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Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9)
Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9)

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9) is here in full — 136 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9)
Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A COMMITTEE.
This was an eventful day.
The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.
The effect was exactly what the wisest of them expected; the turn-out became general; and the workmen, being exasperated, put new vigour into all their proceedings.
Their Committee was enlarged and instructed to sit daily.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9)

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9) is here in full — 136 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A COMMITTEE.
/ə kəˈmɪti/
Line 2
This was an eventful day.
/ðɪs wɑːz æn ɪˈventfəl deɪ/
Line 3
The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.
/ðə ˈmæstərz ˈpʌblɪʃt ə ˈplækərd nɑːt ˌhaʊˈevər saɪnd baɪ ɔːl ˈθretənɪŋ tuː tɜːrn ɔːf ˈevəri mæn ɪn ðer emˈplɔɪ huː ʃʊd kənˈtɪnjuː ˈæftər ə ˈsɜːrtən deɪ tuː bɪˈlɔːŋ tuː ðə ˈjuːnjən/
Line 4
The effect was exactly what the wisest of them expected; the turn-out became general; and the workmen, being exasperated, put new vigour into all their proceedings.
Line 5
Their Committee was enlarged and instructed to sit daily.
/ðer kəˈmɪti wɑːz ˌenˈlɑːrdʒd ənd ˌɪnˈstrʌktəd tuː sɪt ˈdeɪli/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

employ verb US /emˈplɔɪ/

put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading “The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.”

enlarged adjective US /ˌenˈlɑːrdʒd/

(of an organ or body part) excessively enlarged as a result of increased size in the constituent cells

From this reading “Their Committee was enlarged and instructed to sit daily.”

eventful adjective US /ɪˈventfəl/

full of events or incidents

From this reading “This was an eventful day.”

exasperated adjective US /ɪɡˈzæspəreɪtɪd/

greatly annoyed; out of patience

From this reading “The effect was exactly what the wisest of them expected; the turn-out became general; and the workmen, being exasperated, put new vigour into all their proceedings.”

instructed verb US /ˌɪnˈstrʌktəd/

past form of “instruct” — impart skills or knowledge to

From this reading “Their Committee was enlarged and instructed to sit daily.”

placard verb US /ˈplækərd/

post in a public place

From this reading “The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.”

wisest adjective US /ˈwaɪzəst/

superlative of “wise” — having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading “The effect was exactly what the wisest of them expected; the turn-out became general; and the workmen, being exasperated, put new vigour into all their proceedings.”

workmen noun US /ˈwɜːrkmɪn/

plural of “workman” — an employee who performs manual or industrial labor

From this reading “The effect was exactly what the wisest of them expected; the turn-out became general; and the workmen, being exasperated, put new vigour into all their proceedings.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

eventful day adjective + noun

In this reading “This was an eventful day.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A COMMITTEE.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading This was an eventful day.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The effect was exactly what the wisest of them expected; the turn-out became general; and the workmen, being exasperated, put new vigour into all their proceedings.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading The effect was exactly what the wisest of them expected; the turn-out became general; and the workmen, being exasperated, put new vigour into all their proceedings.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The effect was exactly what the wisest of them expected; the turn-out became general; and the workmen, being exasperated, put new vigour into all their proceedings.

belongverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋ/

be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

COMMITTEEnounUS /kəˈmɪti/

a special group delegated to consider some matter

From this reading A COMMITTEE.

continueverbUS /kənˈtɪnjuː/

continue a certain state, condition, or activity

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

dailyadverbUS /ˈdeɪli/

every day; without missing a day

From this reading Their Committee was enlarged and instructed to sit daily.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading This was an eventful day.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading The effect was exactly what the wisest of them expected; the turn-out became general; and the workmen, being exasperated, put new vigour into all their proceedings.

employverbUS /emˈplɔɪ/

put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

enlargedadjectiveUS /ˌenˈlɑːrdʒd/

(of an organ or body part) excessively enlarged as a result of increased size in the constituent cells

