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How to become a scientist
How to become a scientist

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of How to become a scientist is here in full — 446 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for How to become a scientist
Context Illustration Reading 1/89 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_), text enclosed by equal signs is in bold (=bold=), and _{} encloses subscripted material.
The whole number part of a mixed fraction is separated from the fractional part with -, for example, 2-1/2.
How to Become a Scientist.
GIVING Interesting and Instructive Experiments IN CHEMISTRY, Mechanics, Acoustics AND PYROTECHNICS.
ALSO CONTAINING MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS and PUZZLES BOTH USEFUL AND AMUSING.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

How to become a scientist

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of How to become a scientist is here in full — 446 sentences across 90 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/89 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_), text enclosed by equal signs is in bold (=bold=), and _{} encloses subscripted material.
Line 2
The whole number part of a mixed fraction is separated from the fractional part with -, for example, 2-1/2.
Line 3
How to Become a Scientist.
Line 4
GIVING Interesting and Instructive Experiments IN CHEMISTRY, Mechanics, Acoustics AND PYROTECHNICS.
/ˈɡɪvɪŋ ˈɪntrəstɪŋ ənd ˌɪnˈstrʌktɪv ɪkˈsperəmənts ɪn ˈkeməstri məˈkænɪks əˈkuːstɪks ənd ˌpaɪroʊˈteknɪks/
Line 5
ALSO CONTAINING MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS and PUZZLES BOTH USEFUL AND AMUSING.
/ˈɔːlsoʊ kənˈteɪnɪŋ ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəl ˈprɑːbləmz ənd ˈpʌzəlz boʊθ ˈjuːsfəl ənd əˈmjuːzɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Acoustics noun US /əˈkuːstɪks/

the study of the physical properties of sound

From this reading “GIVING Interesting and Instructive Experiments IN CHEMISTRY, Mechanics, Acoustics AND PYROTECHNICS.”

chemistry noun US /ˈkeməstri/

the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions

From this reading “GIVING Interesting and Instructive Experiments IN CHEMISTRY, Mechanics, Acoustics AND PYROTECHNICS.”

fractional adjective US /ˈfrækʃənəl/

constituting or comprising a part or fraction of a possible whole or entirety

From this reading “The whole number part of a mixed fraction is separated from the fractional part with -, for example, 2-1/2.”

italics noun US /aɪˈtælɪks/

plural of “italic” — a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading “Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_), text enclosed by equal signs is in bold (=bold=), and _{} encloses subscripted material.”

Mechanics noun US /məˈkænɪks/

the branch of physics concerned with the motion of bodies in a frame of reference

From this reading “GIVING Interesting and Instructive Experiments IN CHEMISTRY, Mechanics, Acoustics AND PYROTECHNICS.”

puzzles noun US /ˈpʌzəlz/

plural of “puzzle” — a particularly baffling problem that is said to have a correct solution

From this reading “ALSO CONTAINING MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS and PUZZLES BOTH USEFUL AND AMUSING.”

pyrotechnics noun US /ˌpaɪroʊˈteknɪks/

(music) brilliance of display (as in the performance of music)

From this reading “GIVING Interesting and Instructive Experiments IN CHEMISTRY, Mechanics, Acoustics AND PYROTECHNICS.”

underscores noun US /ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/

plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)

From this reading “Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_), text enclosed by equal signs is in bold (=bold=), and _{} encloses subscripted material.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

for example preposition + noun

as an example

In this reading “The whole number part of a mixed fraction is separated from the fractional part with -, for example, 2-1/2.”

All words in this reading · 50

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The whole number part of a mixed fraction is separated from the fractional part with -, for example, 2-1/2.

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The whole number part of a mixed fraction is separated from the fractional part with -, for example, 2-1/2.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The whole number part of a mixed fraction is separated from the fractional part with -, for example, 2-1/2.

AcousticsnounUS /əˈkuːstɪks/

the study of the physical properties of sound

From this reading GIVING Interesting and Instructive Experiments IN CHEMISTRY, Mechanics, Acoustics AND PYROTECHNICS.

ALSOadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading ALSO CONTAINING MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS and PUZZLES BOTH USEFUL AND AMUSING.

AMUSINGadjectiveUS /əˈmjuːzɪŋ/

providing enjoyment; pleasantly entertaining

From this reading ALSO CONTAINING MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS and PUZZLES BOTH USEFUL AND AMUSING.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_), text enclosed by equal signs is in bold (=bold=), and _{} encloses subscripted material.

BecomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading How to Become a Scientist.

boldadjectiveUS /boʊld/

fearless and daring

From this reading Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_), text enclosed by equal signs is in bold (=bold=), and _{} encloses subscripted material.

BOTHdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading ALSO CONTAINING MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS and PUZZLES BOTH USEFUL AND AMUSING.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_), text enclosed by equal signs is in bold (=bold=), and _{} encloses subscripted material.

CHEMISTRYnounUS /ˈkeməstri/

the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions

From this reading GIVING Interesting and Instructive Experiments IN CHEMISTRY, Mechanics, Acoustics AND PYROTECHNICS.

CONTAININGverbUS /kənˈteɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “contain” — include or contain; have as a component

From this reading ALSO CONTAINING MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS and PUZZLES BOTH USEFUL AND AMUSING.

enclosedadjectiveUS /enˈkloʊzd/

closed in or surrounded or included within

From this reading Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_), text enclosed by equal signs is in bold (=bold=), and _{} encloses subscripted material.

encloses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_), text enclosed by equal signs is in bold (=bold=), and _{} encloses subscripted material.

equalverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_), text enclosed by equal signs is in bold (=bold=), and _{} encloses subscripted material.

examplenounUS /ɪɡˈzæmpəl/

an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading The whole number part of a mixed fraction is separated from the fractional part with -, for example, 2-1/2.

