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How to become a scientist
How to become a scientist

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of How to become a scientist is here in full — 435 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/87 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Sulphur.
Sulphur, or brimstone, as it is frequently called, is sold in the form of sticks, or _roll_ brimstone, or in fine powder called flowers of brimstone.
It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.
Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!
Sulphur is largely used in the arts, principally in the manufacture of gunpowder, and fireworks of various kinds.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

How to become a scientist

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of How to become a scientist is here in full — 435 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/87 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Sulphur.
/ˈsʌlfər/
Line 2
Sulphur, or brimstone, as it is frequently called, is sold in the form of sticks, or _roll_ brimstone, or in fine powder called flowers of brimstone.
/ˈsʌlfər ɔːr ˈbrɪmstoʊn æz ɪt ɪz ˈfriːkwəntli kɔːld ɪz soʊld ɪn ðə fɔːrm ʌv stɪks ɔːr roʊl ˈbrɪmstoʊn ɔːr ɪn faɪn ˈpaʊdər kɔːld ˈflaʊərz ʌv ˈbrɪmstoʊn/
Line 3
It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.
Line 4
Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!
/ˈwɔːtər hæz noʊ ɪˈfekt ɑːn ɪt æz meɪ biː siːn ɪn ðə pænz pleɪst fɔːr pet dɑːɡz tuː drɪŋk aʊt ʌv wer ðə seɪm piːs ʌv ˈbrɪmstoʊn laɪz fɔːr jɪrz ɪnˈtaɪərli əˈnɔːltərd ðoʊ ɪt ɪz səˈpoʊzd tuː prɪˈvent ðə dɑːɡz frʌm ˈhævɪŋ ðə meɪndʒ/
Line 5
Sulphur is largely used in the arts, principally in the manufacture of gunpowder, and fireworks of various kinds.
/ˈsʌlfər ɪz ˈlɑːrdʒli juːzd ɪn ðə ɑːrts ˈprɪnsɪpli ɪn ðə ˌmænjəˈfæktʃər ʌv ˈɡʌnpaʊdər ənd ˈfaɪrwɜːrks ʌv ˈveriəs kaɪndz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attracting verb US /əˈtræktɪŋ/

-ing form of “attract” — direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes

From this reading “It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.”

brimstone noun US /ˈbrɪmstoʊn/

an old name for sulfur

From this reading “Sulphur, or brimstone, as it is frequently called, is sold in the form of sticks, or _roll_ brimstone, or in fine powder called flowers of brimstone.”

fireworks noun US /ˈfaɪrwɜːrks/

plural of “firework” — (usually plural) a device with an explosive that burns at a low rate and with colored flames; can be used to illuminate areas or send signals etc.

From this reading “Sulphur is largely used in the arts, principally in the manufacture of gunpowder, and fireworks of various kinds.”

gunpowder noun US /ˈɡʌnpaʊdər/

a mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur in a 75:15:10 ratio which is used in gunnery, time fuses, and fireworks

From this reading “Sulphur is largely used in the arts, principally in the manufacture of gunpowder, and fireworks of various kinds.”

mange noun US /meɪndʒ/

a persistent and contagious disease of the skin causing inflammation and itching and loss of hair; affects domestic animals (and sometimes people)

From this reading “Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!”

repelling adjective US /rəˈpelɪŋ/

highly offensive; arousing aversion or disgust

From this reading “It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.”

Sulphur verb US /ˈsʌlfər/

treat with sulphur in order to preserve

From this reading “Sulphur.”

unaltered adjective US /əˈnɔːltərd/

remaining in an original state

From this reading “Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

pet dogs noun + noun counted as “pet dog”

In this reading “Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!”

small pieces adjective + noun counted as “small piece”

In this reading “It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.”

split into verb + particle

In this reading “It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.”

manufacture of verb + particle

In this reading “Sulphur is largely used in the arts, principally in the manufacture of gunpowder, and fireworks of various kinds.”

for years preposition + noun

In this reading “Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

artsnounUS /ɑːrts/

studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills)

From this reading Sulphur is largely used in the arts, principally in the manufacture of gunpowder, and fireworks of various kinds.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Sulphur, or brimstone, as it is frequently called, is sold in the form of sticks, or _roll_ brimstone, or in fine powder called flowers of brimstone.

