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H.M.I.
H.M.I.

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of H.M.I. is here in full — 141 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for H.M.I.
Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SCHOOL BOARDS “Allowing him a breath, a little scene To monarchize, be fear’d, and kill with looks.”
_Richard II._ The object of the Education Act of 1870 was to supply all England with efficient schools.
If voluntary effort failed, special machinery was devised “not to supplant, but to supplement.”
Purists objected that “supplement” was a vile misuse of a noun as a verb.
On the analogy of “complete,” “complement,” it should be “supplete”; but the nation shrugged its shoulders.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

H.M.I.

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of H.M.I. is here in full — 141 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SCHOOL BOARDS “Allowing him a breath, a little scene To monarchize, be fear’d, and kill with looks.”
Line 2
_Richard II._ The object of the Education Act of 1870 was to supply all England with efficient schools.
Line 3
If voluntary effort failed, special machinery was devised “not to supplant, but to supplement.”
/ɪf ˈvɑːlənteri ˈefərt feɪld ˈspeʃəl məˈʃiːnəri wɑːz dɪˈvaɪzd nɑːt tuː səˈplænt bʌt tuː ˈsʌpləmənt/
Line 4
Purists objected that “supplement” was a vile misuse of a noun as a verb.
/ˈpjʊrɪsts əbˈdʒektəd ðæt ˈsʌpləmənt wɑːz ə vaɪl mɪˈsjuːz ʌv ə naʊn æz ə vɜːrb/
Line 5
On the analogy of “complete,” “complement,” it should be “supplete”; but the nation shrugged its shoulders.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

analogy noun US /əˈnælədʒi/

an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably agree in others

From this reading “On the analogy of “complete,” “complement,” it should be “supplete”; but the nation shrugged its shoulders.”

complement noun US /ˈkɑːmpləmənt/

a word or phrase used to complete a grammatical construction

From this reading “On the analogy of “complete,” “complement,” it should be “supplete”; but the nation shrugged its shoulders.”

misuse verb US /mɪˈsjuːz/

apply to a wrong thing or person; apply badly or incorrectly

From this reading “Purists objected that “supplement” was a vile misuse of a noun as a verb.”

noun noun US /naʊn/

a content word that can be used to refer to a person, place, thing, quality, or action

From this reading “Purists objected that “supplement” was a vile misuse of a noun as a verb.”

Purists noun US /ˈpjʊrɪsts/

plural of “purist” — someone who insists on great precision and correctness (especially in the use of words)

From this reading “Purists objected that “supplement” was a vile misuse of a noun as a verb.”

supplant verb US /səˈplænt/

take the place or move into the position of

From this reading “If voluntary effort failed, special machinery was devised “not to supplant, but to supplement.””

supplement noun US /ˈsʌpləmənt/

textual matter that is added onto a publication; usually at the end

From this reading “If voluntary effort failed, special machinery was devised “not to supplant, but to supplement.””

verb noun US /vɜːrb/

the word class that serves as the predicate of a sentence

From this reading “Purists objected that “supplement” was a vile misuse of a noun as a verb.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Act of verb + particle

In this reading “_Richard II._ The object of the Education Act of 1870 was to supply all England with efficient schools.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1870

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Richard II._ The object of the Education Act of 1870 was to supply all England with efficient schools.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading SCHOOL BOARDS “Allowing him a breath, a little scene To monarchize, be fear’d, and kill with looks.”

ActverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading _Richard II._ The object of the Education Act of 1870 was to supply all England with efficient schools.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading _Richard II._ The object of the Education Act of 1870 was to supply all England with efficient schools.

AllowingverbUS /əˈlaʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading SCHOOL BOARDS “Allowing him a breath, a little scene To monarchize, be fear’d, and kill with looks.”

analogynounUS /əˈnælədʒi/

an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably agree in others

From this reading On the analogy of “complete,” “complement,” it should be “supplete”; but the nation shrugged its shoulders.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading SCHOOL BOARDS “Allowing him a breath, a little scene To monarchize, be fear’d, and kill with looks.”

