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Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9)
Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9)

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9) is here in full — 101 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
COUSIN MARSHALL’S CHARITIES.
Marshall was a member of the benefit club which met at the Cow and Snuffers.
He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.
His companions, who knew him to be what is commonly called ‘a poor creature,’ smiled, and said that his club served him instead of a set of wits.
He was not a man whose talents could have kept him afloat in bad times, and his club served admirably for a cork-jacket.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9)

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9) is here in full — 101 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
COUSIN MARSHALL’S CHARITIES.
/ˈkʌzən ˈmɑːrʃəlz ˈtʃerətiz/
Line 2
Marshall was a member of the benefit club which met at the Cow and Snuffers.
Line 3
He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.
/hiː hæd ˈfɑːloʊd hɪz ˈfɑːðərz ædˈvaɪs ənd ɪɡˈzæmpəl baɪ enˈroʊlɪŋ hɪz neɪm ɪn ɪt waɪl jet ə ˈveri jʌŋ mæn ənd hiː wɑːz naʊ ˈevəri deɪ ˈfɑːrðər frʌm rɪˈpentɪŋ ðæt hiː hæd ðʌs ˌɪnˈvestəd ðə ˈɜːrnɪŋz ʌv hɪz juːθ/
Line 4
His companions, who knew him to be what is commonly called ‘a poor creature,’ smiled, and said that his club served him instead of a set of wits.
/hɪz kəmˈpænjənz huː nuː hɪm tuː biː wʌt ɪz ˈkɑːmənli kɔːld ə puːr ˈkriːtʃər smaɪld ənd sed ðæt hɪz klʌb sɜːrvd hɪm ˌɪnˈsted ʌv ə set ʌv wɪts/
Line 5
He was not a man whose talents could have kept him afloat in bad times, and his club served admirably for a cork-jacket.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

afloat adjective US /əˈfloʊt/

aimlessly drifting

From this reading “He was not a man whose talents could have kept him afloat in bad times, and his club served admirably for a cork-jacket.”

charities noun US /ˈtʃerətiz/

plural of “charity” — a foundation created to promote the public good (not for assistance to any particular individuals)

From this reading “COUSIN MARSHALL’S CHARITIES.”

earnings noun US /ˈɜːrnɪŋz/

the excess of revenues over outlays in a given period of time (including depreciation and other non-cash expenses)

From this reading “He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.”

enrolling verb US /enˈroʊlɪŋ/

inflected form of “enrol” — register formally as a participant or member

From this reading “He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.”

invested verb US /ˌɪnˈvestəd/

past form of “invest” — make an investment

From this reading “He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.”

Marshall noun US /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

United States actor (1914-1998)

From this reading “COUSIN MARSHALL’S CHARITIES.”

marshall's noun US /ˈmɑːrʃəlz/

possessive form of “marshall” — United States actor (1914-1998)

repenting verb US /rɪˈpentɪŋ/

-ing form of “repent” — turn away from sin or do penitence

From this reading “He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

poor creature adjective + noun

In this reading “His companions, who knew him to be what is commonly called ‘a poor creature,’ smiled, and said that his club served him instead of a set of wits.”

young man adjective + noun

a teenager or a young adult male

In this reading “He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Marshall was a member of the benefit club which met at the Cow and Snuffers.

admirablyadverbUS /ˈædmərəbli/

in an admirable manner

From this reading He was not a man whose talents could have kept him afloat in bad times, and his club served admirably for a cork-jacket.

advicenounUS /ædˈvaɪs/

a proposal for an appropriate course of action

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

afloatadjectiveUS /əˈfloʊt/

aimlessly drifting

From this reading He was not a man whose talents could have kept him afloat in bad times, and his club served admirably for a cork-jacket.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Marshall was a member of the benefit club which met at the Cow and Snuffers.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Marshall was a member of the benefit club which met at the Cow and Snuffers.

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading He was not a man whose talents could have kept him afloat in bad times, and his club served admirably for a cork-jacket.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading His companions, who knew him to be what is commonly called ‘a poor creature,’ smiled, and said that his club served him instead of a set of wits.

benefitnounUS /ˈbenəfɪt/

financial assistance in time of need

From this reading Marshall was a member of the benefit club which met at the Cow and Snuffers.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading His companions, who knew him to be what is commonly called ‘a poor creature,’ smiled, and said that his club served him instead of a set of wits.

CHARITIESnounUS /ˈtʃerətiz/

plural of “charity” — a foundation created to promote the public good (not for assistance to any particular individuals)

From this reading COUSIN MARSHALL’S CHARITIES.

clubnounUS /klʌb/

a team of professional baseball players who play and travel together

From this reading Marshall was a member of the benefit club which met at the Cow and Snuffers.

commonlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːmənli/

under normal conditions

From this reading His companions, who knew him to be what is commonly called ‘a poor creature,’ smiled, and said that his club served him instead of a set of wits.

companionsnounUS /kəmˈpænjənz/

plural of “companion” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading His companions, who knew him to be what is commonly called ‘a poor creature,’ smiled, and said that his club served him instead of a set of wits.

cork-jacket

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not a man whose talents could have kept him afloat in bad times, and his club served admirably for a cork-jacket.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He was not a man whose talents could have kept him afloat in bad times, and his club served admirably for a cork-jacket.

