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Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2
Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 is here in full — 56 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2
Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.
Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!
However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.
The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"
Alas! all this is but too well known to the author, for the more he has looked about him, the more he has found it the case that perfect heroes are the only ones that meet with success in this world.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 is here in full — 56 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.
/ɪt ɪz ə ˈveri ˈduːbiəs ˈsɜːrkəmstæns ˈweðər ðə ˈhɪroʊ wiː hæv səˈlektɪd fɔːr ˈaʊər ˈstɔːri wɪl miːt wɪð mʌtʃ ˈfeɪvər æt ðə hændz ʌv ˈaʊər ˈriːdərz/
Line 2
Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!
Line 3
However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.
/ˌhaʊˈevər ˈkerfəli hiː meɪ dɪˈskraɪb hɪz ˈkerɪktər ənd wɜːr hiː ˈiːvɪn tuː drɔː hɪz ˈpɔːrtrət ˈbraɪtər ðæn ə ˈkrɪstəl ˈmɪrər hɪz ɪɡˈzɜːrʃənz hɪz ˈtælənts wɪl biː ˈvæljuːləs hɪz taɪm ənd ˈleɪbər θroʊn əˈweɪ/
Line 4
The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"
Line 5
Alas! all this is but too well known to the author, for the more he has looked about him, the more he has found it the case that perfect heroes are the only ones that meet with success in this world.
/əˈlæs ɔːl ðɪs ɪz bʌt tuː wel noʊn tuː ðə ˈɔːθər fɔːr ðə mɔːr hiː hæz lʊkt əˈbaʊt hɪm ðə mɔːr hiː hæz faʊnd ɪt ðə keɪs ðæt pərˈfekt ˈhɪroʊz ɑːr ðə ˈoʊnli wʌnz ðæt miːt wɪð səkˈses ɪn ðɪs wɜːrld/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

confidentially adverb US /ˌkɑːnfəˈdenʃəli/

in a confidential manner

From this reading “Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!”

dubious adjective US /ˈduːbiəs/

fraught with uncertainty or doubt

From this reading “It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.”

exertions noun US /ɪɡˈzɜːrʃənz/

plural of “exertion” — use of physical or mental energy; hard work

From this reading “However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.”

imperfection noun US /ˌɪmpərˈfekʃən/

the state or an instance of being imperfect

From this reading “Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!”

injure verb US /ˈɪndʒər/

cause injuries or bodily harm to

From this reading “The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"”

outset noun US /ˈaʊtset/

the time at which something is supposed to begin

From this reading “The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"”

uninteresting adjective US /əˈnɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing no interest or attention or curiosity or excitement

From this reading “The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"”

valueless adjective US /ˈvæljuːləs/

of no value

From this reading “However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

very outset adjective + noun

In this reading “The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"”

well known adverb + adjective

In this reading “Alas! all this is but too well known to the author, for the more he has looked about him, the more he has found it the case that perfect heroes are the only ones that meet with success in this world.”

fair ladies adjective + noun counted as “fair lady”

In this reading “The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"”

turn away verb + particle

move so as not face somebody or something

In this reading “The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"”

meet with verb + particle

In this reading “It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.”

looked about verb + particle counted as “look about”

In this reading “Alas! all this is but too well known to the author, for the more he has looked about him, the more he has found it the case that perfect heroes are the only ones that meet with success in this world.”

All words in this reading · 109

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Alas! all this is but too well known to the author, for the more he has looked about him, the more he has found it the case that perfect heroes are the only ones that meet with success in this world.

advanceverbUS /ədˈvæns/

move forward, also in the metaphorical sense

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

AlasexclamationUS /əˈlæs/

used to show sadness, pity, or regret

From this reading Alas! all this is but too well known to the author, for the more he has looked about him, the more he has found it the case that perfect heroes are the only ones that meet with success in this world.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Alas! all this is but too well known to the author, for the more he has looked about him, the more he has found it the case that perfect heroes are the only ones that meet with success in this world.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"

assertionnounUS /əˈsɜːrʃən/

a declaration that is made emphatically (as if no supporting evidence were necessary)

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

brighteradjectiveUS /ˈbraɪtər/

comparative of “bright” — emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

calculatedadjectiveUS /ˈkælkjəleɪtɪd/

carefully thought out in advance

From this reading The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"

carefullyadverbUS /ˈkerfəli/

taking care or paying attention

From this reading However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading Alas! all this is but too well known to the author, for the more he has looked about him, the more he has found it the case that perfect heroes are the only ones that meet with success in this world.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.

circumstancenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/

a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity

From this reading It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.

confidentiallyadverbUS /ˌkɑːnfəˈdenʃəli/

in a confidential manner

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

corporealadjective

having material or physical form or substance

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

corpulencenoun

the property of excessive fatness

From this reading The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"

creationnounUS /kriˈeɪʃən/

the human act of creating

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

crystalnounUS /ˈkrɪstəl/

a solid formed by the solidification of a chemical and having a highly regular atomic structure

From this reading However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.

describeverbUS /dɪˈskraɪb/

give a description of

From this reading However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.

disgustverbUS /dɪsˈɡʌst/

fill with distaste

From this reading The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"

drawverbUS /drɔː/

cause to move by pulling

From this reading However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.

dubiousadjectiveUS /ˈduːbiəs/

fraught with uncertainty or doubt

From this reading It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.

exertionsnounUS /ɪɡˈzɜːrʃənz/

plural of “exertion” — use of physical or mental energy; hard work

From this reading However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.

expectverbUS /ɪkˈspekt/

regard something as probable or likely

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"

favournounUS /ˈfeɪvər/

a feeling of favorable regard

From this reading It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.

