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Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)
Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)

Chapter XXVII

Chapter 27 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) is here in full — 149 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)
Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SMALL FARMING.
“See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.
After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.
“What is the matter here, sir?” said my father.
“What have you been doing to keep back this field while all the rest have been improving?”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)

Chapter XXVII

Chapter 27 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) is here in full — 149 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SMALL FARMING.
/smɔːl ˈfɑːrmɪŋ/
Line 2
“See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.
Line 3
After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.
/ˈæftər ˌenˈdʒɔɪɪŋ ðə vjuː ʌv ðə ˈmænəfoʊld ˈtoʊkənz ʌv prɑːˈsperəti wɪtʃ sərˈaʊndɪd ʌs wiː wɜːr strʌk baɪ ðə əˈpɪrəns ʌv ə fiːld wɪtʃ lʊkt baɪ fɑːr les ˈflɜːrɪʃɪŋ ðæn ˈeni wiː hæd siːn/
Line 4
“What is the matter here, sir?” said my father.
/wʌt ɪz ðə ˈmætər hiːr sɜːr sed maɪ ˈfɑːðər/
Line 5
“What have you been doing to keep back this field while all the rest have been improving?”
/wʌt hæv juː bɪn ˈduːɪŋ tuː kiːp bæk ðɪs fiːld waɪl ɔːl ðə rest hæv bɪn ˌɪmˈpruːvɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

application noun US /ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən/

the act of bringing something to bear; using it for a particular purpose

From this reading ““See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.”

farming noun US /ˈfɑːrmɪŋ/

the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock

From this reading “SMALL FARMING.”

flourishing adjective US /ˈflɜːrɪʃɪŋ/

very lively and profitable

From this reading “After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.”

improving adjective US /ˌɪmˈpruːvɪŋ/

getting higher or more vigorous

From this reading ““What have you been doing to keep back this field while all the rest have been improving?””

judicious adjective US /dʒuːˈdɪʃəs/

marked by the exercise of good judgment or common sense in practical matters

From this reading ““See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.”

manifold noun US /ˈmænəfoʊld/

a pipe that has several lateral outlets to or from other pipes

From this reading “After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.”

thriving adjective US /ˈθraɪvɪŋ/

very lively and profitable

From this reading ““See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.”

tokens noun US /ˈtoʊkənz/

plural of “token” — an individual instance of a type of symbol

From this reading “After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

keep back verb + particle

secure and keep for possible future use or application

In this reading ““What have you been doing to keep back this field while all the rest have been improving?””

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading “What have you been doing to keep back this field while all the rest have been improving?”

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.

applicationnounUS /ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən/

the act of bringing something to bear; using it for a particular purpose

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading “What have you been doing to keep back this field while all the rest have been improving?”

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “What have you been doing to keep back this field while all the rest have been improving?”

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading “What have you been doing to keep back this field while all the rest have been improving?”

enjoyingverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “enjoy” — derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.

FARMINGnounUS /ˈfɑːrmɪŋ/

the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock

From this reading SMALL FARMING.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

flourishingadjectiveUS /ˈflɜːrɪʃɪŋ/

very lively and profitable

From this reading After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “What have you been doing to keep back this field while all the rest have been improving?”

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading “What is the matter here, sir?” said my father.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

improvingadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpruːvɪŋ/

getting higher or more vigorous

From this reading “What have you been doing to keep back this field while all the rest have been improving?”

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “What is the matter here, sir?” said my father.

judiciousadjectiveUS /dʒuːˈdɪʃəs/

marked by the exercise of good judgment or common sense in practical matters

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading “What have you been doing to keep back this field while all the rest have been improving?”

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.

Malton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

manifoldnounUS /ˈmænəfoʊld/

a pipe that has several lateral outlets to or from other pipes

From this reading After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading “What is the matter here, sir?” said my father.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

prosperitynounUS /prɑːˈsperəti/

an economic state of growth with rising profits and full employment

From this reading After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading “What have you been doing to keep back this field while all the rest have been improving?”

resultsnounUS /rɪˈzʌlts/

plural of “result” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

rodeverbUS /roʊd/

inflected form of “ride” — sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

SeeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.

sirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading “What is the matter here, sir?” said my father.

SMALLadjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading SMALL FARMING.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading “What have you been doing to keep back this field while all the rest have been improving?”

thrivingadjectiveUS /ˈθraɪvɪŋ/

very lively and profitable

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “What have you been doing to keep back this field while all the rest have been improving?”

tokensnounUS /ˈtoʊkənz/

plural of “token” — an individual instance of a type of symbol

From this reading After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading “What is the matter here, sir?” said my father.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading After enjoying the view of the manifold tokens of prosperity which surrounded us, we were struck by the appearance of a field which looked by far less flourishing than any we had seen.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading “What have you been doing to keep back this field while all the rest have been improving?”

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading “See the results of the judicious application of capital,” said my father, one fine spring day, when I rode with him and Mr. Malton round the thriving property of the latter.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “What have you been doing to keep back this field while all the rest have been improving?”

Chapter 27 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau holds 149 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 27 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) contain?

Chapter 27 holds 149 sentences of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9), unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 27 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 149 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 27 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 27 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 27 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)

Common questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 4509 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70716 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #70716, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 375 minutes of reading across 902 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) section by section

How to work through Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 1 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.