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Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)
Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) is here in full — 198 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)
Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.
Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_.
This volume contains three texts, each with its own title page and pagination.
There is a table of contents for all three at the opening of the volume, The second and third both include a redundant table of contents, which have been retained.
Minor errors, attributable to the printer, have been corrected.
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Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) is here in full — 198 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.
Line 2
Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_.
Line 3
This volume contains three texts, each with its own title page and pagination.
/ðɪs ˈvɑːljuːm kənˈteɪnz θriː teksts iːtʃ wɪð ɪts oʊn ˈtaɪtəl peɪdʒ ənd ˌpædʒəˈneɪʃən/
Line 4
There is a table of contents for all three at the opening of the volume, The second and third both include a redundant table of contents, which have been retained.
/ðer ɪz ə ˈteɪbəl ʌv ˈkɑːntents fɔːr ɔːl θriː æt ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ ʌv ðə ˈvɑːljuːm ðə ˈsekənd ənd θɜːrd boʊθ ˌɪnˈkluːd ə rɪˈdʌndənt ˈteɪbəl ʌv ˈkɑːntents wɪtʃ hæv bɪn rɪˈteɪnd/
Line 5
Minor errors, attributable to the printer, have been corrected.
/ˈmaɪnər ˈerərz əˈtrɪbjətəbəl tuː ðə ˈprɪntər hæv bɪn kərˈektəd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attributable adjective US /əˈtrɪbjətəbəl/

capable of being attributed

From this reading “Minor errors, attributable to the printer, have been corrected.”

italic noun US /aɪˈtælɪk/

a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

Italics noun US /aɪˈtælɪks/

plural of “italic” — a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading “Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_.”

pagination noun US /ˌpædʒəˈneɪʃən/

the system of numbering pages

From this reading “This volume contains three texts, each with its own title page and pagination.”

printer noun US /ˈprɪntər/

someone whose occupation is printing

From this reading “Minor errors, attributable to the printer, have been corrected.”

redundant adjective US /rɪˈdʌndənt/

more than is needed, desired, or required

From this reading “There is a table of contents for all three at the opening of the volume, The second and third both include a redundant table of contents, which have been retained.”

texts noun US /teksts/

plural of “text” — the words of something written

From this reading “This volume contains three texts, each with its own title page and pagination.”

typographical adjective US /ˌtaɪpəˈɡræfɪkəl/

relating to or occurring or used in typography

From this reading “This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

title page noun + noun

a page of a book displaying the title and author and publisher

In this reading “This volume contains three texts, each with its own title page and pagination.”

all three adjective + noun

In this reading “There is a table of contents for all three at the opening of the volume, The second and third both include a redundant table of contents, which have been retained.”

All words in this reading · 52

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There is a table of contents for all three at the opening of the volume, The second and third both include a redundant table of contents, which have been retained.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading There is a table of contents for all three at the opening of the volume, The second and third both include a redundant table of contents, which have been retained.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This volume contains three texts, each with its own title page and pagination.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading There is a table of contents for all three at the opening of the volume, The second and third both include a redundant table of contents, which have been retained.

attributableadjectiveUS /əˈtrɪbjətəbəl/

capable of being attributed

From this reading Minor errors, attributable to the printer, have been corrected.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading There is a table of contents for all three at the opening of the volume, The second and third both include a redundant table of contents, which have been retained.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading There is a table of contents for all three at the opening of the volume, The second and third both include a redundant table of contents, which have been retained.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_.

containsverbUS /kənˈteɪnz/

third-person singular of “contain” — include or contain; have as a component

From this reading This volume contains three texts, each with its own title page and pagination.

contentsnounUS /ˈkɑːntents/

(usually plural) everything that is included in a collection and that is held or included in something

From this reading There is a table of contents for all three at the opening of the volume, The second and third both include a redundant table of contents, which have been retained.

correctedadjectiveUS /kərˈektəd/

having something undesirable neutralized

From this reading Minor errors, attributable to the printer, have been corrected.

