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Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9)
Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9)

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) is here in full — 77 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9)
Context Illustration Reading 1/15 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
OBSERVING AT HAND.
A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.
Such tempting candies in the one window; such shining pins, such a rainbow box of cottons, such rolls of ribands, stuffs, calicoes, and flannels in the other!
The little things could not be persuaded to move off even when White, who was on the watch, bustled about to make a clear path for the lady.
There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9)

Chapter XV

Chapter 15 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) is here in full — 77 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/15 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OBSERVING AT HAND.
/əbˈzɜːrvɪŋ æt hænd/
Line 2
A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.
Line 3
Such tempting candies in the one window; such shining pins, such a rainbow box of cottons, such rolls of ribands, stuffs, calicoes, and flannels in the other!
Line 4
The little things could not be persuaded to move off even when White, who was on the watch, bustled about to make a clear path for the lady.
Line 5
There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bobbing verb US /ˈbɑːbɪŋ/

inflected form of “bob” — move up and down repeatedly

From this reading “There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.”

candies noun US /ˈkændiz/

plural of “candy” — a rich sweet made of flavored sugar and often combined with fruit or nuts

From this reading “Such tempting candies in the one window; such shining pins, such a rainbow box of cottons, such rolls of ribands, stuffs, calicoes, and flannels in the other!”

cottons noun US /ˈkɑːtənz/

plural of “cotton” — soft silky fibers from cotton plants in their raw state

From this reading “Such tempting candies in the one window; such shining pins, such a rainbow box of cottons, such rolls of ribands, stuffs, calicoes, and flannels in the other!”

elbowing noun US /ˈelboʊɪŋ/

jostling with the elbows

From this reading “There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.”

flannels noun US /ˈflænəlz/

plural of “flannel” — a soft light woolen fabric; used for clothing

From this reading “Such tempting candies in the one window; such shining pins, such a rainbow box of cottons, such rolls of ribands, stuffs, calicoes, and flannels in the other!”

grocery noun US /ˈɡroʊsəri/

a marketplace where groceries are sold

From this reading “A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.”

stuffs noun US /stʌfs/

plural of “stuff” — the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading “Such tempting candies in the one window; such shining pins, such a rainbow box of cottons, such rolls of ribands, stuffs, calicoes, and flannels in the other!”

White's noun US /waɪts/

possessive form of “white” — a Caucasian

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

gathered round adjective + noun

In this reading “A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.”

became necessary verb + adjective counted as “become necessary”

In this reading “There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.”

arrived at verb + particle counted as “arrive at”

reach a destination, either real or abstract

In this reading “A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.”

new style adjective + noun

In this reading “A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.”

little children adjective + noun counted as “little child”

In this reading “A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.”

rolls of verb + particle counted as “roll of”

In this reading “Such tempting candies in the one window; such shining pins, such a rainbow box of cottons, such rolls of ribands, stuffs, calicoes, and flannels in the other!”

little things adjective + noun

In this reading “The little things could not be persuaded to move off even when White, who was on the watch, bustled about to make a clear path for the lady.”

AT HAND preposition + noun

close in space; within reach

In this reading “OBSERVING AT HAND.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The little things could not be persuaded to move off even when White, who was on the watch, bustled about to make a clear path for the lady.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading OBSERVING AT HAND.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The little things could not be persuaded to move off even when White, who was on the watch, bustled about to make a clear path for the lady.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

bobbingverbUS /ˈbɑːbɪŋ/

inflected form of “bob” — move up and down repeatedly

From this reading There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.

boxnounUS /bɑːks/

a (usually rectangular) container; may have a lid

From this reading Such tempting candies in the one window; such shining pins, such a rainbow box of cottons, such rolls of ribands, stuffs, calicoes, and flannels in the other!