attractingverbUS /əˈtræktɪŋ/

-ing form of “attract” — direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

bodiesnounUS /ˈbɑːdiz/

plural of “body” — the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

brimstonenounUS /ˈbrɪmstoʊn/

an old name for sulfur

From this reading Sulphur, or brimstone, as it is frequently called, is sold in the form of sticks, or _roll_ brimstone, or in fine powder called flowers of brimstone.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Sulphur, or brimstone, as it is frequently called, is sold in the form of sticks, or _roll_ brimstone, or in fine powder called flowers of brimstone.

capableadjectiveUS /ˈkeɪpəbəl/

(usually followed by “of”) having capacity or ability

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

conductornounUS /kənˈdʌktər/

the person who leads a musical group

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

cooledverbUS /kuːld/

past form of “cool” — make cool or cooler

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

crackverbUS /kræk/

become fractured; break or crack on the surface only

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

dogsnounUS /dɑːɡz/

plural of “dog” — a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

drinkverbUS /drɪŋk/

take in liquids

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

electricadjectiveUS /ɪˈlektrɪk/

using or providing or producing or transmitting or operated by electricity

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

etc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading Sulphur, or brimstone, as it is frequently called, is sold in the form of sticks, or _roll_ brimstone, or in fine powder called flowers of brimstone.

fireworksnounUS /ˈfaɪrwɜːrks/

plural of “firework” — (usually plural) a device with an explosive that burns at a low rate and with colored flames; can be used to illuminate areas or send signals etc.

From this reading Sulphur is largely used in the arts, principally in the manufacture of gunpowder, and fireworks of various kinds.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

flowersnounUS /ˈflaʊərz/

plural of “flower” — a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading Sulphur, or brimstone, as it is frequently called, is sold in the form of sticks, or _roll_ brimstone, or in fine powder called flowers of brimstone.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading Sulphur, or brimstone, as it is frequently called, is sold in the form of sticks, or _roll_ brimstone, or in fine powder called flowers of brimstone.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Sulphur, or brimstone, as it is frequently called, is sold in the form of sticks, or _roll_ brimstone, or in fine powder called flowers of brimstone.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

glassnounUS /ɡlæs/

a brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

graspedverbUS /ɡræspt/

past form of “grasp” — hold firmly

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

gunpowdernounUS /ˈɡʌnpaʊdər/

a mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur in a 75:15:10 ratio which is used in gunnery, time fuses, and fireworks

From this reading Sulphur is largely used in the arts, principally in the manufacture of gunpowder, and fireworks of various kinds.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

heatedadjectiveUS /ˈhiːtəd/

made warm or hot (“het” is a dialectal variant of “heated”)

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Sulphur, or brimstone, as it is frequently called, is sold in the form of sticks, or _roll_ brimstone, or in fine powder called flowers of brimstone.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Sulphur, or brimstone, as it is frequently called, is sold in the form of sticks, or _roll_ brimstone, or in fine powder called flowers of brimstone.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Sulphur, or brimstone, as it is frequently called, is sold in the form of sticks, or _roll_ brimstone, or in fine powder called flowers of brimstone.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

kindsnounUS /kaɪndz/

plural of “kind” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading Sulphur is largely used in the arts, principally in the manufacture of gunpowder, and fireworks of various kinds.

largelyadverbUS /ˈlɑːrdʒli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading Sulphur is largely used in the arts, principally in the manufacture of gunpowder, and fireworks of various kinds.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

mangenounUS /meɪndʒ/

a persistent and contagious disease of the skin causing inflammation and itching and loss of hair; affects domestic animals (and sometimes people)

