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Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2
Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 is here in full — 51 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.
At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.
It is very possible too, that this resolution arose from another, a more positive, a graver motive; perhaps, even an affair of the heart.
But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.
Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 is here in full — 51 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.
Line 2
At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.
Line 3
It is very possible too, that this resolution arose from another, a more positive, a graver motive; perhaps, even an affair of the heart.
/ɪt ɪz ˈveri ˈpɑːsəbəl tuː ðæt ðɪs ˌrezəˈluːʃən ərˈoʊz frʌm əˈnʌðər ə mɔːr ˈpɑːzətɪv ə ˈɡreɪvər ˈmoʊtɪv pərˈhæps ˈiːvɪn æn əˈfer ʌv ðə hɑːrt/
Line 4
But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.
/bʌt ʌv ɔːl ðɪs ðə ˈriːdər meɪ lɜːrn mɔːr baɪ dɪˈɡriːz ənd ɪn ˈprɑːpər taɪm ɪf hiː wɪl ˈoʊnli teɪk ðə ˈtrʌbəl ənd ˈmʌstər ðə ˈpeɪʃəns tuː red ɑːn ənd ˈfɑːloʊ ˈaʊər ˈtrævələr ɑːn hɪz ˈdʒɜːrniɪŋ/
Line 5
Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

coachman noun US /ˈkoʊtʃmən/

a man who drives a coach (or carriage)

From this reading “Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.”

graver noun US /ˈɡreɪvər/

a tool used by an engraver

From this reading “It is very possible too, that this resolution arose from another, a more positive, a graver motive; perhaps, even an affair of the heart.”

invitations noun US /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “invitation” — a request (spoken or written) to participate or be present or take part in something

From this reading “At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.”

journeying noun US /ˈdʒɜːrniɪŋ/

the act of traveling from one place to another

From this reading “But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.”

landowners noun US /ˈlændoʊnərz/

plural of “landowner” — a holder or proprietor of land

From this reading “At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.”

muster verb US /ˈmʌstər/

gather or bring together

From this reading “But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.”

portmanteau noun US /ˈpɔːrtmɑːntoʊ/

a new word formed by joining two others and combining their meanings

From this reading “Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.”

Smolensk noun US /smoʊˈlensk/

a city in western Russia on the Dnieper River; scene of severe fighting in World War II

From this reading “More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

pressing invitations noun + noun counted as “pressing invitation”

In this reading “At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.”

beyond the limits preposition + article + noun counted as “beyond … limit”

In this reading “At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.”

received instructions adjective + noun

In this reading “Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.”

common phrase adjective + noun

In this reading “More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.”

arose from verb + particle counted as “arise from”

In this reading “It is very possible too, that this resolution arose from another, a more positive, a graver motive; perhaps, even an affair of the heart.”

passed away verb + particle counted as “pass away”

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

In this reading “More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.”

by degrees preposition + noun counted as “by degree”

In this reading “But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.”

at home preposition + noun

a reception held in your own home

In this reading “Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.”

All words in this reading · 126

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

affairnounUS /əˈfer/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading It is very possible too, that this resolution arose from another, a more positive, a graver motive; perhaps, even an affair of the heart.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It is very possible too, that this resolution arose from another, a more positive, a graver motive; perhaps, even an affair of the heart.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading It is very possible too, that this resolution arose from another, a more positive, a graver motive; perhaps, even an affair of the heart.

apartmentnounUS /əˈpɑːrtmənt/

a suite of rooms usually on one floor of an apartment house

From this reading Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.

aroseverbUS /ərˈoʊz/

inflected form of “arise” — come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading It is very possible too, that this resolution arose from another, a more positive, a graver motive; perhaps, even an affair of the heart.

arrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

attendingnounUS /əˈtendɪŋ/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

britchka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.

civilities

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

coachmannounUS /ˈkoʊtʃmən/

a man who drives a coach (or carriage)

From this reading Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

degreesnounUS /dɪˈɡriːz/

plural of “degree” — a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

dinnernounUS /ˈdɪnər/

the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading It is very possible too, that this resolution arose from another, a more positive, a graver motive; perhaps, even an affair of the heart.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

extendingverbUS /ɪkˈstendɪŋ/

-ing form of “extend” — extend in scope or range or area

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.

formaladjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrməl/

being in accord with established forms and conventions and requirements (as e.g. of formal dress)

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It is very possible too, that this resolution arose from another, a more positive, a graver motive; perhaps, even an affair of the heart.

goesnounUS /ɡoʊz/

plural of “go” — a time period for working (after which you will be relieved by someone else)

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

gravernounUS /ˈɡreɪvər/

a tool used by an engraver

From this reading It is very possible too, that this resolution arose from another, a more positive, a graver motive; perhaps, even an affair of the heart.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading It is very possible too, that this resolution arose from another, a more positive, a graver motive; perhaps, even an affair of the heart.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

instructionsnounUS /ˌɪnˈstrʌkʃənz/

a manual usually accompanying a technical device and explaining how to install or operate it

From this reading Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.

invitationsnounUS /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “invitation” — a request (spoken or written) to participate or be present or take part in something