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.

bustled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The little things could not be persuaded to move off even when White, who was on the watch, bustled about to make a clear path for the lady.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.

calicoes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such tempting candies in the one window; such shining pins, such a rainbow box of cottons, such rolls of ribands, stuffs, calicoes, and flannels in the other!

candiesnounUS /ˈkændiz/

plural of “candy” — a rich sweet made of flavored sugar and often combined with fruit or nuts

From this reading Such tempting candies in the one window; such shining pins, such a rainbow box of cottons, such rolls of ribands, stuffs, calicoes, and flannels in the other!

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading The little things could not be persuaded to move off even when White, who was on the watch, bustled about to make a clear path for the lady.

cottonsnounUS /ˈkɑːtənz/

plural of “cotton” — soft silky fibers from cotton plants in their raw state

From this reading Such tempting candies in the one window; such shining pins, such a rainbow box of cottons, such rolls of ribands, stuffs, calicoes, and flannels in the other!

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The little things could not be persuaded to move off even when White, who was on the watch, bustled about to make a clear path for the lady.

disposedadjectiveUS /dɪˈspoʊzd/

having made preparations

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

draperynounUS /ˈdreɪpəri/

hanging cloth used as a blind (especially for a window)

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

elbowingnounUS /ˈelboʊɪŋ/

jostling with the elbows

From this reading There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.

elegancenounUS /ˈeləɡəns/

a refined quality of gracefulness and good taste

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The little things could not be persuaded to move off even when White, who was on the watch, bustled about to make a clear path for the lady.

flannelsnounUS /ˈflænəlz/

plural of “flannel” — a soft light woolen fabric; used for clothing

From this reading Such tempting candies in the one window; such shining pins, such a rainbow box of cottons, such rolls of ribands, stuffs, calicoes, and flannels in the other!

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The little things could not be persuaded to move off even when White, who was on the watch, bustled about to make a clear path for the lady.

forelocks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.

gatheredadjectiveUS /ˈɡæðərd/

brought together in one place

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

girlsnounUS /ɡɜːrlz/

plural of “girl” — a young female

From this reading There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.

goodsnounUS /ɡʊdz/

plural of “good” — benefit

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

grocerynounUS /ˈɡroʊsəri/

a marketplace where groceries are sold

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

HANDnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading OBSERVING AT HAND.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

honournounUS /ˈɑːnər/

the state of being honored

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

inclinationnounUS /ˌɪnkləˈneɪʃən/

an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.

ladynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading The little things could not be persuaded to move off even when White, who was on the watch, bustled about to make a clear path for the lady.

ladyshipnoun

a title used to address any peeress except a duchess

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

Letitia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading The little things could not be persuaded to move off even when White, who was on the watch, bustled about to make a clear path for the lady.

moveverbUS /muːv/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading The little things could not be persuaded to move off even when White, who was on the watch, bustled about to make a clear path for the lady.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The little things could not be persuaded to move off even when White, who was on the watch, bustled about to make a clear path for the lady.

OBSERVINGadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvɪŋ/

quick to notice; showing quick and keen perception

From this reading OBSERVING AT HAND.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The little things could not be persuaded to move off even when White, who was on the watch, bustled about to make a clear path for the lady.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The little things could not be persuaded to move off even when White, who was on the watch, bustled about to make a clear path for the lady.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Such tempting candies in the one window; such shining pins, such a rainbow box of cottons, such rolls of ribands, stuffs, calicoes, and flannels in the other!

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Such tempting candies in the one window; such shining pins, such a rainbow box of cottons, such rolls of ribands, stuffs, calicoes, and flannels in the other!

pathnounUS /pæθ/

a course of conduct

From this reading The little things could not be persuaded to move off even when White, who was on the watch, bustled about to make a clear path for the lady.

persuadedverbUS /pərˈsweɪdɪd/

past form of “persuade” — win approval or support for

From this reading The little things could not be persuaded to move off even when White, who was on the watch, bustled about to make a clear path for the lady.

pinsnounUS /pɪnz/

plural of “pin” — a piece of jewelry that is pinned onto the wearer's garment

From this reading Such tempting candies in the one window; such shining pins, such a rainbow box of cottons, such rolls of ribands, stuffs, calicoes, and flannels in the other!