delimitedadjective

having the limits or boundaries established

From this reading Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading This volume contains three texts, each with its own title page and pagination.

effectsnounUS /ɪˈfekts/

property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business

From this reading This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.

errorsnounUS /ˈerərz/

plural of “error” — a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading Minor errors, attributable to the printer, have been corrected.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading There is a table of contents for all three at the opening of the volume, The second and third both include a redundant table of contents, which have been retained.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading There is a table of contents for all three at the opening of the volume, The second and third both include a redundant table of contents, which have been retained.

includeverbUS /ˌɪnˈkluːd/

have as a part, be made up out of

From this reading There is a table of contents for all three at the opening of the volume, The second and third both include a redundant table of contents, which have been retained.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There is a table of contents for all three at the opening of the volume, The second and third both include a redundant table of contents, which have been retained.

italicnounUS /aɪˈtælɪk/

a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_.

ItalicsnounUS /aɪˈtælɪks/

plural of “italic” — a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading This volume contains three texts, each with its own title page and pagination.

MinoradjectiveUS /ˈmaɪnər/

of lesser importance or stature or rank

From this reading Minor errors, attributable to the printer, have been corrected.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.

openingnounUS /ˈoʊpənɪŋ/

an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading There is a table of contents for all three at the opening of the volume, The second and third both include a redundant table of contents, which have been retained.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading This volume contains three texts, each with its own title page and pagination.

pagenounUS /peɪdʒ/

one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading This volume contains three texts, each with its own title page and pagination.

paginationnounUS /ˌpædʒəˈneɪʃən/

the system of numbering pages

From this reading This volume contains three texts, each with its own title page and pagination.

printernounUS /ˈprɪntər/

someone whose occupation is printing

From this reading Minor errors, attributable to the printer, have been corrected.

redundantadjectiveUS /rɪˈdʌndənt/

more than is needed, desired, or required

From this reading There is a table of contents for all three at the opening of the volume, The second and third both include a redundant table of contents, which have been retained.

representverbUS /ˌreprɪˈzent/

take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.

retainedadjectiveUS /rɪˈteɪnd/

continued in your keeping or use or memory

From this reading There is a table of contents for all three at the opening of the volume, The second and third both include a redundant table of contents, which have been retained.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading There is a table of contents for all three at the opening of the volume, The second and third both include a redundant table of contents, which have been retained.

tablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading There is a table of contents for all three at the opening of the volume, The second and third both include a redundant table of contents, which have been retained.

textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.

textsnounUS /teksts/

plural of “text” — the words of something written

From this reading This volume contains three texts, each with its own title page and pagination.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There is a table of contents for all three at the opening of the volume, The second and third both include a redundant table of contents, which have been retained.

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading There is a table of contents for all three at the opening of the volume, The second and third both include a redundant table of contents, which have been retained.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading This volume contains three texts, each with its own title page and pagination.

titlenounUS /ˈtaɪtəl/

a heading that names a statute or legislative bill; may give a brief summary of the matters it deals with

From this reading This volume contains three texts, each with its own title page and pagination.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Minor errors, attributable to the printer, have been corrected.

typographicaladjectiveUS /ˌtaɪpəˈɡræfɪkəl/

relating to or occurring or used in typography

From this reading This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.

versionnounUS /ˈvɜːrʒən/

an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint

From this reading This version of the text cannot represent certain typographical effects.

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading This volume contains three texts, each with its own title page and pagination.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading There is a table of contents for all three at the opening of the volume, The second and third both include a redundant table of contents, which have been retained.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Italics are delimited with the ‘_’ character as _italic_.

Chapter 1 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau holds 198 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) contain?

Chapter 1 holds 198 sentences of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9), unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 198 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)

Common questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)?

Yes. All 4509 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70716 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #70716, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) take to read?

About 375 minutes of reading across 902 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) section by section

How to work through Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 31 chapters of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.