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Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9)
Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9)

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) is here in full — 56 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9)
Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
WHAT IS TO HAPPEN NEXT?
No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.
With Ella and her brothers everything prospered; and their external prosperity was not alloyed by troubles from within.
The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.
That time had, however, come.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9)

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) is here in full — 56 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
WHAT IS TO HAPPEN NEXT?
/wʌt ɪz tuː ˈhæpən nekst/
Line 2
No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.
/noʊ ˈkɑːntræst wʊd biː mɔːr kəmˈpliːt ɔːr mɔːr rɪˈfreʃɪŋ tuː ˈæŋɡəs ðæn ðə steɪt ʌv əˈferz bɪˈloʊ tuː ðæt wɪtʃ hiː wɑːz ˈkɑːnstəntli ˈwɪtnəsɪŋ æt ðə fɑːrm/
Line 3
With Ella and her brothers everything prospered; and their external prosperity was not alloyed by troubles from within.
Line 4
The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.
Line 5
That time had, however, come.
/ðæt taɪm hæd ˌhaʊˈevər kʌm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Angus noun US /ˈæŋɡəs/

Celtic god of love and beauty; patron deity of young men and women

From this reading “No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.”

external adjective US /ɪkˈstɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface

From this reading “With Ella and her brothers everything prospered; and their external prosperity was not alloyed by troubles from within.”

happier adjective US /ˈhæpiər/

comparative of “happy” — enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading “The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.”

offended adjective US /əˈfendəd/

emotionally hurt or upset or annoyed

From this reading “The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.”

prospered verb US /ˈprɑːspərd/

past form of “prosper” — make steady progress; be at the high point in one's career or reach a high point in historical significance or importance

From this reading “With Ella and her brothers everything prospered; and their external prosperity was not alloyed by troubles from within.”

prosperity noun US /prɑːˈsperəti/

an economic state of growth with rising profits and full employment

From this reading “With Ella and her brothers everything prospered; and their external prosperity was not alloyed by troubles from within.”

refreshing adjective US /rɪˈfreʃɪŋ/

imparting vitality and energy

From this reading “No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.”

witnessing verb US /ˈwɪtnəsɪŋ/

-ing form of “witness” — be a witness to

From this reading “No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

former days adjective + noun

In this reading “The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.”

HAPPEN NEXT verb + adjective

In this reading “WHAT IS TO HAPPEN NEXT?”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.

alloyedadjective

(used of metals) debased by mixture with an inferior element

From this reading With Ella and her brothers everything prospered; and their external prosperity was not alloyed by troubles from within.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading With Ella and her brothers everything prospered; and their external prosperity was not alloyed by troubles from within.

AngusnounUS /ˈæŋɡəs/

Celtic god of love and beauty; patron deity of young men and women

From this reading No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.

brothersnounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading With Ella and her brothers everything prospered; and their external prosperity was not alloyed by troubles from within.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading With Ella and her brothers everything prospered; and their external prosperity was not alloyed by troubles from within.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading That time had, however, come.

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.

constantlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnstəntli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.

contrastnounUS /ˈkɑːntræst/

the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared

From this reading No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.

Ella

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With Ella and her brothers everything prospered; and their external prosperity was not alloyed by troubles from within.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading With Ella and her brothers everything prospered; and their external prosperity was not alloyed by troubles from within.

externaladjectiveUS /ɪkˈstɜːrnəl/

happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface

From this reading With Ella and her brothers everything prospered; and their external prosperity was not alloyed by troubles from within.

farmverbUS /fɑːrm/

be a farmer; work as a farmer

From this reading No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.

faultnounUS /fɔːlt/

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading With Ella and her brothers everything prospered; and their external prosperity was not alloyed by troubles from within.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.

HAPPENverbUS /ˈhæpən/

come to pass

From this reading WHAT IS TO HAPPEN NEXT?

happieradjectiveUS /ˈhæpiər/

comparative of “happy” — enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading With Ella and her brothers everything prospered; and their external prosperity was not alloyed by troubles from within.

highlyadverbUS /ˈhaɪli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading That time had, however, come.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.

ISauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading WHAT IS TO HAPPEN NEXT?

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.

NEXTadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading WHAT IS TO HAPPEN NEXT?

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading With Ella and her brothers everything prospered; and their external prosperity was not alloyed by troubles from within.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.

offendedadjectiveUS /əˈfendəd/

emotionally hurt or upset or annoyed

From this reading The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.

prosperedverbUS /ˈprɑːspərd/

past form of “prosper” — make steady progress; be at the high point in one's career or reach a high point in historical significance or importance

From this reading With Ella and her brothers everything prospered; and their external prosperity was not alloyed by troubles from within.

prosperitynounUS /prɑːˈsperəti/

an economic state of growth with rising profits and full employment

From this reading With Ella and her brothers everything prospered; and their external prosperity was not alloyed by troubles from within.

refreshingadjectiveUS /rɪˈfreʃɪŋ/

imparting vitality and energy

From this reading No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.

spokenadjectiveUS /ˈspoʊkən/

uttered through the medium of speech or characterized by speech; sometimes used in combination

From this reading The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading With Ella and her brothers everything prospered; and their external prosperity was not alloyed by troubles from within.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading WHAT IS TO HAPPEN NEXT?

troublesnounUS /ˈtrʌbəlz/

plural of “trouble” — a source of difficulty

From this reading With Ella and her brothers everything prospered; and their external prosperity was not alloyed by troubles from within.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.

WHATpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading WHAT IS TO HAPPEN NEXT?

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The boys used in former days to think there was no fault in Ella, and would have been highly offended if any one had spoken of a time when they would love her better, and be happier with her.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With Ella and her brothers everything prospered; and their external prosperity was not alloyed by troubles from within.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading With Ella and her brothers everything prospered; and their external prosperity was not alloyed by troubles from within.

witnessingverbUS /ˈwɪtnəsɪŋ/

-ing form of “witness” — be a witness to

From this reading No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading No contrast would be more complete or more refreshing to Angus than the state of affairs below to that which he was constantly witnessing at the farm.

Chapter 23 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau holds 56 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) contain?

Chapter 23 holds 56 sentences of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9), unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 56 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9)?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9)

Common questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9)?

Yes. All 4949 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70737 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #70737, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) take to read?

About 412 minutes of reading across 990 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) section by section

How to work through Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 35 chapters of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.