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How Jack Mackenzie won his epaulettes
How Jack Mackenzie won his epaulettes

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of How Jack Mackenzie won his epaulettes is here in full — 106 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
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THE VICTORIOUS CHARGE OF THE HEAVY BRIGADE--THE SCOTCH WIFE AND THE TURKS--THE LIGHT BRIGADE, AND THEIR AWFUL CHARGE.
Meanwhile, where was Menschikoff?
That question may well begin a fresh chapter.
He had gone north, as I have said, to keep the communications open, and he did so most effectually.
Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

How Jack Mackenzie won his epaulettes

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of How Jack Mackenzie won his epaulettes is here in full — 106 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE VICTORIOUS CHARGE OF THE HEAVY BRIGADE--THE SCOTCH WIFE AND THE TURKS--THE LIGHT BRIGADE, AND THEIR AWFUL CHARGE.
Line 2
Meanwhile, where was Menschikoff?
Line 3
That question may well begin a fresh chapter.
/ðæt ˈkwestʃən meɪ wel bɪˈɡɪn ə freʃ ˈtʃæptər/
Line 4
He had gone north, as I have said, to keep the communications open, and he did so most effectually.
Line 5
Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

brigade noun US /brəˈɡeɪd/

army unit smaller than a division

From this reading “THE VICTORIOUS CHARGE OF THE HEAVY BRIGADE--THE SCOTCH WIFE AND THE TURKS--THE LIGHT BRIGADE, AND THEIR AWFUL CHARGE.”

communications noun US /kəˌmjuːnəˈkeɪʃənz/

the discipline that studies the principles of transmiting information and the methods by which it is delivered (as print or radio or television etc.)

From this reading “He had gone north, as I have said, to keep the communications open, and he did so most effectually.”

horsemen noun US /ˈhɔːrsmən/

plural of “horseman” — a man skilled in equitation

From this reading “Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.”

reinforcements noun US /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrsmənts/

plural of “reinforcement” — a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission

From this reading “Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.”

Russia noun US /ˈrʌʃə/

a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991

From this reading “Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.”

swelled adjective US /sweld/

feeling self-importance

From this reading “Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.”

turks noun US /tɜːrks/

plural of “turk” — a native or inhabitant of Turkey

From this reading “THE VICTORIOUS CHARGE OF THE HEAVY BRIGADE--THE SCOTCH WIFE AND THE TURKS--THE LIGHT BRIGADE, AND THEIR AWFUL CHARGE.”

victorious adjective US /vɪkˈtɔːriəs/

having won

From this reading “THE VICTORIOUS CHARGE OF THE HEAVY BRIGADE--THE SCOTCH WIFE AND THE TURKS--THE LIGHT BRIGADE, AND THEIR AWFUL CHARGE.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

in addition preposition + noun

In this reading “Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.”

CHARGE OF verb + particle

In this reading “THE VICTORIOUS CHARGE OF THE HEAVY BRIGADE--THE SCOTCH WIFE AND THE TURKS--THE LIGHT BRIGADE, AND THEIR AWFUL CHARGE.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

12,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

22,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

3,500

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

78

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading That question may well begin a fresh chapter.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

additionnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/

a component that is added to something to improve it

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE VICTORIOUS CHARGE OF THE HEAVY BRIGADE--THE SCOTCH WIFE AND THE TURKS--THE LIGHT BRIGADE, AND THEIR AWFUL CHARGE.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He had gone north, as I have said, to keep the communications open, and he did so most effectually.

AWFULadjectiveUS /ˈɑːfəl/

exceptionally bad or displeasing

From this reading THE VICTORIOUS CHARGE OF THE HEAVY BRIGADE--THE SCOTCH WIFE AND THE TURKS--THE LIGHT BRIGADE, AND THEIR AWFUL CHARGE.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

beginverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading That question may well begin a fresh chapter.

besidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

BRIGADEnounUS /brəˈɡeɪd/

army unit smaller than a division

From this reading THE VICTORIOUS CHARGE OF THE HEAVY BRIGADE--THE SCOTCH WIFE AND THE TURKS--THE LIGHT BRIGADE, AND THEIR AWFUL CHARGE.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading That question may well begin a fresh chapter.

CHARGEverbUS /tʃɑːrdʒ/

to make a rush at or sudden attack upon, as in battle

From this reading THE VICTORIOUS CHARGE OF THE HEAVY BRIGADE--THE SCOTCH WIFE AND THE TURKS--THE LIGHT BRIGADE, AND THEIR AWFUL CHARGE.

communicationsnounUS /kəˌmjuːnəˈkeɪʃənz/

the discipline that studies the principles of transmiting information and the methods by which it is delivered (as print or radio or television etc.)

