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Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9)
Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9)

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) is here in full — 192 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9)
Context Illustration Reading 1/38 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A DREARY PROSPECT.
A time of leisure, as grievous to the most reckless and indolent as to the superior members of the society, came round ere long.
First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.
No very disastrous consequences followed at first.
There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9)

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) is here in full — 192 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/38 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A DREARY PROSPECT.
/ə ˈdrɪri ˈprɑːspekt/
Line 2
A time of leisure, as grievous to the most reckless and indolent as to the superior members of the society, came round ere long.
/ə taɪm ʌv ˈleʒər æz ˈɡriːvəs tuː ðə moʊst ˈrekləs ənd ˈɪndələnt æz tuː ðə suːˈpɪriər ˈmembərz ʌv ðə səˈsaɪəti keɪm raʊnd er lɔːŋ/
Line 3
First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.
Line 4
No very disastrous consequences followed at first.
/noʊ ˈveri dɪˈzæstrəs ˈkɑːnsəkwensəz ˈfɑːloʊd æt fɜːrst/
Line 5
There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

consumption noun US /kənˈsʌmpʃən/

the process of taking food into the body through the mouth (as by eating)

From this reading “First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.”

crop noun US /krɑːp/

the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading “First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.”

disastrous adjective US /dɪˈzæstrəs/

(of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences; bringing ruin

From this reading “No very disastrous consequences followed at first.”

districts noun US /ˈdɪstrɪkts/

plural of “district” — a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading “There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.”

grievous adjective US /ˈɡriːvəs/

causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm

From this reading “A time of leisure, as grievous to the most reckless and indolent as to the superior members of the society, came round ere long.”

hardship noun US /ˈhɑːrdʃɪp/

a state of misfortune or affliction

From this reading “First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.”

indolent adjective US /ˈɪndələnt/

disinclined to work or exertion

From this reading “A time of leisure, as grievous to the most reckless and indolent as to the superior members of the society, came round ere long.”

moderately adverb US /ˈmɑːdərətli/

to certain extent or degree

From this reading “There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

most reckless adverb + adjective

In this reading “A time of leisure, as grievous to the most reckless and indolent as to the superior members of the society, came round ere long.”

of course preposition + noun

as might be expected

In this reading “First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.”

came round verb + noun counted as “come round”

change one's position or opinion

In this reading “A time of leisure, as grievous to the most reckless and indolent as to the superior members of the society, came round ere long.”

in the shape preposition + article + noun counted as “in … shape”

In this reading “First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.”

All words in this reading · 87

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A DREARY PROSPECT.

abundantadjectiveUS /əˈbʌndənt/

present in great quantity

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

amountnounUS /əˈmaʊnt/

a quantity of money

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A time of leisure, as grievous to the most reckless and indolent as to the superior members of the society, came round ere long.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A time of leisure, as grievous to the most reckless and indolent as to the superior members of the society, came round ere long.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading No very disastrous consequences followed at first.

averageadjectiveUS /ˈævərɪdʒ/

approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading A time of leisure, as grievous to the most reckless and indolent as to the superior members of the society, came round ere long.

complaintnounUS /kəmˈpleɪnt/

an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

consequencesnounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwensəz/

plural of “consequence” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading No very disastrous consequences followed at first.

consumptionnounUS /kənˈsʌmpʃən/

the process of taking food into the body through the mouth (as by eating)

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

cropnounUS /krɑːp/

the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

disastrousadjectiveUS /dɪˈzæstrəs/

(of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences; bringing ruin

From this reading No very disastrous consequences followed at first.

dismaynounUS /dɪˈsmeɪ/

the feeling of despair in the face of obstacles

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

districtsnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkts/

plural of “district” — a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

DREARYadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪri/

lacking in liveliness or charm or surprise

From this reading A DREARY PROSPECT.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

ereconjunctionUS /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading A time of leisure, as grievous to the most reckless and indolent as to the superior members of the society, came round ere long.

