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Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)
Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) is here in full — 166 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)
Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A CONVERSATION UNDER THE LIMES.
Sergeant Rayne was a happy old man.
Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.
The labourers of the village were always ready to stand and chat with him when he had inquiries to make about their families.
The housewives invited him in as he passed their doors, and wiped down a chair for him.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) is here in full — 166 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A CONVERSATION UNDER THE LIMES.
/ə ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən ˈʌndər ðə laɪmz/
Line 2
Sergeant Rayne was a happy old man.
Line 3
Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.
/ˈevəri ˈbɑːdi lʌvd hɪm fɔːr hɪz ˈkaɪndnəs ʌv hɑːrt ənd lʊkt ʌp tuː hɪm wɪð rɪˈspekt fɔːr ðə sɪmˈplɪsəti ʌv hɪz ˈkerɪktər ənd fɔːr ðə ˈwɪzdəm hiː hæd ɡeɪnd baɪ hɪz ˈtrævəlz əˈbrɔːd ənd hɪz ˌmedɪˈteɪʃənz æt hoʊm/
Line 4
The labourers of the village were always ready to stand and chat with him when he had inquiries to make about their families.
Line 5
The housewives invited him in as he passed their doors, and wiped down a chair for him.
/ðə ˈhaʊswaɪvz ˌɪnˈvaɪtəd hɪm ɪn æz hiː pæst ðer dɔːrz ənd waɪpt daʊn ə tʃer fɔːr hɪm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chat verb US /tʃæt/

talk socially without exchanging too much information

From this reading “The labourers of the village were always ready to stand and chat with him when he had inquiries to make about their families.”

housewives noun US /ˈhaʊswaɪvz/

plural of “housewife” — a wife who manages a household while her husband earns the family income

From this reading “The housewives invited him in as he passed their doors, and wiped down a chair for him.”

inquiries noun US /ˌɪnˈkwaɪəriz/

plural of “inquiry” — a search for knowledge

From this reading “The labourers of the village were always ready to stand and chat with him when he had inquiries to make about their families.”

limes noun US /laɪmz/

plural of “lime” — a caustic substance produced by heating limestone

From this reading “A CONVERSATION UNDER THE LIMES.”

meditations noun US /ˌmedɪˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “meditation” — continuous and profound contemplation or musing on a subject or series of subjects of a deep or abstruse nature

From this reading “Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.”

simplicity noun US /sɪmˈplɪsəti/

the quality of being simple or uncompounded

From this reading “Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.”

travels noun US /ˈtrævəlz/

plural of “travel” — the act of going from one place to another

From this reading “Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.”

wiped verb US /waɪpt/

past form of “wipe” — rub with a circular motion

From this reading “The housewives invited him in as he passed their doors, and wiped down a chair for him.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

travels abroad verb + particle counted as “travel abroad”

In this reading “Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.”

old man adjective + noun

a man who is very old

In this reading “Sergeant Rayne was a happy old man.”

always ready adverb + adjective

In this reading “The labourers of the village were always ready to stand and chat with him when he had inquiries to make about their families.”

chat with verb + particle

In this reading “The labourers of the village were always ready to stand and chat with him when he had inquiries to make about their families.”

at home preposition + noun

a reception held in your own home

In this reading “Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.”

looked up verb + adjective counted as “look up”

seek information from

In this reading “Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.”

gained by verb + particle counted as “gain by”

In this reading “Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.”

with respect preposition + noun

In this reading “Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A CONVERSATION UNDER THE LIMES.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The labourers of the village were always ready to stand and chat with him when he had inquiries to make about their families.

abroadadverbUS /əˈbrɔːd/

to or in a foreign country

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The labourers of the village were always ready to stand and chat with him when he had inquiries to make about their families.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The housewives invited him in as he passed their doors, and wiped down a chair for him.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

chairnounUS /tʃer/

a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading The housewives invited him in as he passed their doors, and wiped down a chair for him.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

chatverbUS /tʃæt/

talk socially without exchanging too much information

From this reading The labourers of the village were always ready to stand and chat with him when he had inquiries to make about their families.

CONVERSATIONnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/

the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading A CONVERSATION UNDER THE LIMES.

doorsnounUS /dɔːrz/

plural of “door” — a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading The housewives invited him in as he passed their doors, and wiped down a chair for him.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The housewives invited him in as he passed their doors, and wiped down a chair for him.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

familiesnounUS /ˈfæməliz/

plural of “family” — a social unit living together

From this reading The labourers of the village were always ready to stand and chat with him when he had inquiries to make about their families.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

gainedverbUS /ɡeɪnd/

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading Sergeant Rayne was a happy old man.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

housewivesnounUS /ˈhaʊswaɪvz/

plural of “housewife” — a wife who manages a household while her husband earns the family income

From this reading The housewives invited him in as he passed their doors, and wiped down a chair for him.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The housewives invited him in as he passed their doors, and wiped down a chair for him.

inquiriesnounUS /ˌɪnˈkwaɪəriz/

plural of “inquiry” — a search for knowledge

From this reading The labourers of the village were always ready to stand and chat with him when he had inquiries to make about their families.

invitedverbUS /ˌɪnˈvaɪtəd/

past form of “invite” — increase the likelihood of

From this reading The housewives invited him in as he passed their doors, and wiped down a chair for him.

kindnessnounUS /ˈkaɪndnəs/

the quality of being warmhearted and considerate and humane and sympathetic

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

labourers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The labourers of the village were always ready to stand and chat with him when he had inquiries to make about their families.

LIMESnounUS /laɪmz/

plural of “lime” — a caustic substance produced by heating limestone

From this reading A CONVERSATION UNDER THE LIMES.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

lovedadjectiveUS /lʌvd/

held dear

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading The labourers of the village were always ready to stand and chat with him when he had inquiries to make about their families.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Sergeant Rayne was a happy old man.

meditationsnounUS /ˌmedɪˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “meditation” — continuous and profound contemplation or musing on a subject or series of subjects of a deep or abstruse nature

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Sergeant Rayne was a happy old man.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading The housewives invited him in as he passed their doors, and wiped down a chair for him.

Rayne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sergeant Rayne was a happy old man.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading The labourers of the village were always ready to stand and chat with him when he had inquiries to make about their families.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

SergeantnounUS /ˈsɑːrdʒənt/

any of several noncommissioned officer ranks in the Army or Air Force or Marines ranking above a corporal

From this reading Sergeant Rayne was a happy old man.

simplicitynounUS /sɪmˈplɪsəti/

the quality of being simple or uncompounded

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading The labourers of the village were always ready to stand and chat with him when he had inquiries to make about their families.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A CONVERSATION UNDER THE LIMES.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The labourers of the village were always ready to stand and chat with him when he had inquiries to make about their families.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

travelsnounUS /ˈtrævəlz/

plural of “travel” — the act of going from one place to another

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

UNDERprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading A CONVERSATION UNDER THE LIMES.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading The labourers of the village were always ready to stand and chat with him when he had inquiries to make about their families.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Sergeant Rayne was a happy old man.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The labourers of the village were always ready to stand and chat with him when he had inquiries to make about their families.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The labourers of the village were always ready to stand and chat with him when he had inquiries to make about their families.

wipedverbUS /waɪpt/

past form of “wipe” — rub with a circular motion

From this reading The housewives invited him in as he passed their doors, and wiped down a chair for him.

wisdomnounUS /ˈwɪzdəm/

accumulated knowledge or erudition or enlightenment

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Every body loved him for his kindness of heart, and looked up to him with respect for the simplicity of his character, and for the wisdom he had gained by his travels abroad and his meditations at home.

Chapter 23 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau holds 166 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) contain?

Chapter 23 holds 166 sentences of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9), unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 166 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)

Common questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)?

Yes. All 4509 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70716 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #70716, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) take to read?

About 375 minutes of reading across 902 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) section by section

How to work through Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.