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

manufactureverbUS /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃər/

put together out of artificial or natural components or parts

From this reading Sulphur is largely used in the arts, principally in the manufacture of gunpowder, and fireworks of various kinds.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Sulphur, or brimstone, as it is frequently called, is sold in the form of sticks, or _roll_ brimstone, or in fine powder called flowers of brimstone.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Sulphur, or brimstone, as it is frequently called, is sold in the form of sticks, or _roll_ brimstone, or in fine powder called flowers of brimstone.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

pansnounUS /pænz/

plural of “pan” — cooking utensil consisting of a wide metal vessel

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

papernounUS /ˈpeɪpər/

a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

petnounUS /pet/

a domesticated animal kept for companionship or amusement

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

phenomenanounUS /fəˈnɑːmənə/

plural of “phenomenon” — any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

piecenounUS /piːs/

a separate part of a whole

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

piecesnounUS /ˈpiːsəz/

plural of “piece” — a separate part of a whole

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

powdernounUS /ˈpaʊdər/

a solid substance in the form of tiny loose particles; a solid that has been pulverized

From this reading Sulphur, or brimstone, as it is frequently called, is sold in the form of sticks, or _roll_ brimstone, or in fine powder called flowers of brimstone.

preventverbUS /prɪˈvent/

keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

principallyadverbUS /ˈprɪnsɪpli/

for the most part

From this reading Sulphur is largely used in the arts, principally in the manufacture of gunpowder, and fireworks of various kinds.

repellingadjectiveUS /rəˈpelɪŋ/

highly offensive; arousing aversion or disgust

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

rollverbUS /roʊl/

move by turning over or rotating

From this reading Sulphur, or brimstone, as it is frequently called, is sold in the form of sticks, or _roll_ brimstone, or in fine powder called flowers of brimstone.

rubbedverbUS /rʌbd/

inflected form of “rub” — move over something with pressure

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

showingnounUS /ˈʃoʊɪŋ/

the display of a motion picture

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

slightnounUS /slaɪt/

a deliberate discourteous act (usually as an expression of anger or disapproval)

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

soldadjectiveUS /soʊld/

disposed of to a purchaser

From this reading Sulphur, or brimstone, as it is frequently called, is sold in the form of sticks, or _roll_ brimstone, or in fine powder called flowers of brimstone.

sparksnounUS /spɑːrks/

plural of “spark” — a momentary flash of light

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

speakingnounUS /ˈspiːkɪŋ/

the utterance of intelligible speech

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

splitverbUS /splɪt/

separate into parts or portions

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

sticksnounUS /stɪks/

plural of “stick” — an implement consisting of a length of wood

From this reading Sulphur, or brimstone, as it is frequently called, is sold in the form of sticks, or _roll_ brimstone, or in fine powder called flowers of brimstone.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

suddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

SulphurverbUS /ˈsʌlfər/

treat with sulphur in order to preserve

From this reading Sulphur.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Sulphur, or brimstone, as it is frequently called, is sold in the form of sticks, or _roll_ brimstone, or in fine powder called flowers of brimstone.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

unalteredadjectiveUS /əˈnɔːltərd/

remaining in an original state

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading Sulphur is largely used in the arts, principally in the manufacture of gunpowder, and fireworks of various kinds.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading Sulphur is largely used in the arts, principally in the manufacture of gunpowder, and fireworks of various kinds.

WaternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading It is capable of showing electric phenomena when rubbed, giving out slight sparks, and first attracting and then repelling light bodies, such as small pieces of paper, etc. It is so bad a conductor of heat, that if grasped suddenly in a hot hand, it will crack and split into pieces just as glass does when suddenly heated or cooled--of course I am speaking of the roll brimstone.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Water has no effect on it, as may be seen in the pans placed for pet dogs to drink out of, where the same piece of brimstone lies for years entirely unaltered, though it is supposed to prevent the dogs from having the mange!

Chapter 3 of How to become a scientist by Aaron A. Warford holds 435 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of How to become a scientist contain?

Chapter 3 holds 435 sentences of How to become a scientist, unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of How to become a scientist by Aaron A. Warford exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 435 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of How to become a scientist?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading How to become a scientist

Common questions about reading How to become a scientist by Aaron A. Warford on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of How to become a scientist?

Yes. All 1315 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #71522 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of How to become a scientist is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #71522, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does How to become a scientist take to read?

About 109 minutes of reading across 263 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through How to become a scientist section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in How to become a scientist

Words and structures a reader meets early in How to become a scientist, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Enclosed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of How to become a scientist; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Underscores
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Italics
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Equal
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