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Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)
Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) is here in full — 95 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)
Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
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WHAT IS WEALTH?
“Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”
“Very much as if I were in a dream.
When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.
We seem to have gone back in the course of a night from a state of advanced civilization to a primitive condition of society.”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) is here in full — 95 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
WHAT IS WEALTH?
/wʌt ɪz welθ/
Line 2
“Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”
Line 3
“Very much as if I were in a dream.
/ˈveri mʌtʃ æz ɪf aɪ wɜːr ɪn ə driːm/
Line 4
When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.
/wen aɪ lʊk raʊnd ðɪs pleɪs ənd θɪŋk ʌv ɔːl ðæt aɪ hæv siːn ənd dʌn sɪns ˈmɔːrnɪŋ aɪ kæn ˈskersli bɪˈliːv ðæt wiː ɑːr ðə seɪm ˈpiːpəl ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ðə seɪm eɪdʒ ʌv ðə wɜːrld æz ˈjestərdeɪ/
Line 5
We seem to have gone back in the course of a night from a state of advanced civilization to a primitive condition of society.”
/wiː siːm tuː hæv ɡɔːn bæk ɪn ðə kɔːrs ʌv ə naɪt frʌm ə steɪt ʌv ədˈvænst ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən tuː ə ˈprɪmətɪv kənˈdɪʃən ʌv səˈsaɪəti/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

advanced adjective US /ədˈvænst/

farther along in physical or mental development

From this reading “We seem to have gone back in the course of a night from a state of advanced civilization to a primitive condition of society.””

civilization noun US /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading “We seem to have gone back in the course of a night from a state of advanced civilization to a primitive condition of society.””

condition noun US /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading “We seem to have gone back in the course of a night from a state of advanced civilization to a primitive condition of society.””

dream noun US /driːm/

A series of thoughts, images, or emotions during sleep.

From this reading ““Very much as if I were in a dream.”

primitive adjective US /ˈprɪmətɪv/

belonging to an early stage of technical development; characterized by simplicity and (often) crudeness

From this reading “We seem to have gone back in the course of a night from a state of advanced civilization to a primitive condition of society.””

watching noun US /ˈwɑːtʃɪŋ/

the act of observing; taking a patient look

From this reading ““Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?””

wealth noun US /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading “WHAT IS WEALTH?”

yesterday noun US /ˈjestərdeɪ/

the day immediately before today

From this reading “When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

sat watching noun + noun

In this reading ““Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?””

look round verb + noun

In this reading “When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.”

same age adjective + noun

In this reading “When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.”

think of verb + particle

keep in mind for attention or consideration

In this reading “When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “Very much as if I were in a dream.

advancedadjectiveUS /ədˈvænst/

farther along in physical or mental development

From this reading We seem to have gone back in the course of a night from a state of advanced civilization to a primitive condition of society.”

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading We seem to have gone back in the course of a night from a state of advanced civilization to a primitive condition of society.”

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.

captainnounUS /ˈkæptən/

an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

civilizationnounUS /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading We seem to have gone back in the course of a night from a state of advanced civilization to a primitive condition of society.”

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading We seem to have gone back in the course of a night from a state of advanced civilization to a primitive condition of society.”

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading We seem to have gone back in the course of a night from a state of advanced civilization to a primitive condition of society.”

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.

dreamnounUS /driːm/

A series of thoughts, images, or emotions during sleep.

From this reading “Very much as if I were in a dream.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading We seem to have gone back in the course of a night from a state of advanced civilization to a primitive condition of society.”

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading We seem to have gone back in the course of a night from a state of advanced civilization to a primitive condition of society.”

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “Very much as if I were in a dream.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading “Very much as if I were in a dream.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “Very much as if I were in a dream.

ISauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading WHAT IS WEALTH?

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading “Very much as if I were in a dream.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading We seem to have gone back in the course of a night from a state of advanced civilization to a primitive condition of society.”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.

primitiveadjectiveUS /ˈprɪmətɪv/

belonging to an early stage of technical development; characterized by simplicity and (often) crudeness

From this reading We seem to have gone back in the course of a night from a state of advanced civilization to a primitive condition of society.”

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading We seem to have gone back in the course of a night from a state of advanced civilization to a primitive condition of society.”

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading We seem to have gone back in the course of a night from a state of advanced civilization to a primitive condition of society.”

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading We seem to have gone back in the course of a night from a state of advanced civilization to a primitive condition of society.”

StonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

VeryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading “Very much as if I were in a dream.

watchingnounUS /ˈwɑːtʃɪŋ/

the act of observing; taking a patient look

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.

WEALTHnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading WHAT IS WEALTH?

WelladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “Very much as if I were in a dream.

WHATpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading WHAT IS WEALTH?

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.

yesterdaynounUS /ˈjestərdeɪ/

the day immediately before today

From this reading When I look round this place and think of all that I have seen and done since morning, I can scarcely believe that we are the same people, living in the same age of the world as yesterday.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “Well, my friend,” said the captain to Mr. Stone, as they sat watching their fire, “how do you feel at the close of this strange day?”

Chapter 3 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau holds 95 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) contain?

Chapter 3 holds 95 sentences of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9), unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 95 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)

Common questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 4509 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70716 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #70716, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 375 minutes of reading across 902 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) section by section

How to work through Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.