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History of the Plague in London
History of the Plague in London

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of History of the Plague in London is here in full — 421 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/84 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
INTRODUCTION.
The father of Daniel Defoe was a butcher in the parish of St. Giles's, Cripplegate, London.
In this parish, probably, Daniel Defoe was born in 1661, the year after the restoration of Charles II.
The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.
How long Defoe staid at this school is not known.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

History of the Plague in London

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of History of the Plague in London is here in full — 421 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
INTRODUCTION.
/ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/
Line 2
The father of Daniel Defoe was a butcher in the parish of St. Giles's, Cripplegate, London.
Line 3
In this parish, probably, Daniel Defoe was born in 1661, the year after the restoration of Charles II.
Line 4
The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.
Line 5
How long Defoe staid at this school is not known.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

academy noun US /əˈkæd.ə.mi/

A place of study or training in a special field of knowledge and arts.

From this reading “The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.”

butcher verb US /ˈbʊtʃər/

kill (animals) usually for food consumption

From this reading “The father of Daniel Defoe was a butcher in the parish of St. Giles's, Cripplegate, London.”

Defoe noun US /dɪˈfoʊ/

English writer remembered particularly for his novel about Robinson Crusoe (1660-1731)

From this reading “The father of Daniel Defoe was a butcher in the parish of St. Giles's, Cripplegate, London.”

dissenting adjective US /dɪˈsentɪŋ/

disagreeing, especially with a majority

From this reading “The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.”

Morton noun US /ˈmɔːrtən/

United States jazz musician who moved from ragtime to New Orleans jazz (1885-1941)

From this reading “The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.”

nonconformist noun US /ˌnɑːnkənˈfɔːrmɪst/

a Protestant in England who is not a member of the Church of England

From this reading “The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.”

restoration noun US /ˌrestərˈeɪʃən/

the reign of Charles II in England; 1660-1685

From this reading “In this parish, probably, Daniel Defoe was born in 1661, the year after the restoration of Charles II.”

staid adjective US /steɪd/

characterized by dignity and propriety

From this reading “How long Defoe staid at this school is not known.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1661

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In this parish, probably, Daniel Defoe was born in 1661, the year after the restoration of Charles II.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The father of Daniel Defoe was a butcher in the parish of St. Giles's, Cripplegate, London.

academynounUS /əˈkæd.ə.mi/

A place of study or training in a special field of knowledge and arts.

From this reading The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading In this parish, probably, Daniel Defoe was born in 1661, the year after the restoration of Charles II.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading How long Defoe staid at this school is not known.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading In this parish, probably, Daniel Defoe was born in 1661, the year after the restoration of Charles II.

boy'snounUS /bɔɪz/

possessive form of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.

butcherverbUS /ˈbʊtʃər/

kill (animals) usually for food consumption

From this reading The father of Daniel Defoe was a butcher in the parish of St. Giles's, Cripplegate, London.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading In this parish, probably, Daniel Defoe was born in 1661, the year after the restoration of Charles II.

Cripplegate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The father of Daniel Defoe was a butcher in the parish of St. Giles's, Cripplegate, London.

DanielnounUS /ˈdænjəl/

(Old Testament) a youth who was taken into the court of Nebuchadnezzar and given divine protection when thrown into a den of lions (6th century BC)

From this reading The father of Daniel Defoe was a butcher in the parish of St. Giles's, Cripplegate, London.

DefoenounUS /dɪˈfoʊ/

English writer remembered particularly for his novel about Robinson Crusoe (1660-1731)

From this reading The father of Daniel Defoe was a butcher in the parish of St. Giles's, Cripplegate, London.

dissentingadjectiveUS /dɪˈsentɪŋ/

disagreeing, especially with a majority

From this reading The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.

divines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading The father of Daniel Defoe was a butcher in the parish of St. Giles's, Cripplegate, London.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.

Giles's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The father of Daniel Defoe was a butcher in the parish of St. Giles's, Cripplegate, London.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How long Defoe staid at this school is not known.

IInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading In this parish, probably, Daniel Defoe was born in 1661, the year after the restoration of Charles II.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The father of Daniel Defoe was a butcher in the parish of St. Giles's, Cripplegate, London.

INTRODUCTIONnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading INTRODUCTION.

intrusted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading How long Defoe staid at this school is not known.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading How long Defoe staid at this school is not known.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading The father of Daniel Defoe was a butcher in the parish of St. Giles's, Cripplegate, London.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading How long Defoe staid at this school is not known.

ministernounUS /ˈmɪnəstər/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.

MortonnounUS /ˈmɔːrtən/

United States jazz musician who moved from ragtime to New Orleans jazz (1885-1941)

From this reading The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.

nonconformistnounUS /ˌnɑːnkənˈfɔːrmɪst/

a Protestant in England who is not a member of the Church of England

From this reading The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading How long Defoe staid at this school is not known.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The father of Daniel Defoe was a butcher in the parish of St. Giles's, Cripplegate, London.

parentsnounUS /ˈperənts/

plural of “parent” — a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

From this reading The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.

parishnounUS /ˈpærɪʃ/

a local church community

From this reading The father of Daniel Defoe was a butcher in the parish of St. Giles's, Cripplegate, London.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading In this parish, probably, Daniel Defoe was born in 1661, the year after the restoration of Charles II.

restorationnounUS /ˌrestərˈeɪʃən/

the reign of Charles II in England; 1660-1685

From this reading In this parish, probably, Daniel Defoe was born in 1661, the year after the restoration of Charles II.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading How long Defoe staid at this school is not known.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The father of Daniel Defoe was a butcher in the parish of St. Giles's, Cripplegate, London.

staidadjectiveUS /steɪd/

characterized by dignity and propriety

From this reading How long Defoe staid at this school is not known.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The father of Daniel Defoe was a butcher in the parish of St. Giles's, Cripplegate, London.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In this parish, probably, Daniel Defoe was born in 1661, the year after the restoration of Charles II.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.

trainingnounUS /ˈtreɪnɪŋ/

activity leading to skilled behavior

From this reading The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The father of Daniel Defoe was a butcher in the parish of St. Giles's, Cripplegate, London.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.

wishedverbUS /wɪʃt/

past form of “wish” — hope for; have a wish

From this reading The boy's parents wished him to become a dissenting minister, and so intrusted his education to a Mr. Morton who kept an academy for the training of nonconformist divines.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading In this parish, probably, Daniel Defoe was born in 1661, the year after the restoration of Charles II.

Chapter 1 of History of the Plague in London by Daniel Defoe holds 421 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of History of the Plague in London contain?

Chapter 1 holds 421 sentences of History of the Plague in London, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of History of the Plague in London by Daniel Defoe exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 421 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of History of the Plague in London?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading History of the Plague in London

Common questions about reading History of the Plague in London by Daniel Defoe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of History of the Plague in London?

Yes. All 2158 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #17221 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of History of the Plague in London is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #17221, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does History of the Plague in London take to read?

About 179 minutes of reading across 432 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through History of the Plague in London section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in History of the Plague in London

Words and structures a reader meets early in History of the Plague in London, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of the Plague in London; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Father
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of the Plague in London; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Daniel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of the Plague in London; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Defoe
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of the Plague in London; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.