COUSINnounUS /ˈkʌzən/

the child of your aunt or uncle

From this reading COUSIN MARSHALL’S CHARITIES.

CownounUS /kaʊ/

female of domestic cattle: "“moo-cow” is a child's term"

From this reading Marshall was a member of the benefit club which met at the Cow and Snuffers.

creaturenounUS /ˈkriːtʃər/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading His companions, who knew him to be what is commonly called ‘a poor creature,’ smiled, and said that his club served him instead of a set of wits.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

earningsnounUS /ˈɜːrnɪŋz/

the excess of revenues over outlays in a given period of time (including depreciation and other non-cash expenses)

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

enrollingverbUS /enˈroʊlɪŋ/

inflected form of “enrol” — register formally as a participant or member

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

examplenounUS /ɪɡˈzæmpəl/

an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

fartheradjectiveUS /ˈfɑːrðər/

more distant in especially space or time

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

father'snounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He was not a man whose talents could have kept him afloat in bad times, and his club served admirably for a cork-jacket.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He was not a man whose talents could have kept him afloat in bad times, and his club served admirably for a cork-jacket.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His companions, who knew him to be what is commonly called ‘a poor creature,’ smiled, and said that his club served him instead of a set of wits.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

insteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading His companions, who knew him to be what is commonly called ‘a poor creature,’ smiled, and said that his club served him instead of a set of wits.

investedverbUS /ˌɪnˈvestəd/

past form of “invest” — make an investment

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His companions, who knew him to be what is commonly called ‘a poor creature,’ smiled, and said that his club served him instead of a set of wits.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading He was not a man whose talents could have kept him afloat in bad times, and his club served admirably for a cork-jacket.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading His companions, who knew him to be what is commonly called ‘a poor creature,’ smiled, and said that his club served him instead of a set of wits.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

MarshallnounUS /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

United States actor (1914-1998)

From this reading Marshall was a member of the benefit club which met at the Cow and Snuffers.

MARSHALL'SnounUS /ˈmɑːrʃəlz/

possessive form of “marshall” — United States actor (1914-1998)

From this reading COUSIN MARSHALL’S CHARITIES.

membernounUS /ˈmembər/

one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading Marshall was a member of the benefit club which met at the Cow and Snuffers.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading Marshall was a member of the benefit club which met at the Cow and Snuffers.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He was not a man whose talents could have kept him afloat in bad times, and his club served admirably for a cork-jacket.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Marshall was a member of the benefit club which met at the Cow and Snuffers.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading His companions, who knew him to be what is commonly called ‘a poor creature,’ smiled, and said that his club served him instead of a set of wits.

repentingverbUS /rɪˈpentɪŋ/

-ing form of “repent” — turn away from sin or do penitence

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading His companions, who knew him to be what is commonly called ‘a poor creature,’ smiled, and said that his club served him instead of a set of wits.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading His companions, who knew him to be what is commonly called ‘a poor creature,’ smiled, and said that his club served him instead of a set of wits.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading His companions, who knew him to be what is commonly called ‘a poor creature,’ smiled, and said that his club served him instead of a set of wits.

smiledverbUS /smaɪld/

past form of “smile” — change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure

From this reading His companions, who knew him to be what is commonly called ‘a poor creature,’ smiled, and said that his club served him instead of a set of wits.

Snuffersnoun

scissors for cropping and holding the snuff of a candlewick

From this reading Marshall was a member of the benefit club which met at the Cow and Snuffers.

talentsnounUS /ˈtælənts/

plural of “talent” — natural abilities or qualities

From this reading He was not a man whose talents could have kept him afloat in bad times, and his club served admirably for a cork-jacket.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Marshall was a member of the benefit club which met at the Cow and Snuffers.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading He was not a man whose talents could have kept him afloat in bad times, and his club served admirably for a cork-jacket.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading His companions, who knew him to be what is commonly called ‘a poor creature,’ smiled, and said that his club served him instead of a set of wits.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Marshall was a member of the benefit club which met at the Cow and Snuffers.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading His companions, who knew him to be what is commonly called ‘a poor creature,’ smiled, and said that his club served him instead of a set of wits.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Marshall was a member of the benefit club which met at the Cow and Snuffers.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading His companions, who knew him to be what is commonly called ‘a poor creature,’ smiled, and said that his club served him instead of a set of wits.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading He was not a man whose talents could have kept him afloat in bad times, and his club served admirably for a cork-jacket.

witsnounUS /wɪts/

the basic human power of intelligent thought and perception

From this reading His companions, who knew him to be what is commonly called ‘a poor creature,’ smiled, and said that his club served him instead of a set of wits.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

youthnounUS /juːθ/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading He had followed his father’s advice and example by enrolling his name in it while yet a very young man; and he was now every day farther from repenting that he had thus invested the earnings of his youth.

Chapter 18 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau holds 101 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9) contain?

Chapter 18 holds 101 sentences of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9), unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 101 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9)?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9)

Common questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9)?

Yes. All 4302 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #71169 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #71169, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9) take to read?

About 358 minutes of reading across 861 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9) section by section

How to work through Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 31 chapters of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9) to begin.

  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 3 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.