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Purists objected that “supplement” was a vile misuse of a noun as a verb.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading SCHOOL BOARDS “Allowing him a breath, a little scene To monarchize, be fear’d, and kill with looks.”

BOARDSnounUS /bɔːrdz/

(used in the plural) the stage of a theater

From this reading SCHOOL BOARDS “Allowing him a breath, a little scene To monarchize, be fear’d, and kill with looks.”

breathnounUS /breθ/

the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing

From this reading SCHOOL BOARDS “Allowing him a breath, a little scene To monarchize, be fear’d, and kill with looks.”

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading If voluntary effort failed, special machinery was devised “not to supplant, but to supplement.”

complementnounUS /ˈkɑːmpləmənt/

a word or phrase used to complete a grammatical construction

From this reading On the analogy of “complete,” “complement,” it should be “supplete”; but the nation shrugged its shoulders.

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading On the analogy of “complete,” “complement,” it should be “supplete”; but the nation shrugged its shoulders.

devisedverbUS /dɪˈvaɪzd/

past form of “devise” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading If voluntary effort failed, special machinery was devised “not to supplant, but to supplement.”

EducationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading _Richard II._ The object of the Education Act of 1870 was to supply all England with efficient schools.

efficientadjectiveUS /ɪˈfɪʃənt/

being effective without wasting time or effort or expense

From this reading _Richard II._ The object of the Education Act of 1870 was to supply all England with efficient schools.

effortnounUS /ˈefərt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading If voluntary effort failed, special machinery was devised “not to supplant, but to supplement.”

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading _Richard II._ The object of the Education Act of 1870 was to supply all England with efficient schools.

failedverbUS /feɪld/

past form of “fail” — fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading If voluntary effort failed, special machinery was devised “not to supplant, but to supplement.”

fear'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SCHOOL BOARDS “Allowing him a breath, a little scene To monarchize, be fear’d, and kill with looks.”

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading SCHOOL BOARDS “Allowing him a breath, a little scene To monarchize, be fear’d, and kill with looks.”

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If voluntary effort failed, special machinery was devised “not to supplant, but to supplement.”

IInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading _Richard II._ The object of the Education Act of 1870 was to supply all England with efficient schools.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading On the analogy of “complete,” “complement,” it should be “supplete”; but the nation shrugged its shoulders.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading On the analogy of “complete,” “complement,” it should be “supplete”; but the nation shrugged its shoulders.

killverbUS /kɪl/

cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading SCHOOL BOARDS “Allowing him a breath, a little scene To monarchize, be fear’d, and kill with looks.”

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading SCHOOL BOARDS “Allowing him a breath, a little scene To monarchize, be fear’d, and kill with looks.”

looksnounUS /lʊks/

plural of “look” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading SCHOOL BOARDS “Allowing him a breath, a little scene To monarchize, be fear’d, and kill with looks.”

machinerynounUS /məˈʃiːnəri/

machines or machine systems collectively

From this reading If voluntary effort failed, special machinery was devised “not to supplant, but to supplement.”

misuseverbUS /mɪˈsjuːz/

apply to a wrong thing or person; apply badly or incorrectly

From this reading Purists objected that “supplement” was a vile misuse of a noun as a verb.

monarchize

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SCHOOL BOARDS “Allowing him a breath, a little scene To monarchize, be fear’d, and kill with looks.”

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading On the analogy of “complete,” “complement,” it should be “supplete”; but the nation shrugged its shoulders.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading If voluntary effort failed, special machinery was devised “not to supplant, but to supplement.”

nounnounUS /naʊn/

a content word that can be used to refer to a person, place, thing, quality, or action

From this reading Purists objected that “supplement” was a vile misuse of a noun as a verb.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading _Richard II._ The object of the Education Act of 1870 was to supply all England with efficient schools.

objectedverbUS /əbˈdʒektəd/

past form of “object” — express or raise an objection or protest or criticism or express dissent

From this reading Purists objected that “supplement” was a vile misuse of a noun as a verb.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Richard II._ The object of the Education Act of 1870 was to supply all England with efficient schools.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the analogy of “complete,” “complement,” it should be “supplete”; but the nation shrugged its shoulders.

