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How to build a house
How to build a house

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of How to build a house is here in full — 116 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_THEORETICAL STUDIES._ The cold and the state of the times prevented the works from being continued.
The winter might be a long one.
Eugène and Paul prepared themselves, therefore, to employ this compulsory leisure to advantage.
It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.
Paul took an increasing interest in this employment.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

How to build a house

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of How to build a house is here in full — 116 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_THEORETICAL STUDIES._ The cold and the state of the times prevented the works from being continued.
/ˌθiːərˈetɪkəl ˈstʌdiz ðə koʊld ənd ðə steɪt ʌv ðə taɪmz prɪˈventɪd ðə wɜːrks frʌm ˈbiːɪŋ kənˈtɪnjuːd/
Line 2
The winter might be a long one.
/ðə ˈwɪntər maɪt biː ə lɔːŋ wʌn/
Line 3
Eugène and Paul prepared themselves, therefore, to employ this compulsory leisure to advantage.
Line 4
It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.
Line 5
Paul took an increasing interest in this employment.
/pɔːl tʊk æn ˌɪnˈkriːsɪŋ ˈɪntrəst ɪn ðɪs emˈplɔɪmənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

compulsory adjective US /kəmˈpʌlsəri/

required by rule

From this reading “Eugène and Paul prepared themselves, therefore, to employ this compulsory leisure to advantage.”

deficient adjective US /dɪˈfɪʃənt/

inadequate in amount or degree

From this reading “It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.”

employ verb US /emˈplɔɪ/

put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading “Eugène and Paul prepared themselves, therefore, to employ this compulsory leisure to advantage.”

employment noun US /emˈplɔɪmənt/

the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading “Paul took an increasing interest in this employment.”

enlighten verb US /ˌenˈlaɪtən/

make understand

From this reading “It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.”

finishing noun US /ˈfɪnɪʃɪŋ/

a decorative texture or appearance of a surface (or the substance that gives it that appearance)

From this reading “It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.”

respecting verb US /riˈspektɪŋ/

-ing form of “respect” — regard highly; think much of

From this reading “It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.”

theoretical adjective US /ˌθiːərˈetɪkəl/

concerned primarily with theories or hypotheses rather than practical considerations

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

take advantage verb + noun

draw advantages from

In this reading “It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.”

increasing interest adjective + noun

In this reading “Paul took an increasing interest in this employment.”

draw out verb + adjective

cause to speak

In this reading “It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The winter might be a long one.

advantagenounUS /ædˈvæntɪdʒ/

the quality of having a superior or more favorable position

From this reading Eugène and Paul prepared themselves, therefore, to employ this compulsory leisure to advantage.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Paul took an increasing interest in this employment.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _THEORETICAL STUDIES._ The cold and the state of the times prevented the works from being continued.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The winter might be a long one.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading _THEORETICAL STUDIES._ The cold and the state of the times prevented the works from being continued.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

clerk-of-works

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading _THEORETICAL STUDIES._ The cold and the state of the times prevented the works from being continued.

compulsoryadjectiveUS /kəmˈpʌlsəri/

required by rule

From this reading Eugène and Paul prepared themselves, therefore, to employ this compulsory leisure to advantage.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading _THEORETICAL STUDIES._ The cold and the state of the times prevented the works from being continued.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

decidedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd/

recognizable; marked

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

deficientadjectiveUS /dɪˈfɪʃənt/

inadequate in amount or degree

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

detailsnounUS /dɪˈteɪlz/

true confidential information

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

drawverbUS /drɔː/

cause to move by pulling

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

employverbUS /emˈplɔɪ/

put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading Eugène and Paul prepared themselves, therefore, to employ this compulsory leisure to advantage.

employmentnounUS /emˈplɔɪmənt/

the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading Paul took an increasing interest in this employment.

enlightenverbUS /ˌenˈlaɪtən/

make understand

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

Eugène

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Eugène and Paul prepared themselves, therefore, to employ this compulsory leisure to advantage.

finishingnounUS /ˈfɪnɪʃɪŋ/

a decorative texture or appearance of a surface (or the substance that gives it that appearance)

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading _THEORETICAL STUDIES._ The cold and the state of the times prevented the works from being continued.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Paul took an increasing interest in this employment.

increasingadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːsɪŋ/

becoming greater or larger

From this reading Paul took an increasing interest in this employment.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading Paul took an increasing interest in this employment.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

leisurenounUS /ˈleʒər/

time available for ease and relaxation

From this reading Eugène and Paul prepared themselves, therefore, to employ this compulsory leisure to advantage.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The winter might be a long one.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The winter might be a long one.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _THEORETICAL STUDIES._ The cold and the state of the times prevented the works from being continued.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The winter might be a long one.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

PaulnounUS /pɔːl/

United States feminist (1885-1977)

From this reading Eugène and Paul prepared themselves, therefore, to employ this compulsory leisure to advantage.

pointsnounUS /pɔɪnts/

plural of “point” — a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

preparedadjectiveUS /priˈperd/

made ready or fit or suitable beforehand

From this reading Eugène and Paul prepared themselves, therefore, to employ this compulsory leisure to advantage.

preventedverbUS /prɪˈventɪd/

past form of “prevent” — keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading _THEORETICAL STUDIES._ The cold and the state of the times prevented the works from being continued.

respectingverbUS /riˈspektɪŋ/

-ing form of “respect” — regard highly; think much of

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading _THEORETICAL STUDIES._ The cold and the state of the times prevented the works from being continued.

STUDIESnounUS /ˈstʌdiz/

plural of “study” — a detailed critical inspection

From this reading _THEORETICAL STUDIES._ The cold and the state of the times prevented the works from being continued.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _THEORETICAL STUDIES._ The cold and the state of the times prevented the works from being continued.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Eugène and Paul prepared themselves, therefore, to employ this compulsory leisure to advantage.

THEORETICALadjectiveUS /ˌθiːərˈetɪkəl/

concerned primarily with theories or hypotheses rather than practical considerations

From this reading _THEORETICAL STUDIES._ The cold and the state of the times prevented the works from being continued.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Eugène and Paul prepared themselves, therefore, to employ this compulsory leisure to advantage.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Eugène and Paul prepared themselves, therefore, to employ this compulsory leisure to advantage.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading _THEORETICAL STUDIES._ The cold and the state of the times prevented the works from being continued.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Eugène and Paul prepared themselves, therefore, to employ this compulsory leisure to advantage.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Paul took an increasing interest in this employment.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was decided between them that they should not merely draw out the details necessary for finishing the works, but that Eugène should take advantage of these winter days to enlighten Paul on many points respecting which, as clerk-of-works, he was deficient.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading The winter might be a long one.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading _THEORETICAL STUDIES._ The cold and the state of the times prevented the works from being continued.

Chapter 18 of How to build a house by Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc holds 116 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of How to build a house contain?

Chapter 18 holds 116 sentences of How to build a house, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of How to build a house by Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 116 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of How to build a house?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading How to build a house

Common questions about reading How to build a house by Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of How to build a house?

Yes. All 2778 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #71669 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of How to build a house is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #71669, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does How to build a house take to read?

About 231 minutes of reading across 556 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read How to build a house section by section

How to work through How to build a house section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 28 chapters of How to build a house to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in How to build a house

Words and structures a reader meets early in How to build a house, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of How to build a house; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Displayed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of How to build a house; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Build
A word that appears in the opening chapter of How to build a house; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
House
A word that appears in the opening chapter of How to build a house; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.