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History of Tom Jones, a Foundling
History of Tom Jones, a Foundling

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of History of Tom Jones, a Foundling is here in full — 389 sentences across 78 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/77 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS NECESSARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGINNING OF THIS HISTORY.
Chapter i.
The introduction to the work, or bill of fare to the feast.
An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.
In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

History of Tom Jones, a Foundling

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of History of Tom Jones, a Foundling is here in full — 389 sentences across 78 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/77 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS NECESSARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGINNING OF THIS HISTORY.
/kənˈteɪnɪŋ æz mʌtʃ ʌv ðə bɜːrθ ʌv ðə ˈfaʊndlɪŋ æz ɪz ˈnesəseri ɔːr ˈprɑːpər tuː əˈkweɪnt ðə ˈriːdər wɪð ɪn ðə bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ ʌv ðɪs ˈhɪstəri/
Line 2
Chapter i.
/ˈtʃæptər aɪ/
Line 3
The introduction to the work, or bill of fare to the feast.
/ðə ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən tuː ðə wɜːrk ɔːr bɪl ʌv fer tuː ðə fiːst/
Line 4
An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.
/æn ˈɔːθər ɔːt tuː kənˈsɪdər hɪmˈself nɑːt æz ə ˈdʒentəlmən huː ɡɪvz ə ˈpraɪvət ɔːr ˌeləˈmɔːsəneri triːt bʌt ˈræðər æz wʌn huː kiːps ə ˈpʌblɪk ˈɔːrdəneri æt wɪtʃ ɔːl ˈpɜːrsənz ɑːr ˈwelkəm fɔːr ðer ˈmʌni/
Line 5
In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.
/ɪn ðə ˈfɔːrmər keɪs ɪt ɪz wel noʊn ðæt ðə ˌentərˈteɪnər prəˈvaɪdz wʌt fer hiː ˈpliːzɪz ənd ðoʊ ðɪs ʃʊd biː ˈveri ˌɪnˈdɪfrənt ənd ˈʌtərli ˌdɪsəˈɡriːəbəl tuː ðə teɪst ʌv hɪz ˈkʌmpəniː ðeɪ mʌst nɑːt faɪnd ˈeni fɔːlt neɪ ɑːn ðə ˈkɑːntreri ɡʊd ˈbriːdɪŋ ˈfɔːrsɪz ðem ˈaʊtwərdli tuː əˈpruːv ənd tuː kəˈmend ˌwʌˈtevər ɪz set bɪˈfɔːr ðem/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

acquaint verb US /əˈkweɪnt/

cause to come to know personally

From this reading “CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS NECESSARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGINNING OF THIS HISTORY.”

breeding noun US /ˈbriːdɪŋ/

elegance by virtue of fineness of manner and expression

From this reading “In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.”

commend verb US /kəˈmend/

express approval of

From this reading “In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.”

eleemosynary adjective US /ˌeləˈmɔːsəneri/

generous in assistance to the poor

From this reading “An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.”

entertainer noun US /ˌentərˈteɪnər/

a person who tries to please or amuse

From this reading “In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.”

foundling noun US /ˈfaʊndlɪŋ/

a child who has been abandoned and whose parents are unknown

From this reading “CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS NECESSARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGINNING OF THIS HISTORY.”

outwardly adverb US /ˈaʊtwərdli/

with respect to the outside

From this reading “In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.”

provides verb US /prəˈvaɪdz/

third-person singular of “provide” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading “In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

ACQUAINTverbUS /əˈkweɪnt/

cause to come to know personally

From this reading CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS NECESSARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGINNING OF THIS HISTORY.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

approveverbUS /əˈpruːv/

give sanction to

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

ASconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS NECESSARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGINNING OF THIS HISTORY.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

BEGINNINGnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS NECESSARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGINNING OF THIS HISTORY.

billnounUS /bɪl/

a statute in draft before it becomes law

From this reading The introduction to the work, or bill of fare to the feast.

BIRTHnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS NECESSARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGINNING OF THIS HISTORY.

breedingnounUS /ˈbriːdɪŋ/

elegance by virtue of fineness of manner and expression

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

ChapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading Chapter i.

commendverbUS /kəˈmend/

express approval of

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

considerverbUS /kənˈsɪdər/

deem to be

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

CONTAININGverbUS /kənˈteɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “contain” — include or contain; have as a component

From this reading CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS NECESSARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGINNING OF THIS HISTORY.

contraryadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːntreri/

very opposed in nature or character or purpose

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

disagreeableadjectiveUS /ˌdɪsəˈɡriːəbəl/

not to your liking

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

eleemosynaryadjectiveUS /ˌeləˈmɔːsəneri/

generous in assistance to the poor

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

entertainernounUS /ˌentərˈteɪnər/

a person who tries to please or amuse

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

farenounUS /fer/

an agenda of things to do

From this reading The introduction to the work, or bill of fare to the feast.

faultnounUS /fɔːlt/

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

feastnounUS /fiːst/

a ceremonial dinner party for many people

From this reading The introduction to the work, or bill of fare to the feast.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

forcesnounUS /ˈfɔːrsɪz/

plural of “force” — a powerful effect or influence

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

FOUNDLINGnounUS /ˈfaʊndlɪŋ/

a child who has been abandoned and whose parents are unknown

From this reading CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS NECESSARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGINNING OF THIS HISTORY.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

HISTORYnounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS NECESSARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGINNING OF THIS HISTORY.

ipronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Chapter i.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS NECESSARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGINNING OF THIS HISTORY.

indifferentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdɪfrənt/

marked by a lack of interest

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

introductionnounUS /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃən/

the act of beginning something new

From this reading The introduction to the work, or bill of fare to the feast.

ISauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS NECESSARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGINNING OF THIS HISTORY.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

keepsnounUS /kiːps/

plural of “keep” — the financial means whereby one lives

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

MUCHadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS NECESSARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGINNING OF THIS HISTORY.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

nayexclamationUS /neɪ/

an old word for “no”

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

NECESSARYadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS NECESSARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGINNING OF THIS HISTORY.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS NECESSARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGINNING OF THIS HISTORY.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

ORconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS NECESSARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGINNING OF THIS HISTORY.

ordinarynounUS /ˈɔːrdəneri/

a judge of a probate court

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

outwardlyadverbUS /ˈaʊtwərdli/

with respect to the outside

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

pleasesverbUS /ˈpliːzɪz/

third-person singular of “please” — give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

privateadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪvət/

confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

PROPERadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːpər/

marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness

From this reading CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS NECESSARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGINNING OF THIS HISTORY.

providesverbUS /prəˈvaɪdz/

third-person singular of “provide” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

READERnounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS NECESSARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGINNING OF THIS HISTORY.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

tasteverbUS /teɪst/

To perceive flavor through the mouth.

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS NECESSARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGINNING OF THIS HISTORY.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

THISdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS NECESSARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGINNING OF THIS HISTORY.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS NECESSARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGINNING OF THIS HISTORY.

treatverbUS /triːt/

interact in a certain way

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

utterlyadverbUS /ˈʌtərli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

welcomeverbUS /ˈwelkəm/

accept gladly

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading In the former case, it is well known that the entertainer provides what fare he pleases; and though this should be very indifferent, and utterly disagreeable to the taste of his company, they must not find any fault; nay, on the contrary, good breeding forces them outwardly to approve and to commend whatever is set before them.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading An author ought to consider himself, not as a gentleman who gives a private or eleemosynary treat, but rather as one who keeps a public ordinary, at which all persons are welcome for their money.

WITHprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading CONTAINING AS MUCH OF THE BIRTH OF THE FOUNDLING AS IS NECESSARY OR PROPER TO ACQUAINT THE READER WITH IN THE BEGINNING OF THIS HISTORY.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The introduction to the work, or bill of fare to the feast.

Chapter 18 of History of Tom Jones, a Foundling by Henry Fielding holds 389 sentences, grouped into 78 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of History of Tom Jones, a Foundling contain?

Chapter 18 holds 389 sentences of History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, unabridged, divided into 78 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of History of Tom Jones, a Foundling by Henry Fielding exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 389 sentences, grouped into 78 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of History of Tom Jones, a Foundling?

Work through the 78 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 78 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading History of Tom Jones, a Foundling

Common questions about reading History of Tom Jones, a Foundling by Henry Fielding on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of History of Tom Jones, a Foundling?

Yes. All 10696 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6593 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #6593, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does History of Tom Jones, a Foundling take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2140 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in History of Tom Jones, a Foundling

Words and structures a reader meets early in History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Degrees
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of Tom Jones, a Foundling; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Various
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of Tom Jones, a Foundling; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Other
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of Tom Jones, a Foundling; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Transactions
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History of Tom Jones, a Foundling; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.