PuristsnounUS /ˈpjʊrɪsts/

plural of “purist” — someone who insists on great precision and correctness (especially in the use of words)

From this reading Purists objected that “supplement” was a vile misuse of a noun as a verb.

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Richard II._ The object of the Education Act of 1870 was to supply all England with efficient schools.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading SCHOOL BOARDS “Allowing him a breath, a little scene To monarchize, be fear’d, and kill with looks.”

SCHOOLnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading SCHOOL BOARDS “Allowing him a breath, a little scene To monarchize, be fear’d, and kill with looks.”

schoolsnounUS /skuːlz/

plural of “school” — an educational institution

From this reading _Richard II._ The object of the Education Act of 1870 was to supply all England with efficient schools.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading On the analogy of “complete,” “complement,” it should be “supplete”; but the nation shrugged its shoulders.

shouldersnounUS /ˈʃoʊldərz/

plural of “shoulder” — the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm

From this reading On the analogy of “complete,” “complement,” it should be “supplete”; but the nation shrugged its shoulders.

shruggedverbUS /ʃrʌɡd/

inflected form of “shrug” — raise one's shoulders to indicate indifference or resignation

From this reading On the analogy of “complete,” “complement,” it should be “supplete”; but the nation shrugged its shoulders.

specialadjectiveUS /ˈspeʃəl/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading If voluntary effort failed, special machinery was devised “not to supplant, but to supplement.”

supplantverbUS /səˈplænt/

take the place or move into the position of

From this reading If voluntary effort failed, special machinery was devised “not to supplant, but to supplement.”

supplementnounUS /ˈsʌpləmənt/

textual matter that is added onto a publication; usually at the end

From this reading If voluntary effort failed, special machinery was devised “not to supplant, but to supplement.”

supplete

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the analogy of “complete,” “complement,” it should be “supplete”; but the nation shrugged its shoulders.

supplyverbUS /səˈplaɪ/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading _Richard II._ The object of the Education Act of 1870 was to supply all England with efficient schools.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Purists objected that “supplement” was a vile misuse of a noun as a verb.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Richard II._ The object of the Education Act of 1870 was to supply all England with efficient schools.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading SCHOOL BOARDS “Allowing him a breath, a little scene To monarchize, be fear’d, and kill with looks.”

verbnounUS /vɜːrb/

the word class that serves as the predicate of a sentence

From this reading Purists objected that “supplement” was a vile misuse of a noun as a verb.

vileadjectiveUS /vaɪl/

morally reprehensible

From this reading Purists objected that “supplement” was a vile misuse of a noun as a verb.

voluntaryadjectiveUS /ˈvɑːlənteri/

of your own free will or design; done by choice; not forced or compelled

From this reading If voluntary effort failed, special machinery was devised “not to supplant, but to supplement.”

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Richard II._ The object of the Education Act of 1870 was to supply all England with efficient schools.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading SCHOOL BOARDS “Allowing him a breath, a little scene To monarchize, be fear’d, and kill with looks.”

Chapter 16 of H.M.I. by E. M. (Edmund McKenzie) Sneyd-Kynnersley holds 141 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of H.M.I. contain?

Chapter 16 holds 141 sentences of H.M.I., unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of H.M.I. by E. M. (Edmund McKenzie) Sneyd-Kynnersley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 141 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of H.M.I.?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading H.M.I.

Common questions about reading H.M.I. by E. M. (Edmund McKenzie) Sneyd-Kynnersley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of H.M.I.?

Yes. All 4864 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #67987 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of H.M.I. is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #67987, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does H.M.I. take to read?

About 405 minutes of reading across 973 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read H.M.I. section by section

How to work through H.M.I. section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of H.M.I. to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in H.M.I.

Words and structures a reader meets early in H.M.I., each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Macmillan
A word that appears in the opening chapter of H.M.I.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Canada
A word that appears in the opening chapter of H.M.I.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Limited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of H.M.I.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Martin
A word that appears in the opening chapter of H.M.I.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.