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Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9)
Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9)

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) is here in full — 147 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9)
Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
INNOVATIONS Stand back, sir!” cried the laird to Callum, as soon as the boat brought him within speaking distance.
I always doubt the soundness of a plea which is urged in such a hurry.”
Callum, though much dismayed, ventured to reply that his enemies had told their tale first.
Through no good-will of yours, Callum.
I saw the race between your messenger’s bark and theirs.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9)

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) is here in full — 147 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
INNOVATIONSStand back, sir!” cried the laird to Callum, as soon as the boat brought him within speaking distance.
Line 2
I always doubt the soundness of a plea which is urged in such a hurry.”
/aɪ ˈɔːlweɪz daʊt ðə ˈsaʊndnəs ʌv ə pliː wɪtʃ ɪz ɜːrdʒd ɪn sʌtʃ ə ˈhɜːri/
Line 3
Callum, though much dismayed, ventured to reply that his enemies had told their tale first.
Line 4
Through no good-will of yours, Callum.
Line 5
I saw the race between your messenger’s bark and theirs.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bark noun US /bɑːrk/

tough protective covering of the woody stems and roots of trees and other woody plants

From this reading “I saw the race between your messenger’s bark and theirs.”

dismayed adjective US /dɪˈsmeɪd/

struck with fear, dread, or consternation

From this reading “Callum, though much dismayed, ventured to reply that his enemies had told their tale first.”

innovations noun US /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃənz/

plural of “innovation” — a creation (a new device or process) resulting from study and experimentation

From this reading “INNOVATIONS “Stand back, sir!” cried the laird to Callum, as soon as the boat brought him within speaking distance.”

laird noun US /lerd/

a landowner

From this reading “INNOVATIONS “Stand back, sir!” cried the laird to Callum, as soon as the boat brought him within speaking distance.”

plea noun US /pliː/

a humble request for help from someone in authority

From this reading ““I always doubt the soundness of a plea which is urged in such a hurry.””

soundness noun US /ˈsaʊndnəs/

a state or condition free from damage or decay

From this reading ““I always doubt the soundness of a plea which is urged in such a hurry.””

theirs pronoun US /ðerz/

the one or ones belonging to them

From this reading “I saw the race between your messenger’s bark and theirs.”

ventured verb US /ˈventʃərd/

past form of “venture” — proceed somewhere despite the risk of possible dangers

From this reading “Callum, though much dismayed, ventured to reply that his enemies had told their tale first.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

speaking distance noun + noun

In this reading “INNOVATIONS “Stand back, sir!” cried the laird to Callum, as soon as the boat brought him within speaking distance.”

Stand back verb + particle

stay clear of, avoid

In this reading “INNOVATIONS “Stand back, sir!” cried the laird to Callum, as soon as the boat brought him within speaking distance.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “I always doubt the soundness of a plea which is urged in such a hurry.”

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading “I always doubt the soundness of a plea which is urged in such a hurry.”

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I saw the race between your messenger’s bark and theirs.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading INNOVATIONS “Stand back, sir!” cried the laird to Callum, as soon as the boat brought him within speaking distance.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading INNOVATIONS “Stand back, sir!” cried the laird to Callum, as soon as the boat brought him within speaking distance.

barknounUS /bɑːrk/

tough protective covering of the woody stems and roots of trees and other woody plants

From this reading I saw the race between your messenger’s bark and theirs.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading I saw the race between your messenger’s bark and theirs.

boatnounUS /boʊt/

a small vessel for travel on water

From this reading INNOVATIONS “Stand back, sir!” cried the laird to Callum, as soon as the boat brought him within speaking distance.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading INNOVATIONS “Stand back, sir!” cried the laird to Callum, as soon as the boat brought him within speaking distance.

Callum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading INNOVATIONS “Stand back, sir!” cried the laird to Callum, as soon as the boat brought him within speaking distance.

criedverbUS /kraɪd/

inflected form of “cry” — utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading INNOVATIONS “Stand back, sir!” cried the laird to Callum, as soon as the boat brought him within speaking distance.

dismayedadjectiveUS /dɪˈsmeɪd/

struck with fear, dread, or consternation

From this reading Callum, though much dismayed, ventured to reply that his enemies had told their tale first.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading INNOVATIONS “Stand back, sir!” cried the laird to Callum, as soon as the boat brought him within speaking distance.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading “I always doubt the soundness of a plea which is urged in such a hurry.”

enemiesnounUS /ˈenəmiz/

plural of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading Callum, though much dismayed, ventured to reply that his enemies had told their tale first.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Callum, though much dismayed, ventured to reply that his enemies had told their tale first.

good-will

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Through no good-will of yours, Callum.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Callum, though much dismayed, ventured to reply that his enemies had told their tale first.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading INNOVATIONS “Stand back, sir!” cried the laird to Callum, as soon as the boat brought him within speaking distance.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Callum, though much dismayed, ventured to reply that his enemies had told their tale first.

hurrynounUS /ˈhɜːri/

a condition of urgency making it necessary to hurry

From this reading “I always doubt the soundness of a plea which is urged in such a hurry.”