From this reading He had gone north, as I have said, to keep the communications open, and he did so most effectually.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading He had gone north, as I have said, to keep the communications open, and he did so most effectually.

effectuallyadverb

in an effectual manner

From this reading He had gone north, as I have said, to keep the communications open, and he did so most effectually.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading That question may well begin a fresh chapter.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading He had gone north, as I have said, to keep the communications open, and he did so most effectually.

gunsnounUS /ɡʌnz/

plural of “gun” — a weapon that discharges a missile at high velocity (especially from a metal tube or barrel)

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had gone north, as I have said, to keep the communications open, and he did so most effectually.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He had gone north, as I have said, to keep the communications open, and he did so most effectually.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had gone north, as I have said, to keep the communications open, and he did so most effectually.

HEAVYadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading THE VICTORIOUS CHARGE OF THE HEAVY BRIGADE--THE SCOTCH WIFE AND THE TURKS--THE LIGHT BRIGADE, AND THEIR AWFUL CHARGE.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

horsemennounUS /ˈhɔːrsmən/

plural of “horseman” — a man skilled in equitation

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading He had gone north, as I have said, to keep the communications open, and he did so most effectually.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading He had gone north, as I have said, to keep the communications open, and he did so most effectually.

LIGHTadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading THE VICTORIOUS CHARGE OF THE HEAVY BRIGADE--THE SCOTCH WIFE AND THE TURKS--THE LIGHT BRIGADE, AND THEIR AWFUL CHARGE.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading That question may well begin a fresh chapter.

MeanwhileadverbUS /ˈmiːnwaɪl/

at the same time but in another place

From this reading Meanwhile, where was Menschikoff?

Menschikoff

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Meanwhile, where was Menschikoff?

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading He had gone north, as I have said, to keep the communications open, and he did so most effectually.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading He had gone north, as I have said, to keep the communications open, and he did so most effectually.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE VICTORIOUS CHARGE OF THE HEAVY BRIGADE--THE SCOTCH WIFE AND THE TURKS--THE LIGHT BRIGADE, AND THEIR AWFUL CHARGE.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading He had gone north, as I have said, to keep the communications open, and he did so most effectually.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading That question may well begin a fresh chapter.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

reinforcementsnounUS /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrsmənts/

plural of “reinforcement” — a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

RussianounUS /ˈrʌʃə/

a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading He had gone north, as I have said, to keep the communications open, and he did so most effectually.

SCOTCHnounUS /skɑːtʃ/

a slight surface cut (especially a notch that is made to keep a tally)

From this reading THE VICTORIOUS CHARGE OF THE HEAVY BRIGADE--THE SCOTCH WIFE AND THE TURKS--THE LIGHT BRIGADE, AND THEIR AWFUL CHARGE.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He had gone north, as I have said, to keep the communications open, and he did so most effectually.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

swelledadjectiveUS /sweld/

feeling self-importance

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That question may well begin a fresh chapter.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE VICTORIOUS CHARGE OF THE HEAVY BRIGADE--THE SCOTCH WIFE AND THE TURKS--THE LIGHT BRIGADE, AND THEIR AWFUL CHARGE.

THEIRdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE VICTORIOUS CHARGE OF THE HEAVY BRIGADE--THE SCOTCH WIFE AND THE TURKS--THE LIGHT BRIGADE, AND THEIR AWFUL CHARGE.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He had gone north, as I have said, to keep the communications open, and he did so most effectually.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

TURKSnounUS /tɜːrks/

plural of “turk” — a native or inhabitant of Turkey

From this reading THE VICTORIOUS CHARGE OF THE HEAVY BRIGADE--THE SCOTCH WIFE AND THE TURKS--THE LIGHT BRIGADE, AND THEIR AWFUL CHARGE.

VICTORIOUSadjectiveUS /vɪkˈtɔːriəs/

having won

From this reading THE VICTORIOUS CHARGE OF THE HEAVY BRIGADE--THE SCOTCH WIFE AND THE TURKS--THE LIGHT BRIGADE, AND THEIR AWFUL CHARGE.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Meanwhile, where was Menschikoff?

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading That question may well begin a fresh chapter.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Meanwhile, where was Menschikoff?

WIFEnounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading THE VICTORIOUS CHARGE OF THE HEAVY BRIGADE--THE SCOTCH WIFE AND THE TURKS--THE LIGHT BRIGADE, AND THEIR AWFUL CHARGE.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Not only did he get 12,000 troops around him that had not yet been in action, but soon received reinforcements from Russia, in addition to these, till his army swelled to 22,000, besides 3,500 horsemen and 78 guns.

Chapter 21 of How Jack Mackenzie won his epaulettes by Gordon Stables holds 106 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of How Jack Mackenzie won his epaulettes contain?

Chapter 21 holds 106 sentences of How Jack Mackenzie won his epaulettes, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of How Jack Mackenzie won his epaulettes by Gordon Stables exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 106 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of How Jack Mackenzie won his epaulettes?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Words and structures a reader meets early in How Jack Mackenzie won his epaulettes, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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