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Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)
Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) is here in full — 176 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)
Context Illustration Reading 1/35 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
DISASTERS.
The change of times of which Mr. Wallace was ever mindful came at last.
At the end of three years the price of bar-iron was just half what it had been in the days we have described.
There were many perceivable reasons for this change.
The political state of various countries was unsettled, and trade in general therefore, disturbed.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) is here in full — 176 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/35 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
DISASTERS.
/dɪˈzæstərz/
Line 2
The change of times of which Mr. Wallace was ever mindful came at last.
/ðə tʃeɪndʒ ʌv taɪmz ʌv wɪtʃ ˈmɪstər ˈwɔːləs wɑːz ˈevər ˈmaɪndfəl keɪm æt læst/
Line 3
At the end of three years the price of bar-iron was just half what it had been in the days we have described.
Line 4
There were many perceivable reasons for this change.
Line 5
The political state of various countries was unsettled, and trade in general therefore, disturbed.
/ðə pəˈlɪtəkəl steɪt ʌv ˈveriəs ˈkʌntriz wɑːz ənˈsetəld ənd treɪd ɪn ˈdʒenərəl ˈðerfɔːr dɪˈstɜːrbd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

countries noun US /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading “The political state of various countries was unsettled, and trade in general therefore, disturbed.”

disasters noun US /dɪˈzæstərz/

plural of “disaster” — a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune

From this reading “DISASTERS.”

disturbed adjective US /dɪˈstɜːrbd/

having the place or position changed

From this reading “The political state of various countries was unsettled, and trade in general therefore, disturbed.”

mindful adjective US /ˈmaɪndfəl/

bearing in mind; attentive to

From this reading “The change of times of which Mr. Wallace was ever mindful came at last.”

political adjective US /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading “The political state of various countries was unsettled, and trade in general therefore, disturbed.”

reasons noun US /ˈriːzənz/

plural of “reason” — a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading “There were many perceivable reasons for this change.”

unsettled adjective US /ənˈsetəld/

still in doubt

From this reading “The political state of various countries was unsettled, and trade in general therefore, disturbed.”

Wallace noun US /ˈwɔːləs/

Scottish insurgent who led the resistance to Edward I; in 1297 he gained control of Scotland briefly until Edward invaded Scotland again and defeated Wallace and subsequently executed him (1270-1305)

From this reading “The change of times of which Mr. Wallace was ever mindful came at last.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

three years noun + noun

In this reading “At the end of three years the price of bar-iron was just half what it had been in the days we have described.”

At the end preposition + article + noun counted as “at … end”

In this reading “At the end of three years the price of bar-iron was just half what it had been in the days we have described.”

All words in this reading · 47

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The political state of various countries was unsettled, and trade in general therefore, disturbed.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The change of times of which Mr. Wallace was ever mindful came at last.

bar-iron

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the end of three years the price of bar-iron was just half what it had been in the days we have described.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading At the end of three years the price of bar-iron was just half what it had been in the days we have described.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The change of times of which Mr. Wallace was ever mindful came at last.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading The change of times of which Mr. Wallace was ever mindful came at last.

countriesnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The political state of various countries was unsettled, and trade in general therefore, disturbed.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading At the end of three years the price of bar-iron was just half what it had been in the days we have described.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading At the end of three years the price of bar-iron was just half what it had been in the days we have described.

DISASTERSnounUS /dɪˈzæstərz/

plural of “disaster” — a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune

From this reading DISASTERS.

disturbedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɜːrbd/

having the place or position changed

From this reading The political state of various countries was unsettled, and trade in general therefore, disturbed.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading At the end of three years the price of bar-iron was just half what it had been in the days we have described.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading The change of times of which Mr. Wallace was ever mindful came at last.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading There were many perceivable reasons for this change.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading The political state of various countries was unsettled, and trade in general therefore, disturbed.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading At the end of three years the price of bar-iron was just half what it had been in the days we have described.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading At the end of three years the price of bar-iron was just half what it had been in the days we have described.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading At the end of three years the price of bar-iron was just half what it had been in the days we have described.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading At the end of three years the price of bar-iron was just half what it had been in the days we have described.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading At the end of three years the price of bar-iron was just half what it had been in the days we have described.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading At the end of three years the price of bar-iron was just half what it had been in the days we have described.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The change of times of which Mr. Wallace was ever mindful came at last.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading There were many perceivable reasons for this change.

mindfuladjectiveUS /ˈmaɪndfəl/

bearing in mind; attentive to

From this reading The change of times of which Mr. Wallace was ever mindful came at last.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading The change of times of which Mr. Wallace was ever mindful came at last.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The change of times of which Mr. Wallace was ever mindful came at last.

perceivableadjective

capable of being perceived especially by sight or hearing

From this reading There were many perceivable reasons for this change.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading The political state of various countries was unsettled, and trade in general therefore, disturbed.

pricenounUS /praɪs/

the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold)

From this reading At the end of three years the price of bar-iron was just half what it had been in the days we have described.

reasonsnounUS /ˈriːzənz/

plural of “reason” — a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading There were many perceivable reasons for this change.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading The political state of various countries was unsettled, and trade in general therefore, disturbed.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The change of times of which Mr. Wallace was ever mindful came at last.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were many perceivable reasons for this change.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading The political state of various countries was unsettled, and trade in general therefore, disturbed.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading There were many perceivable reasons for this change.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading At the end of three years the price of bar-iron was just half what it had been in the days we have described.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading The change of times of which Mr. Wallace was ever mindful came at last.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading The political state of various countries was unsettled, and trade in general therefore, disturbed.

unsettledadjectiveUS /ənˈsetəld/

still in doubt

From this reading The political state of various countries was unsettled, and trade in general therefore, disturbed.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading The political state of various countries was unsettled, and trade in general therefore, disturbed.

WallacenounUS /ˈwɔːləs/

Scottish insurgent who led the resistance to Edward I; in 1297 he gained control of Scotland briefly until Edward invaded Scotland again and defeated Wallace and subsequently executed him (1270-1305)

From this reading The change of times of which Mr. Wallace was ever mindful came at last.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The change of times of which Mr. Wallace was ever mindful came at last.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading At the end of three years the price of bar-iron was just half what it had been in the days we have described.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There were many perceivable reasons for this change.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading At the end of three years the price of bar-iron was just half what it had been in the days we have described.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The change of times of which Mr. Wallace was ever mindful came at last.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading At the end of three years the price of bar-iron was just half what it had been in the days we have described.

Chapter 16 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau holds 176 sentences, grouped into 36 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) contain?

Chapter 16 holds 176 sentences of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9), unabridged, divided into 36 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 176 sentences, grouped into 36 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)?

Work through the 36 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 36 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)

Common questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)?

Yes. All 4509 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70716 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #70716, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) take to read?

About 375 minutes of reading across 902 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) section by section

How to work through Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.