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History Repeats
History Repeats

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of History Repeats is here in full — 408 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for History Repeats
Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
This etext was produced from _Astounding Science Fiction_ May 1959.
Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.
Minor spelling and typographical errors have been corrected without note.
_There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.
Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

History Repeats

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of History Repeats is here in full — 408 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
This etext was produced from _Astounding Science Fiction_ May 1959.
Line 2
Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.
Line 3
Minor spelling and typographical errors have been corrected without note.
/ˈmaɪnər ˈspelɪŋ ənd ˌtaɪpəˈɡræfɪkəl ˈerərz hæv bɪn kərˈektəd wɪˈθaʊt noʊt/
Line 4
_There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.
Line 5
Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Astounding adjective US /əˈstaʊndɪŋ/

bewildering or striking dumb with wonder

contingent noun US /kənˈtɪndʒənt/

a gathering of persons representative of some larger group

From this reading “Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.”

copyright noun US /ˈkɑːpiraɪt/

a document granting exclusive right to publish and sell literary or musical or artistic work

From this reading “Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.”

cultures noun US /ˈkʌltʃərz/

plural of “culture” — a particular society at a particular time and place

From this reading “Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.”

Spiral noun US /ˈspaɪrəl/

a plane curve traced by a point circling about the center but at increasing distances from the center

From this reading “_There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.”

sprawling noun US /ˈsprɔːlɪŋ/

an ungainly posture with arms and legs spread about

From this reading “_There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.”

typographical adjective US /ˌtaɪpəˈɡræfɪkəl/

relating to or occurring or used in typography

From this reading “Minor spelling and typographical errors have been corrected without note.”

uncover verb US /ənˈkʌvər/

remove all or part of one's clothes to show one's body

From this reading “Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1959

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This etext was produced from _Astounding Science Fiction_ May 1959.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Minor spelling and typographical errors have been corrected without note.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

ArmnounUS /ɑːrm/

a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

AstoundingadjectiveUS /əˈstaʊndɪŋ/

bewildering or striking dumb with wonder

From this reading This etext was produced from _Astounding Science Fiction_ May 1959.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Minor spelling and typographical errors have been corrected without note.

boundarynounUS /ˈbaʊn.də.ri/

A line that marks the limits of an area.

From this reading Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

can't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

contingentnounUS /kənˈtɪndʒənt/

a gathering of persons representative of some larger group

From this reading Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.

copyrightnounUS /ˈkɑːpiraɪt/

a document granting exclusive right to publish and sell literary or musical or artistic work

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

corenounUS /kɔːr/

a small group of indispensable persons or things

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

correctedadjectiveUS /kərˈektəd/

having something undesirable neutralized

From this reading Minor spelling and typographical errors have been corrected without note.

culturesnounUS /ˈkʌltʃərz/

plural of “culture” — a particular society at a particular time and place

From this reading Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

don't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

ebbverbUS /eb/

flow back or recede

From this reading Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.

errorsnounUS /ˈerərz/

plural of “error” — a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading Minor spelling and typographical errors have been corrected without note.

etext

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This etext was produced from _Astounding Science Fiction_ May 1959.

evidencenounUS /ˈevədəns/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

ExtensiveadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstensɪv/

large in spatial extent or range or scope or quantity

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

far-flungadjective

distributed over a considerable extent

From this reading Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.

FictionnounUS /ˈfɪkʃən/

a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading This etext was produced from _Astounding Science Fiction_ May 1959.

flownounUS /floʊ/

the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading This etext was produced from _Astounding Science Fiction_ May 1959.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Minor spelling and typographical errors have been corrected without note.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

laysnounUS /leɪz/

plural of “lay” — a narrative song with a recurrent refrain

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

loseverbUS /luːz/

fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading This etext was produced from _Astounding Science Fiction_ May 1959.

mightyadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪti/

having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

MinoradjectiveUS /ˈmaɪnər/

of lesser importance or stature or rank

From this reading Minor spelling and typographical errors have been corrected without note.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

notenounUS /noʊt/

a brief written record

From this reading Minor spelling and typographical errors have been corrected without note.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

OnlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading This etext was produced from _Astounding Science Fiction_ May 1959.

publicationnounUS /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃən/

a copy of a printed work offered for distribution

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

renewedadjectiveUS /rɪˈnuːd/

restored to a new condition

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

researchnounUS /riˈsɜːrtʃ/

systematic investigation to establish facts

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

SciencenounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading This etext was produced from _Astounding Science Fiction_ May 1959.

showsnounUS /ʃoʊz/

plural of “show” — the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining

From this reading Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.

slightnounUS /slaɪt/

a deliberate discourteous act (usually as an expression of anger or disapproval)

From this reading Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.

solidadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləd/

characterized by good substantial quality

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

soulsnounUS /soʊlz/

plural of “soul” — the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

spellingnounUS /ˈspelɪŋ/

forming words with letters according to the principles underlying accepted usage

From this reading Minor spelling and typographical errors have been corrected without note.

spherenounUS /sfɪr/

a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

SpiralnounUS /ˈspaɪrəl/

a plane curve traced by a point circling about the center but at increasing distances from the center

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

sprawlingnounUS /ˈsprɔːlɪŋ/

an ungainly posture with arms and legs spread about

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.

Terrestrials

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This etext was produced from _Astounding Science Fiction_ May 1959.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

todaynounUS /təˈdeɪ/

the present time or age

From this reading Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.

tomorrownounUS /təˈmɑːroʊ/

the day after today

From this reading Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.

typographicaladjectiveUS /ˌtaɪpəˈɡræfɪkəl/

relating to or occurring or used in typography

From this reading Minor spelling and typographical errors have been corrected without note.

UnounUS /juː/

a base containing nitrogen that is found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

uncoververbUS /ənˈkʌvər/

remove all or part of one's clothes to show one's body

From this reading Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This etext was produced from _Astounding Science Fiction_ May 1959.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

winverbUS /wɪn/

be the winner in a contest or competition; be victorious

From this reading Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Minor spelling and typographical errors have been corrected without note.

Xanabar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _There are--and very probably will always be--some Terrestrials who can't, and for that matter don't want, to call their souls their own...._ Xanabar lays across the Spiral Arm, a sprawling sphere of influence vast, mighty, solid at the core.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Only the far-flung boundary shows the slight ebb and flow of contingent cultures that may win a system or two today and lose them back tomorrow or a hundred years from now.

Chapter 1 of History Repeats by George O. (George Oliver) Smith holds 408 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of History Repeats contain?

Chapter 1 holds 408 sentences of History Repeats, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of History Repeats by George O. (George Oliver) Smith exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 408 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of History Repeats?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading History Repeats

Common questions about reading History Repeats by George O. (George Oliver) Smith on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of History Repeats?

Yes. All 408 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #23884 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of History Repeats is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #23884, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does History Repeats take to read?

About 34 minutes of reading across 82 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read History Repeats section by section

How to work through History Repeats section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of History Repeats to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in History Repeats

Words and structures a reader meets early in History Repeats, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Etext
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History Repeats; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Produced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History Repeats; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Astounding
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History Repeats; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Science
A word that appears in the opening chapter of History Repeats; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.