ExperimentsnounUS /ɪkˈsperəmənts/

plural of “experiment” — the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation

From this reading GIVING Interesting and Instructive Experiments IN CHEMISTRY, Mechanics, Acoustics AND PYROTECHNICS.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The whole number part of a mixed fraction is separated from the fractional part with -, for example, 2-1/2.

fractionnounUS /ˈfrækʃən/

a component of a mixture that has been separated by a fractional process

From this reading The whole number part of a mixed fraction is separated from the fractional part with -, for example, 2-1/2.

fractionaladjectiveUS /ˈfrækʃənəl/

constituting or comprising a part or fraction of a possible whole or entirety

From this reading The whole number part of a mixed fraction is separated from the fractional part with -, for example, 2-1/2.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The whole number part of a mixed fraction is separated from the fractional part with -, for example, 2-1/2.

GIVINGnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading GIVING Interesting and Instructive Experiments IN CHEMISTRY, Mechanics, Acoustics AND PYROTECHNICS.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How to Become a Scientist.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_), text enclosed by equal signs is in bold (=bold=), and _{} encloses subscripted material.

InstructiveadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈstrʌktɪv/

serving to instruct or enlighten or inform

From this reading GIVING Interesting and Instructive Experiments IN CHEMISTRY, Mechanics, Acoustics AND PYROTECHNICS.

InterestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading GIVING Interesting and Instructive Experiments IN CHEMISTRY, Mechanics, Acoustics AND PYROTECHNICS.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_), text enclosed by equal signs is in bold (=bold=), and _{} encloses subscripted material.

italicsnounUS /aɪˈtælɪks/

plural of “italic” — a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_), text enclosed by equal signs is in bold (=bold=), and _{} encloses subscripted material.

materialadjectiveUS /məˈtɪriəl/

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests

From this reading Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_), text enclosed by equal signs is in bold (=bold=), and _{} encloses subscripted material.

MATHEMATICALadjectiveUS /ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəl/

of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics

From this reading ALSO CONTAINING MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS and PUZZLES BOTH USEFUL AND AMUSING.

MechanicsnounUS /məˈkænɪks/

the branch of physics concerned with the motion of bodies in a frame of reference

From this reading GIVING Interesting and Instructive Experiments IN CHEMISTRY, Mechanics, Acoustics AND PYROTECHNICS.

mixedadjectiveUS /mɪkst/

consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds

From this reading The whole number part of a mixed fraction is separated from the fractional part with -, for example, 2-1/2.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading The whole number part of a mixed fraction is separated from the fractional part with -, for example, 2-1/2.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The whole number part of a mixed fraction is separated from the fractional part with -, for example, 2-1/2.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The whole number part of a mixed fraction is separated from the fractional part with -, for example, 2-1/2.

PROBLEMSnounUS /ˈprɑːbləmz/

plural of “problem” — a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved

From this reading ALSO CONTAINING MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS and PUZZLES BOTH USEFUL AND AMUSING.

PUZZLESnounUS /ˈpʌzəlz/

plural of “puzzle” — a particularly baffling problem that is said to have a correct solution

From this reading ALSO CONTAINING MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS and PUZZLES BOTH USEFUL AND AMUSING.

PYROTECHNICSnounUS /ˌpaɪroʊˈteknɪks/

(music) brilliance of display (as in the performance of music)

From this reading GIVING Interesting and Instructive Experiments IN CHEMISTRY, Mechanics, Acoustics AND PYROTECHNICS.

ScientistnounUS /ˈsaɪəntɪst/

a person with advanced knowledge of one or more sciences

From this reading How to Become a Scientist.

separatedadjectiveUS /ˈsepəreɪtɪd/

being or feeling set or kept apart from others

From this reading The whole number part of a mixed fraction is separated from the fractional part with -, for example, 2-1/2.

signsnounUS /saɪnz/

plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_), text enclosed by equal signs is in bold (=bold=), and _{} encloses subscripted material.

subscripted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_), text enclosed by equal signs is in bold (=bold=), and _{} encloses subscripted material.

TextnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_), text enclosed by equal signs is in bold (=bold=), and _{} encloses subscripted material.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The whole number part of a mixed fraction is separated from the fractional part with -, for example, 2-1/2.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading How to Become a Scientist.

underscoresnounUS /ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/

plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)

From this reading Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_), text enclosed by equal signs is in bold (=bold=), and _{} encloses subscripted material.

USEFULadjectiveUS /ˈjuːsfəl/

being of use or service

From this reading ALSO CONTAINING MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS and PUZZLES BOTH USEFUL AND AMUSING.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading The whole number part of a mixed fraction is separated from the fractional part with -, for example, 2-1/2.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The whole number part of a mixed fraction is separated from the fractional part with -, for example, 2-1/2.

Chapter 1 of How to become a scientist by Aaron A. Warford holds 446 sentences, grouped into 90 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of How to become a scientist contain?

Chapter 1 holds 446 sentences of How to become a scientist, unabridged, divided into 90 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of How to become a scientist by Aaron A. Warford exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 446 sentences, grouped into 90 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of How to become a scientist?

Work through the 90 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 90 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading How to become a scientist

Common questions about reading How to become a scientist by Aaron A. Warford on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of How to become a scientist?

Yes. All 1315 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #71522 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of How to become a scientist is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #71522, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does How to become a scientist take to read?

About 109 minutes of reading across 263 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read How to become a scientist section by section

How to work through How to become a scientist section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 3 chapters of How to become a scientist to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in How to become a scientist

Words and structures a reader meets early in How to become a scientist, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Enclosed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of How to become a scientist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of How to become a scientist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Italics
A word that appears in the opening chapter of How to become a scientist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Equal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of How to become a scientist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.