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Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2
Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 is here in full — 26 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/5 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Our hero, however, felt happy and in the best disposition of mind without the old man's watch.
For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.
He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.
As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.
Twilight began to merge into darkness of the evening, when the britchka approached the town.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 is here in full — 26 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/5 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Our hero, however, felt happy and in the best disposition of mind without the old man's watch.
/ˈaʊər ˈhɪroʊ ˌhaʊˈevər felt ˈhæpi ənd ɪn ðə best ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən ʌv maɪnd wɪˈθaʊt ðə oʊld mænz wɑːtʃ/
Line 2
For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.
Line 3
He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.
Line 4
As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.
Line 5
Twilight began to merge into darkness of the evening, when the britchka approached the town.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

acquisition noun US /ˌækwəˈzɪʃən/

the act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

From this reading “For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.”

advantageous adjective US /ˌædvənˈteɪdʒəs/

giving an advantage

From this reading “For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.”

anticipations noun US /ænˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃənz/

plural of “anticipation” — an expectation

From this reading “As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.”

census noun US /ˈsensəs/

a periodic count of the population

From this reading “He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.”

mastering noun US /ˈmæstərɪŋ/

becoming proficient in the use of something; having mastery of

From this reading “For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.”

merge verb US /mɜːrdʒ/

become one

From this reading “Twilight began to merge into darkness of the evening, when the britchka approached the town.”

serfs noun US /sɜːrfs/

plural of “serf” — (Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord

From this reading “He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.”

speculations noun US /ˌspekjəˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “speculation” — a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

From this reading “For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

most advantageous adverb + adjective

In this reading “For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.”

most valuable adverb + adjective

In this reading “For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.”

brilliant success adjective + noun

In this reading “As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.”

two hundred noun + noun

being ten more than one hundred ninety

In this reading “He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.”

old man's adjective + noun counted as “old man”

a man who is very old

In this reading “Our hero, however, felt happy and in the best disposition of mind without the old man's watch.”

of course preposition + noun

as might be expected

In this reading “As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.”

All words in this reading · 109

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

acknowledgedadjectiveUS /ækˈnɑːlɪdʒd/

recognized or made known or admitted

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

acquisitionnounUS /ˌækwəˈzɪʃən/

the act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

actuallyadverbUS /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

advantageousadjectiveUS /ˌædvənˈteɪdʒəs/

giving an advantage

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

aliveadjectiveUS /əˈlaɪv/

possessing life

From this reading He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Our hero, however, felt happy and in the best disposition of mind without the old man's watch.

anticipationsnounUS /ænˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃənz/

plural of “anticipation” — an expectation

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

approachedverbUS /əˈproʊtʃt/

past form of “approach” — move towards

From this reading Twilight began to merge into darkness of the evening, when the britchka approached the town.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Twilight began to merge into darkness of the evening, when the britchka approached the town.

beingsnounUS /ˈbiːɪŋz/

plural of “being” — the state or fact of existing

From this reading He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Our hero, however, felt happy and in the best disposition of mind without the old man's watch.

brilliantadjectiveUS /ˈbrɪljənt/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

britchka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Twilight began to merge into darkness of the evening, when the britchka approached the town.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

censusnounUS /ˈsensəs/

a periodic count of the population

From this reading He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

crownnounUS /kraʊn/

the Crown (or the reigning monarch) as the symbol of the power and authority of a monarchy

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

darknessnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading Twilight began to merge into darkness of the evening, when the britchka approached the town.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

dispositionnounUS /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən/

your usual mood

From this reading Our hero, however, felt happy and in the best disposition of mind without the old man's watch.

drivingadjectiveUS /ˈdraɪvɪŋ/

having the power of driving or impelling

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading Twilight began to merge into darkness of the evening, when the britchka approached the town.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading Our hero, however, felt happy and in the best disposition of mind without the old man's watch.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

giftnounUS /ɡɪft/

something acquired without compensation

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.