favourableadjective

encouraging or approving or pleasing

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

feedverbUS /fiːd/

provide as food

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

FirstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading No very disastrous consequences followed at first.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

Garveloch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

grievousadjectiveUS /ˈɡriːvəs/

causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm

From this reading A time of leisure, as grievous to the most reckless and indolent as to the superior members of the society, came round ere long.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

hardshipnounUS /ˈhɑːrdʃɪp/

a state of misfortune or affliction

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

harvestnounUS /ˈhɑːrvəst/

the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

increasedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːst/

made greater in size or amount or degree

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

indolentadjectiveUS /ˈɪndələnt/

disinclined to work or exertion

From this reading A time of leisure, as grievous to the most reckless and indolent as to the superior members of the society, came round ere long.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

leisurenounUS /ˈleʒər/

time available for ease and relaxation

From this reading A time of leisure, as grievous to the most reckless and indolent as to the superior members of the society, came round ere long.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading A time of leisure, as grievous to the most reckless and indolent as to the superior members of the society, came round ere long.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

membersnounUS /ˈmembərz/

plural of “member” — one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading A time of leisure, as grievous to the most reckless and indolent as to the superior members of the society, came round ere long.

moderatelyadverbUS /ˈmɑːdərətli/

to certain extent or degree

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading A time of leisure, as grievous to the most reckless and indolent as to the superior members of the society, came round ere long.

mouthsnounUS /maʊðz/

plural of “mouth” — the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

neighbouringverbUS /ˈneɪbərɪŋ/

-ing form of “neighbour” — live or be located as a neighbor

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No very disastrous consequences followed at first.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A time of leisure, as grievous to the most reckless and indolent as to the superior members of the society, came round ere long.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

PROSPECTnounUS /ˈprɑːspekt/

the possibility of future success

From this reading A DREARY PROSPECT.

recklessadjectiveUS /ˈrekləs/

marked by defiant disregard for danger or consequences

From this reading A time of leisure, as grievous to the most reckless and indolent as to the superior members of the society, came round ere long.

remarkablyadverbUS /rɪˈmɑːrkəbli/

to a remarkable degree or extent

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading A time of leisure, as grievous to the most reckless and indolent as to the superior members of the society, came round ere long.

seasonnounUS /ˈsiːzən/

a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading A time of leisure, as grievous to the most reckless and indolent as to the superior members of the society, came round ere long.

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

stinted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

superioradjectiveUS /suːˈpɪriər/

of high or superior quality or performance

From this reading A time of leisure, as grievous to the most reckless and indolent as to the superior members of the society, came round ere long.

suppliesnounUS /səˈplaɪz/

plural of “supply” — an amount of something available for use

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A time of leisure, as grievous to the most reckless and indolent as to the superior members of the society, came round ere long.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading A time of leisure, as grievous to the most reckless and indolent as to the superior members of the society, came round ere long.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A time of leisure, as grievous to the most reckless and indolent as to the superior members of the society, came round ere long.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading No very disastrous consequences followed at first.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was much complaint and a little dismay when it was found that supplies must not be looked for from the neighbouring districts, since there also the season had been only moderately favourable, and there were mouths enough to feed in each place to leave no supplies over for Garveloch.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

yieldedverbUS /ˈjiːldɪd/

past form of “yield” — be the cause or source of

From this reading First appeared hardship in the shape of an average crop; for the people having increased their consumption up to the amount of a remarkably abundant harvest, were of course stinted when the soil yielded only the usual return.

Chapter 31 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau holds 192 sentences, grouped into 39 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) contain?

Chapter 31 holds 192 sentences of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9), unabridged, divided into 39 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 192 sentences, grouped into 39 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9)?

Work through the 39 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 39 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9)

Common questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9)?

Yes. All 4949 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70737 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #70737, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) take to read?

About 412 minutes of reading across 990 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) section by section

How to work through Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 2 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.