plentynounUS /ˈplenti/

a full supply

From this reading There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.

pullingnounUS /ˈpʊlɪŋ/

the act of pulling; applying force to move something toward or with you

From this reading There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.

pushingnounUS /ˈpʊʃɪŋ/

the act of applying force in order to move something away

From this reading There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.

questionsnounUS /ˈkwestʃənz/

plural of “question” — an instance of questioning

From this reading There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.

rainbownounUS /ˈreɪnboʊ/

an arc of colored light in the sky caused by refraction of the sun's rays by rain

From this reading Such tempting candies in the one window; such shining pins, such a rainbow box of cottons, such rolls of ribands, stuffs, calicoes, and flannels in the other!

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

ribands

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Such tempting candies in the one window; such shining pins, such a rainbow box of cottons, such rolls of ribands, stuffs, calicoes, and flannels in the other!

rollsnounUS /roʊlz/

plural of “roll” — rotary motion of an object around its own axis

From this reading Such tempting candies in the one window; such shining pins, such a rainbow box of cottons, such rolls of ribands, stuffs, calicoes, and flannels in the other!

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

shiningadjectiveUS /ˈʃaɪnɪŋ/

marked by exceptional merit

From this reading Such tempting candies in the one window; such shining pins, such a rainbow box of cottons, such rolls of ribands, stuffs, calicoes, and flannels in the other!

shopverbUS /ʃɑːp/

do one's shopping

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

signingnounUS /ˈsaɪnɪŋ/

language expressed by visible hand gestures

From this reading There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.

somebodypronounUS /ˈsʌmbɑːdi/

a person, without saying who

From this reading There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.

stuffsnounUS /stʌfs/

plural of “stuff” — the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading Such tempting candies in the one window; such shining pins, such a rainbow box of cottons, such rolls of ribands, stuffs, calicoes, and flannels in the other!

stylenounUS /staɪl/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Such tempting candies in the one window; such shining pins, such a rainbow box of cottons, such rolls of ribands, stuffs, calicoes, and flannels in the other!

temptingadjectiveUS /ˈtemptɪŋ/

highly attractive and able to arouse hope or desire

From this reading Such tempting candies in the one window; such shining pins, such a rainbow box of cottons, such rolls of ribands, stuffs, calicoes, and flannels in the other!

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading The little things could not be persuaded to move off even when White, who was on the watch, bustled about to make a clear path for the lady.

Thérèse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The little things could not be persuaded to move off even when White, who was on the watch, bustled about to make a clear path for the lady.

tribenounUS /traɪb/

a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

watchverbUS /wɑːtʃ/

look attentively

From this reading The little things could not be persuaded to move off even when White, who was on the watch, bustled about to make a clear path for the lady.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading There was plenty of bobbing from the girls, and pulling of forelocks from the boys; plenty of elbowing, and pushing, and signing, when it became necessary for somebody to speak in answer to her kind questions; but there was no inclination to make way.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The little things could not be persuaded to move off even when White, who was on the watch, bustled about to make a clear path for the lady.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

WhitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading The little things could not be persuaded to move off even when White, who was on the watch, bustled about to make a clear path for the lady.

White'snounUS /waɪts/

possessive form of “white” — a Caucasian

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The little things could not be persuaded to move off even when White, who was on the watch, bustled about to make a clear path for the lady.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading Such tempting candies in the one window; such shining pins, such a rainbow box of cottons, such rolls of ribands, stuffs, calicoes, and flannels in the other!

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading A tribe of little children had gathered round Mrs. White’s windows before Letitia and Thérèse arrived at the shop; the reason of which was that the grocery and drapery goods were disposed in a new style of elegance, in honour of her ladyship.

Chapter 15 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau holds 77 sentences, grouped into 16 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) contain?

Chapter 15 holds 77 sentences of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9), unabridged, divided into 16 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 77 sentences, grouped into 16 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9)?

Work through the 16 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 16 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 4241 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #71544 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #71544, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) take to read?

About 353 minutes of reading across 849 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.