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Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1
Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1 is here in full — 411 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
Bold text is denoted by =equal signs=.
Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.
The 3-star asterism symbol in the Catalog is denoted by ***.
More detail can be found at the end of the book.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1 is here in full — 411 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.
/aɪˈtælɪk tekst ɪz dɪˈnoʊtəd baɪ ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/
Line 2
Bold text is denoted by =equal signs=.
/boʊld tekst ɪz dɪˈnoʊtəd baɪ ˈiːkwəl saɪnz/
Line 3
Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.
/ˈɑːbviəs ˌtaɪpəˈɡræfɪkəl ˈerərz ənd ˌpʌŋktʃuːˈeɪʃən ˈerərz hæv bɪn kərˈektəd ˈæftər ˈkerfəl kəmˈperəsən wɪð ˈʌðər əˈkɜːrənsɪz wɪˈðɪn ðə tekst ənd ˌkɑːnsəlˈteɪʃən ʌv ɪkˈstɜːrnəl ˈsɔːrsəz/
Line 4
The 3-star asterism symbol in the Catalog is denoted by ***.
Line 5
More detail can be found at the end of the book.
/mɔːr dɪˈteɪl kæn biː faʊnd æt ðə end ʌv ðə bʊk/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Catalog noun US /ˈkætəlɔːɡ/

a book or pamphlet containing an enumeration of things

From this reading “The 3-star asterism symbol in the Catalog is denoted by ***.”

denoted verb US /dɪˈnoʊtəd/

past form of “denote” — be a sign or indication of

From this reading “Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.”

Italic noun US /aɪˈtælɪk/

a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading “Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.”

occurrences noun US /əˈkɜːrənsɪz/

plural of “occurrence” — an event that happens

From this reading “Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.”

punctuation noun US /ˌpʌŋktʃuːˈeɪʃən/

something that makes repeated and regular interruptions or divisions

From this reading “Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.”

sources noun US /ˈsɔːrsəz/

plural of “source” — the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading “Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.”

typographical adjective US /ˌtaɪpəˈɡræfɪkəl/

relating to or occurring or used in typography

From this reading “Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.”

underscores noun US /ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/

plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

at the end preposition + article + noun counted as “at … end”

In this reading “More detail can be found at the end of the book.”

All words in this reading · 43

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The 3-star asterism symbol in the Catalog is denoted by ***.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

asterismnoun

(mineralogy) a star-shaped figure with six rays that is seen in some crystal structures under reflected or transmitted light

From this reading The 3-star asterism symbol in the Catalog is denoted by ***.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading More detail can be found at the end of the book.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading More detail can be found at the end of the book.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

BoldadjectiveUS /boʊld/

fearless and daring

From this reading Bold text is denoted by =equal signs=.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading More detail can be found at the end of the book.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading More detail can be found at the end of the book.

carefuladjectiveUS /ˈkerfəl/

exercising caution or showing care or attention

From this reading Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

CatalognounUS /ˈkætəlɔːɡ/

a book or pamphlet containing an enumeration of things

From this reading The 3-star asterism symbol in the Catalog is denoted by ***.

comparisonnounUS /kəmˈperəsən/

the act of examining resemblances

From this reading Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

consultationnounUS /ˌkɑːnsəlˈteɪʃən/

a conference (usually with someone important)

From this reading Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

correctedadjectiveUS /kərˈektəd/

having something undesirable neutralized

From this reading Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

denotedverbUS /dɪˈnoʊtəd/

past form of “denote” — be a sign or indication of

From this reading Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.

detailnounUS /dɪˈteɪl/

an isolated fact that is considered separately from the whole

From this reading More detail can be found at the end of the book.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading More detail can be found at the end of the book.

equalverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading Bold text is denoted by =equal signs=.

errorsnounUS /ˈerərz/

plural of “error” — a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

externaladjectiveUS /ɪkˈstɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface

From this reading Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading More detail can be found at the end of the book.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The 3-star asterism symbol in the Catalog is denoted by ***.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.

ItalicnounUS /aɪˈtælɪk/

a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.

MoreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading More detail can be found at the end of the book.

ObviousadjectiveUS /ˈɑːbviəs/

easily perceived by the senses or grasped by the mind

From this reading Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

occurrencesnounUS /əˈkɜːrənsɪz/

plural of “occurrence” — an event that happens

From this reading Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

punctuationnounUS /ˌpʌŋktʃuːˈeɪʃən/

something that makes repeated and regular interruptions or divisions

From this reading Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

signsnounUS /saɪnz/

plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading Bold text is denoted by =equal signs=.

sourcesnounUS /ˈsɔːrsəz/

plural of “source” — the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

starnounUS /stɑːr/

(astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading The 3-star asterism symbol in the Catalog is denoted by ***.

symbolnounUS /ˈsɪmbəl/

an arbitrary sign (written or printed) that has acquired a conventional significance

From this reading The 3-star asterism symbol in the Catalog is denoted by ***.

textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

typographicaladjectiveUS /ˌtaɪpəˈɡræfɪkəl/

relating to or occurring or used in typography

From this reading Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

underscoresnounUS /ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/

plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)

From this reading Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

Chapter 1 of Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1 by John, -1808 Ireland holds 411 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 1 holds 411 sentences of Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1 by John, -1808 Ireland exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 411 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1

Common questions about reading Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1 by John, -1808 Ireland on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1?

Yes. All 2816 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #51821 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #51821, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1 take to read?

About 234 minutes of reading across 564 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1 section by section

How to work through Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 7 chapters of Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Denoted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Equal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Hogarth's Works, with Life and Anecdotal — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.