌnraɪz/

the first light of day

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

surroundingadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪŋ/

closely encircling

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The wind continued high last night, the frost severe, and the snow drifting in great quantities through the plains.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There was a frost fell last night nearly one quarter of an inch in depth, which continued to fall till the sun had gained some height: the mercury at sunrise stood at 9 degrees below 0: there were a number of Indians at the fort in the course of the day.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading The wind continued high last night, the frost severe, and the snow drifting in great quantities through the plains.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The party increase in the favour of the Mandans--Description of a buffaloe dance--Medicine dance--The fortitude with which the Indians bear the severity of the season--Distress of the party for want of provisions--The great importance of the blacksmith in procuring it--Depredations of the Sioux--The homage paid to the medicine stone--Summary act of justice among the Minnetarees--The process by which the Mandans and Ricaras make beads--Character of the Missouri, of the surrounding country, and of the rivers, creeks, islands, &c.

Chapter 16 of History of the Expedition under the Command — Vol. 1 by Meriwether Lewis holds 346 sentences, grouped into 70 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of History of the Expedition under the Command — Vol. 1 contain?

Chapter 16 holds 346 sentences of History of the Expedition under the Command — Vol. 1, unabridged, divided into 70 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of History of the Expedition under the Command — Vol. 1 by Meriwether Lewis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 346 sentences, grouped into 70 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of History of the Expedition under the Command — Vol. 1?

Work through the 70 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Vocabulary met early in History of the Expedition under the Command — Vol. 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in History of the Expedition under the Command — Vol. 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Council
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of the Expedition under the Command — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tetons
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of the Expedition under the Command — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Manners
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of the Expedition under the Command — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dances
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of the Expedition under the Command — Vol. 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.