Fie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Alas! all this is but too well known to the author, for the more he has looked about him, the more he has found it the case that perfect heroes are the only ones that meet with success in this world.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Alas! all this is but too well known to the author, for the more he has looked about him, the more he has found it the case that perfect heroes are the only ones that meet with success in this world.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

heronounUS /ˈhɪroʊ/

a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.

heroesnounUS /ˈhɪroʊz/

plural of “hero” — a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading Alas! all this is but too well known to the author, for the more he has looked about him, the more he has found it the case that perfect heroes are the only ones that meet with success in this world.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"

HoweveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

imperfectionnounUS /ˌɪmpərˈfekʃən/

the state or an instance of being imperfect

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"

injureverbUS /ˈɪndʒər/

cause injuries or bodily harm to

From this reading The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Alas! all this is but too well known to the author, for the more he has looked about him, the more he has found it the case that perfect heroes are the only ones that meet with success in this world.

labournounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.

LadiesnounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

plural of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Alas! all this is but too well known to the author, for the more he has looked about him, the more he has found it the case that perfect heroes are the only ones that meet with success in this world.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.

mentaladjectiveUS /ˈmentəl/

involving the mind or an intellectual process

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

middle-age

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"

mirrornounUS /ˈmɪrər/

polished surface that forms images by reflecting light

From this reading However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Alas! all this is but too well known to the author, for the more he has looked about him, the more he has found it the case that perfect heroes are the only ones that meet with success in this world.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.

onesnounUS /wʌnz/

plural of “one” — the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Alas! all this is but too well known to the author, for the more he has looked about him, the more he has found it the case that perfect heroes are the only ones that meet with success in this world.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Alas! all this is but too well known to the author, for the more he has looked about him, the more he has found it the case that perfect heroes are the only ones that meet with success in this world.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.

outsetnounUS /ˈaʊtset/

the time at which something is supposed to begin

From this reading The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"

perfectadjectiveUS /pərˈfekt/

being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

pleaseverbUS /pliːz/

give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

portraitnounUS /ˈpɔːrtrət/

a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

readersnounUS /ˈriːdərz/

plural of “reader” — a person who enjoys reading

From this reading It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"

selectedadjectiveUS /səˈlektɪd/

chosen in preference to another

From this reading It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.

slightestadjectiveUS /ˈslaɪtəst/

superlative of “slight” — (quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or (with “a”) at least some

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading Alas! all this is but too well known to the author, for the more he has looked about him, the more he has found it the case that perfect heroes are the only ones that meet with success in this world.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

talentsnounUS /ˈtælənts/

plural of “talent” — natural abilities or qualities

From this reading However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.

Tchichikoff

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Alas! all this is but too well known to the author, for the more he has looked about him, the more he has found it the case that perfect heroes are the only ones that meet with success in this world.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

thrownadjectiveUS /θroʊn/

caused to fall to the ground

From this reading However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Alas! all this is but too well known to the author, for the more he has looked about him, the more he has found it the case that perfect heroes are the only ones that meet with success in this world.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"

uglyadjectiveUS /ˈʌɡli/

displeasing to the senses

From this reading The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"

uninterestingadjectiveUS /əˈnɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing no interest or attention or curiosity or excitement

From this reading The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"

unpardonableadjective

not admitting of pardon

From this reading The very corpulence and middle-age of Tchichikoff are calculated to injure him from the very outset: corpulence is unpardonable in a hero, and many fair ladies will turn away in disgust, and say, "Fie! how ugly, how very uninteresting!"

valuelessadjectiveUS /ˈvæljuːləs/

of no value

From this reading However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Alas! all this is but too well known to the author, for the more he has looked about him, the more he has found it the case that perfect heroes are the only ones that meet with success in this world.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading However carefully he may describe his character, and were he even to draw his portrait brighter than a crystal mirror, his exertions, his talents, will be valueless, his time and labour thrown away.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It is a very dubious circumstance whether the hero we have selected for our story will meet with much favour at the hands of our readers.

woenounUS /woʊ/

misery resulting from affliction

From this reading Ladies he is sure not to please--and this assertion we advance confidentially--because ladies expect a hero to be a perfect creation, and if he present but the slightest mental or corporeal imperfection, then, woe to the author!

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Alas! all this is but too well known to the author, for the more he has looked about him, the more he has found it the case that perfect heroes are the only ones that meet with success in this world.

Chapter 4 of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 by Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol holds 56 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 56 sentences of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 by Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 56 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2

Common questions about reading Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 by Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2?

Yes. All 3725 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #58070 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #58070, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 take to read?

About 310 minutes of reading across 745 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 section by section

How to work through Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2

Words and structures a reader meets early in Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Russia
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Russian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Noble
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Revelations
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.