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “I always doubt the soundness of a plea which is urged in such a hurry.”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “I always doubt the soundness of a plea which is urged in such a hurry.”

INNOVATIONSnounUS /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃənz/

plural of “innovation” — a creation (a new device or process) resulting from study and experimentation

From this reading INNOVATIONS “Stand back, sir!” cried the laird to Callum, as soon as the boat brought him within speaking distance.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “I always doubt the soundness of a plea which is urged in such a hurry.”

lairdnounUS /lerd/

a landowner

From this reading INNOVATIONS “Stand back, sir!” cried the laird to Callum, as soon as the boat brought him within speaking distance.

messenger's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I saw the race between your messenger’s bark and theirs.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Callum, though much dismayed, ventured to reply that his enemies had told their tale first.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading “Through no good-will of yours, Callum.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “I always doubt the soundness of a plea which is urged in such a hurry.”

pleanounUS /pliː/

a humble request for help from someone in authority

From this reading “I always doubt the soundness of a plea which is urged in such a hurry.”

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading I saw the race between your messenger’s bark and theirs.

replynounUS /rɪˈplaɪ/

a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation

From this reading Callum, though much dismayed, ventured to reply that his enemies had told their tale first.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading I saw the race between your messenger’s bark and theirs.

sirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading INNOVATIONS “Stand back, sir!” cried the laird to Callum, as soon as the boat brought him within speaking distance.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading INNOVATIONS “Stand back, sir!” cried the laird to Callum, as soon as the boat brought him within speaking distance.

soundnessnounUS /ˈsaʊndnəs/

a state or condition free from damage or decay

From this reading “I always doubt the soundness of a plea which is urged in such a hurry.”

speakingnounUS /ˈspiːkɪŋ/

the utterance of intelligible speech

From this reading INNOVATIONS “Stand back, sir!” cried the laird to Callum, as soon as the boat brought him within speaking distance.

StandverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading INNOVATIONS “Stand back, sir!” cried the laird to Callum, as soon as the boat brought him within speaking distance.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading “I always doubt the soundness of a plea which is urged in such a hurry.”

talenounUS /teɪl/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Callum, though much dismayed, ventured to reply that his enemies had told their tale first.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Callum, though much dismayed, ventured to reply that his enemies had told their tale first.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading INNOVATIONS “Stand back, sir!” cried the laird to Callum, as soon as the boat brought him within speaking distance.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Callum, though much dismayed, ventured to reply that his enemies had told their tale first.

theirspronounUS /ðerz/

the one or ones belonging to them

From this reading I saw the race between your messenger’s bark and theirs.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Callum, though much dismayed, ventured to reply that his enemies had told their tale first.

ThroughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading “Through no good-will of yours, Callum.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading INNOVATIONS “Stand back, sir!” cried the laird to Callum, as soon as the boat brought him within speaking distance.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading Callum, though much dismayed, ventured to reply that his enemies had told their tale first.

urgedverbUS /ɜːrdʒd/

past form of “urge” — force or impel in an indicated direction

From this reading “I always doubt the soundness of a plea which is urged in such a hurry.”

venturedverbUS /ˈventʃərd/

past form of “venture” — proceed somewhere despite the risk of possible dangers

From this reading Callum, though much dismayed, ventured to reply that his enemies had told their tale first.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading “I always doubt the soundness of a plea which is urged in such a hurry.”

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading INNOVATIONS “Stand back, sir!” cried the laird to Callum, as soon as the boat brought him within speaking distance.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I saw the race between your messenger’s bark and theirs.

yourspronounUS /jʊrz/

the one or ones belonging to the person spoken to

From this reading “Through no good-will of yours, Callum.

Chapter 20 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau holds 147 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) contain?

Chapter 20 holds 147 sentences of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9), unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 147 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9)?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9)

Common questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9)?

Yes. All 4949 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70737 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #70737, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) take to read?

About 412 minutes of reading across 990 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) section by section

How to work through Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 35 chapters of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.