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Ice-Caves of France and Switzerland
Ice-Caves of France and Switzerland

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of Ice-Caves of France and Switzerland is here in full — 189 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/37 · 5 lines
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OTHER ICE CAVES.
_The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).
This account states that the cave is in the county of Thorn,[99] among the lowest spurs of the Carpathians.
The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.
Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ice-Caves of France and Switzerland

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of Ice-Caves of France and Switzerland is here in full — 189 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/37 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OTHER ICE CAVES.
/ˈʌðər aɪs keɪvz/
Line 2
_The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).
Line 3
This account states that the cave is in the county of Thorn,[99] among the lowest spurs of the Carpathians.
Line 4
The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.
Line 5
Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

descends verb US /dɪˈsendz/

third-person singular of “descend” — move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading “The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.”

fathoms noun US /ˈfæðəmz/

plural of “fathom” — a linear unit of measurement (equal to 6 feet) for water depth

From this reading “The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.”

historian noun US /hɪˈstɔːriən/

a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it

From this reading “_The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).”

Hungary noun US /ˈhʌŋɡəri/

a republic in central Europe

From this reading “_The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).”

laterally adverb US /ˈlætərəliː/

to or by or from the side

From this reading “The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.”

spreads noun US /spredz/

plural of “spread” — process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space

From this reading “The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.”

Transactions noun US /trænˈzækʃənz/

a written account of what transpired at a meeting

From this reading “_The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).”

unsafe adjective US /ənˈseɪf/

lacking in security or safety

From this reading “Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1739

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

18

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

26

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

40

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

41

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

50

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

9

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

98

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

99

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This account states that the cave is in the county of Thorn,[99] among the lowest spurs of the Carpathians.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading This account states that the cave is in the county of Thorn,[99] among the lowest spurs of the Carpathians.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

BellnounUS /bel/

a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

BeyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

breadthnounUS /bredθ/

the capacity to understand a broad range of topics

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

cnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

Carpathian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

Carpathiansnoun

a mountain range in central Europe that extends from Slovakia and southern Poland southeastward through western Ukraine to northeastern Romania; a popular resort area

From this reading This account states that the cave is in the county of Thorn,[99] among the lowest spurs of the Carpathians.

CavenounUS /keɪv/

a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

cavernnounUS /ˈkæv.ərn/

A large, vast underground cave, often filled with forgotten ancient treasures.

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

CAVESnounUS /keɪvz/

plural of “cave” — a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea

From this reading OTHER ICE CAVES.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

countynounUS /ˈkaʊnti/

(United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading This account states that the cave is in the county of Thorn,[99] among the lowest spurs of the Carpathians.

descendsverbUS /dɪˈsendz/

third-person singular of “descend” — move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

echoesnounUS /ˈekoʊz/

plural of “echo” — the repetition of a sound resulting from reflection of the sound waves

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

entrancenounUS /ˈentrəns/

something that provides access (to get in or get out)

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

exposedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspoʊzd/

with no protection or shield

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

facesnounUS /ˈfeɪsəz/

plural of “face” — the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

fartheradjectiveUS /ˈfɑːrðər/

more distant in especially space or time

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

fathomsnounUS /ˈfæðəmz/

plural of “fathom” — a linear unit of measurement (equal to 6 feet) for water depth

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

footingnounUS /ˈfʊtɪŋ/

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

historiannounUS /hɪˈstɔːriən/

a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

HungarynounUS /ˈhʌŋɡəri/

a republic in central Europe

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

ICEnounUS /aɪs/

water frozen in the solid state

From this reading OTHER ICE CAVES.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

irregularadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈreɡjələr/

contrary to rule or accepted order or general practice

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This account states that the cave is in the county of Thorn,[99] among the lowest spurs of the Carpathians.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

laterallyadverbUS /ˈlætərəliː/

to or by or from the side

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

LatinadjectiveUS /ˈlætən/

of or relating to the ancient Latins or the Latin language

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

lowestadjectiveUS /ˈloʊəst/

lowest in rank or importance

From this reading This account states that the cave is in the county of Thorn,[99] among the lowest spurs of the Carpathians.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

MatthewnounUS /ˈmæθjuː/

(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; traditionally considered to be the author of the first Gospel

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

OTHERadjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading OTHER ICE CAVES.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

penetratedverbUS /ˈpenətreɪtɪd/

past form of “penetrate” — pass into or through, often by overcoming resistance

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

PhilosophicaladjectiveUS /ˌfɪləˈsɑːfɪkəl/

of or relating to philosophy or philosophers

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

pp

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

printedverbUS /ˈprɪntɪd/

past form of “print” — put into print

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

rangenounUS /reɪndʒ/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

recessesnounUS /ˈriːsesəz/

plural of “recess” — a state of abeyance or suspended business

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

snowyadjectiveUS /ˈsnoʊi/

marked by the presence of snow

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

spreadsnounUS /spredz/

plural of “spread” — process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

spursnounUS /spɜːrz/

plural of “spur” — a verbalization that encourages you to attempt something

From this reading This account states that the cave is in the county of Thorn,[99] among the lowest spurs of the Carpathians.

statesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading This account states that the cave is in the county of Thorn,[99] among the lowest spurs of the Carpathians.

step-cutting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

Szelicze

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

Szilitze

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading This account states that the cave is in the county of Thorn,[99] among the lowest spurs of the Carpathians.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

ThornnounUS /θɔːrn/

something that causes irritation and annoyance

From this reading This account states that the cave is in the county of Thorn,[99] among the lowest spurs of the Carpathians.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

TransactionsnounUS /trænˈzækʃənz/

a written account of what transpired at a meeting

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

unsafeadjectiveUS /ənˈseɪf/

lacking in security or safety

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Beyond this no one had at that time penetrated, on account of the unsafe footing, although many distant echoes were returned by the farther recesses of the cave; indeed, to get even so far as this, much step-cutting was necessary.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading _The Cave of Szelicze, or Szilitze, in Hungary_.[98] Matthew Bell, the historian of Hungary, sent an account of this cavern to England, in the middle of the last century, which was printed in the original Latin in the 'Philosophical Transactions' of 1739-40 (pp. 41, &c.).

windsnounUS /wɪndz/

plural of “wind” — air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading The entrance, which faces the north, and is exposed to the cold winds from the snowy part of the Carpathian range, is 18 fathoms high and 9 broad; and the cave spreads out laterally, and descends to a point 50 fathoms below the entrance, where it is 26 fathoms in breadth, and of irregular height.

Chapter 15 of Ice-Caves of France and Switzerland by G. F. (George Forrest) Browne holds 189 sentences, grouped into 38 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of Ice-Caves of France and Switzerland contain?

Chapter 15 holds 189 sentences of Ice-Caves of France and Switzerland, unabridged, divided into 38 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of Ice-Caves of France and Switzerland by G. F. (George Forrest) Browne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 189 sentences, grouped into 38 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of Ice-Caves of France and Switzerland?

Work through the 38 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 38 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #14012, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Ice-Caves of France and Switzerland take to read?

About 239 minutes of reading across 576 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Ice-Caves of France and Switzerland

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ice-Caves of France and Switzerland, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Glaci
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ice-Caves of France and Switzerland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Genolli
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ice-Caves of France and Switzerland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Summer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ice-Caves of France and Switzerland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Found
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ice-Caves of France and Switzerland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.