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is very possible too, that this resolution arose from another, a more positive, a graver motive; perhaps, even an affair of the heart.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is very possible too, that this resolution arose from another, a more positive, a graver motive; perhaps, even an affair of the heart.

journeyingnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrniɪŋ/

the act of traveling from one place to another

From this reading But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.

landownersnounUS /ˈlændoʊnərz/

plural of “landowner” — a holder or proprietor of land

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

learnverbUS /lɜːrn/

gain knowledge or skills

From this reading But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.

limitsnounUS /ˈlɪməts/

plural of “limit” — the greatest possible degree of something

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

Maniloff

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

master'snounUS /ˈmæstərz/

possessive form of “master” — an artist of consummate skill

From this reading Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.

moment'snounUS /ˈmoʊmənts/

possessive form of “moment” — a particular point in time

From this reading Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.

MoreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

motivenounUS /ˈmoʊtɪv/

the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior

From this reading It is very possible too, that this resolution arose from another, a more positive, a graver motive; perhaps, even an affair of the heart.

musterverbUS /ˈmʌstər/

gather or bring together

From this reading But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.

noticenounUS /ˈnoʊtəs/

an announcement containing information about an event

From this reading Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.

orderedadjectiveUS /ˈɔːrdərd/

having a systematic arrangement; especially having elements succeeding in order according to rule

From this reading Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.

partiesnounUS /ˈpɑːrtiz/

plural of “party” — an organization to gain political power

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

patiencenounUS /ˈpeɪʃəns/

good-natured tolerance of delay or incompetence

From this reading But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.

payingadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪɪŋ/

yielding a fair profit

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading It is very possible too, that this resolution arose from another, a more positive, a graver motive; perhaps, even an affair of the heart.

Petruschka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.

phrasenounUS /freɪz/

an expression consisting of one or more words forming a grammatical constituent of a sentence

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

pleasantlyadverbUS /ˈplezəntli/

in a cheerful manner

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

portmanteaunounUS /ˈpɔːrtmɑːntoʊ/

a new word formed by joining two others and combining their meanings

From this reading Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.

positiveadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːzətɪv/

characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance or certainty etc.

From this reading It is very possible too, that this resolution arose from another, a more positive, a graver motive; perhaps, even an affair of the heart.

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading It is very possible too, that this resolution arose from another, a more positive, a graver motive; perhaps, even an affair of the heart.

pressingnounUS /ˈpresɪŋ/

the act of pressing; the exertion of pressure

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

promiseverbUS /ˈprɑːməs/

make a promise or commitment

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

properadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːpər/

marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness

From this reading But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.

resolutionnounUS /ˌrezəˈluːʃən/

a formal expression by a meeting; agreed to by a vote

From this reading It is very possible too, that this resolution arose from another, a more positive, a graver motive; perhaps, even an affair of the heart.

resolvedadjectiveUS /riˈzɑːlvd/

determined

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

Selifan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.

servantnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənt/

a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

SmolensknounUS /smoʊˈlensk/

a city in western Russia on the Dnieper River; scene of severe fighting in World War II

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

Sobakevitch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

startverbUS /stɑːrt/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.

stayverbUS /steɪ/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.

Tchichikoff's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is very possible too, that this resolution arose from another, a more positive, a graver motive; perhaps, even an affair of the heart.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It is very possible too, that this resolution arose from another, a more positive, a graver motive; perhaps, even an affair of the heart.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading It is very possible too, that this resolution arose from another, a more positive, a graver motive; perhaps, even an affair of the heart.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

travellernounUS /ˈtrævələr/

a person who changes location

From this reading But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.

troublenounUS /ˈtrʌbəl/

a source of difficulty

From this reading But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

vicinitynounUS /vəˈsɪnəti/

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

visitsnounUS /ˈvɪzɪts/

plural of “visit” — the act of going to see some person or place or thing for a short time

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Selifan, the coachman, had received instructions to be ready early in the morning, and to have his horses and the britchka ready to start at a moment's notice; Petruschka, his servant, was ordered to stay at home, and mind his master's apartment and his portmanteau.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading More than a week had already passed away since Tchichikoff's arrival in Smolensk, during which time he had continued paying morning visits and attending dinner and evening parties, and in so doing, had spent--as the common phrase goes--his time very pleasantly.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading At last he determined upon extending his civilities beyond the limits of the town, and resolved to turn his attention to the pressing invitations of the landowners in the vicinity; among whom Maniloff and Sobakevitch were those to whom he had made a formal promise.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading But of all this the reader may learn more by degrees, and in proper time, if he will only take the trouble, and muster the patience, to read on and follow our traveller on his journeying.

Chapter 8 of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 by Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol holds 51 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 contain?

Chapter 8 holds 51 sentences of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 by Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 51 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2

Common questions about reading Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 by Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2?

Yes. All 3725 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #58070 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #58070, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 take to read?

About 310 minutes of reading across 745 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 section by section

How to work through Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 to begin.

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2

Words and structures a reader meets early in Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Russia
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Russian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Noble
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Revelations
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.