From this reading Their Committee was enlarged and instructed to sit daily.

eventfuladjectiveUS /ɪˈventfəl/

full of events or incidents

From this reading This was an eventful day.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

exactlyadverbUS /ɪɡˈzæktli/

indicating exactness or preciseness

From this reading The effect was exactly what the wisest of them expected; the turn-out became general; and the workmen, being exasperated, put new vigour into all their proceedings.

exasperatedadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzæspəreɪtɪd/

greatly annoyed; out of patience

From this reading The effect was exactly what the wisest of them expected; the turn-out became general; and the workmen, being exasperated, put new vigour into all their proceedings.

expectedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspektəd/

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading The effect was exactly what the wisest of them expected; the turn-out became general; and the workmen, being exasperated, put new vigour into all their proceedings.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading The effect was exactly what the wisest of them expected; the turn-out became general; and the workmen, being exasperated, put new vigour into all their proceedings.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

instructedverbUS /ˌɪnˈstrʌktəd/

past form of “instruct” — impart skills or knowledge to

From this reading Their Committee was enlarged and instructed to sit daily.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The effect was exactly what the wisest of them expected; the turn-out became general; and the workmen, being exasperated, put new vigour into all their proceedings.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

mastersnounUS /ˈmæstərz/

United States poet (1869-1950)

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The effect was exactly what the wisest of them expected; the turn-out became general; and the workmen, being exasperated, put new vigour into all their proceedings.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The effect was exactly what the wisest of them expected; the turn-out became general; and the workmen, being exasperated, put new vigour into all their proceedings.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

placardverbUS /ˈplækərd/

post in a public place

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

proceedingsnounUS /proʊˈsiːdɪŋz/

(law) the institution of a sequence of steps by which legal judgments are invoked

From this reading The effect was exactly what the wisest of them expected; the turn-out became general; and the workmen, being exasperated, put new vigour into all their proceedings.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The effect was exactly what the wisest of them expected; the turn-out became general; and the workmen, being exasperated, put new vigour into all their proceedings.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

signedadjectiveUS /saɪnd/

having a handwritten signature

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

sitverbUS /sɪt/

be seated

From this reading Their Committee was enlarged and instructed to sit daily.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The effect was exactly what the wisest of them expected; the turn-out became general; and the workmen, being exasperated, put new vigour into all their proceedings.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This was an eventful day.

threateningadjectiveUS /ˈθretənɪŋ/

threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

turn-out

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The effect was exactly what the wisest of them expected; the turn-out became general; and the workmen, being exasperated, put new vigour into all their proceedings.

UnionnounUS /ˈjuːnjən/

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

vigournoun

forceful exertion

From this reading The effect was exactly what the wisest of them expected; the turn-out became general; and the workmen, being exasperated, put new vigour into all their proceedings.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This was an eventful day.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The effect was exactly what the wisest of them expected; the turn-out became general; and the workmen, being exasperated, put new vigour into all their proceedings.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The masters published a placard, (not, however, signed by all,) threatening to turn off every man in their employ who should continue, after a certain day, to belong to the Union.

wisestadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪzəst/

superlative of “wise” — having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading The effect was exactly what the wisest of them expected; the turn-out became general; and the workmen, being exasperated, put new vigour into all their proceedings.

workmennounUS /ˈwɜːrkmɪn/

plural of “workman” — an employee who performs manual or industrial labor

From this reading The effect was exactly what the wisest of them expected; the turn-out became general; and the workmen, being exasperated, put new vigour into all their proceedings.

Chapter 8 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau holds 136 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9) contain?

Chapter 8 holds 136 sentences of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9), unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 136 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9)?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9)

Common questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9)?

Yes. All 4302 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #71169 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #71169, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9) take to read?

About 358 minutes of reading across 861 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9) section by section

How to work through Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 31 chapters of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.