guessingnounUS /ˈɡesɪŋ/

an estimate based on little or no information

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

happenverbUS /ˈhæpən/

come to pass

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading Our hero, however, felt happy and in the best disposition of mind without the old man's watch.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

heronounUS /ˈhɪroʊ/

a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading Our hero, however, felt happy and in the best disposition of mind without the old man's watch.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Our hero, however, felt happy and in the best disposition of mind without the old man's watch.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Our hero, however, felt happy and in the best disposition of mind without the old man's watch.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Twilight began to merge into darkness of the evening, when the britchka approached the town.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

joynounUS /dʒɔɪ/

the emotion of great happiness

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Our hero, however, felt happy and in the best disposition of mind without the old man's watch.

mansionnounUS /ˈmænʃən/

(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

masteringnounUS /ˈmæstərɪŋ/

becoming proficient in the use of something; having mastery of

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.

mergeverbUS /mɜːrdʒ/

become one

From this reading Twilight began to merge into darkness of the evening, when the britchka approached the town.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Our hero, however, felt happy and in the best disposition of mind without the old man's watch.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Our hero, however, felt happy and in the best disposition of mind without the old man's watch.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Our hero, however, felt happy and in the best disposition of mind without the old man's watch.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.

OurdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Our hero, however, felt happy and in the best disposition of mind without the old man's watch.

Pluschkin's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

presentimentnoun

a feeling of evil to come

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

regularadjectiveUS /ˈreɡjələr/

in accordance with fixed order or procedure or principle

From this reading He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.

run-away

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

serfsnounUS /sɜːrfs/

plural of “serf” — (Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord

From this reading He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.

slavesnounUS /sleɪvz/

plural of “slave” — a person who is owned by someone

From this reading He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

speculationsnounUS /ˌspekjəˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “speculation” — a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

stocknounUS /stɑːk/

the capital raised by a corporation through the issue of shares entitling holders to an ownership interest

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Our hero, however, felt happy and in the best disposition of mind without the old man's watch.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Twilight began to merge into darkness of the evening, when the britchka approached the town.

TwilightnounUS /ˈtwaɪlaɪt/

the time of day immediately following sunset

From this reading Twilight began to merge into darkness of the evening, when the britchka approached the town.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.

unexpectedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd/

not expected or anticipated

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

unheard-ofadjective

previously unknown

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

unusualadjectiveUS /əˈnjuːʒuːəl/

not usual or common or ordinary

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

valuableadjectiveUS /ˈvæljəbəl/

having great material or monetary value especially for use or exchange

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For such an unexpected acquisition of stock was in his opinion a most valuable gift, and he had really every difficulty in mastering his joy; but then it was also one of the most advantageous speculations--though certainly of an unheard-of nature--that he had ever made in his life.

watchverbUS /wɑːtʃ/

look attentively

From this reading Our hero, however, felt happy and in the best disposition of mind without the old man's watch.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Twilight began to merge into darkness of the evening, when the britchka approached the town.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading He got for a mere nothing, not only dead, but even run-away serfs, in all more than two hundred regular census slaves, and to him, whether dead or alive, most valuable beings.

whilstconjunctionUS /waɪlst/

an old and formal word for “while”

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Our hero, however, felt happy and in the best disposition of mind without the old man's watch.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading As a matter of course, it must be acknowledged that whilst driving up to Pluschkin's mansion, he had a secret presentiment that something unusual would happen to him; but certainly he was far from guessing that such a brilliant success would actually crown his anticipations.

Chapter 23 of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 by Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol holds 26 sentences, grouped into 6 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 contain?

Chapter 23 holds 26 sentences of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2, unabridged, divided into 6 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 by Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 26 sentences, grouped into 6 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2?

Work through the 6 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 6 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2

Common questions about reading Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 by Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2?

Yes. All 3725 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #58070 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #58070, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 take to read?

About 310 minutes of reading across 745 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 section by section

How to work through Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2

Words and structures a reader meets early in Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Russia
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Russian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Noble
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Revelations
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Home Life in Russia, Volumes 1 and 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.