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Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9)
Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9)

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) is here in full — 188 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9)
Context Illustration Reading 1/37 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
OBSERVING AFAR.
The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.
It was not old Joel’s way to alter his pace or his purposes for man or woman, be they who they might.
Children only had any power over him; and they only as long as they were unconscious of it.
“Is the sexton one of the equality folks?” asked Letitia of White.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9)

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) is here in full — 188 sentences across 38 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/37 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OBSERVING AFAR.
/əbˈzɜːrvɪŋ əˈfɑːr/
Line 2
The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.
/ðə oʊld ˈsekstən pərˈsuːd hɪz weɪ tuː ðə tʃɜːrtʃ wɪˈθaʊt ˈlʊkɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd hɪm ðoʊ meɪd əˈwer baɪ ðə ˈbʌsəl ərˈaʊnd ðæt ˈstreɪndʒərz wɜːr ɪn hɪz rɪr/
Line 3
It was not old Joel’s way to alter his pace or his purposes for man or woman, be they who they might.
/ɪt wɑːz nɑːt oʊld ˈdʒoʊəlz weɪ tuː ˈɔːltər hɪz peɪs ɔːr hɪz ˈpɜːrpəsəz fɔːr mæn ɔːr ˈwʊmən biː ðeɪ huː ðeɪ maɪt/
Line 4
Children only had any power over him; and they only as long as they were unconscious of it.
/ˈtʃɪldrən ˈoʊnli hæd ˈeni ˈpaʊər ˈoʊvər hɪm ənd ðeɪ ˈoʊnli æz lɔːŋ æz ðeɪ wɜːr ˌʌnˈkɑːnʃəs ʌv ɪt/
Line 5
“Is the sexton one of the equality folks?” asked Letitia of White.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

afar adverb US /əˈfɑːr/

(old-fashioned) at or from or to a great distance; far

From this reading “OBSERVING AFAR.”

alter verb US /ˈɔːltər/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading “It was not old Joel’s way to alter his pace or his purposes for man or woman, be they who they might.”

bustle noun US /ˈbʌsəl/

a rapid active commotion

From this reading “The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.”

equality noun US /ɪˈkwɑːləti/

the quality of being the same in quantity or measure or value or status

From this reading ““Is the sexton one of the equality folks?” asked Letitia of White.”

Joel's noun US /ˈdʒoʊəlz/

possessive form of “joel” — a Hebrew minor prophet

observing adjective US /əbˈzɜːrvɪŋ/

quick to notice; showing quick and keen perception

From this reading “OBSERVING AFAR.”

purposes noun US /ˈpɜːrpəsəz/

plural of “purpose” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading “It was not old Joel’s way to alter his pace or his purposes for man or woman, be they who they might.”

sexton noun US /ˈsekstən/

United States poet (1928-1974)

From this reading “The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

without looking preposition + noun

In this reading “The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AFARadverbUS /əˈfɑːr/

(old-fashioned) at or from or to a great distance; far

From this reading OBSERVING AFAR.

alterverbUS /ˈɔːltər/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading It was not old Joel’s way to alter his pace or his purposes for man or woman, be they who they might.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Children only had any power over him; and they only as long as they were unconscious of it.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Children only had any power over him; and they only as long as they were unconscious of it.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Children only had any power over him; and they only as long as they were unconscious of it.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading “Is the sexton one of the equality folks?” asked Letitia of White.

awareadjectiveUS /əˈwer/

(sometimes followed by “of”) having or showing knowledge or understanding or realization or perception

From this reading The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It was not old Joel’s way to alter his pace or his purposes for man or woman, be they who they might.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.

bustlenounUS /ˈbʌsəl/

a rapid active commotion

From this reading The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.

ChildrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading Children only had any power over him; and they only as long as they were unconscious of it.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.

equalitynounUS /ɪˈkwɑːləti/

the quality of being the same in quantity or measure or value or status

From this reading “Is the sexton one of the equality folks?” asked Letitia of White.

folksnounUS /foʊks/

your parents

From this reading “Is the sexton one of the equality folks?” asked Letitia of White.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was not old Joel’s way to alter his pace or his purposes for man or woman, be they who they might.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Children only had any power over him; and they only as long as they were unconscious of it.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.

Isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “Is the sexton one of the equality folks?” asked Letitia of White.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was not old Joel’s way to alter his pace or his purposes for man or woman, be they who they might.

Joel'snounUS /ˈdʒoʊəlz/

possessive form of “joel” — a Hebrew minor prophet

From this reading It was not old Joel’s way to alter his pace or his purposes for man or woman, be they who they might.

Letitia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Is the sexton one of the equality folks?” asked Letitia of White.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Children only had any power over him; and they only as long as they were unconscious of it.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading It was not old Joel’s way to alter his pace or his purposes for man or woman, be they who they might.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading It was not old Joel’s way to alter his pace or his purposes for man or woman, be they who they might.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was not old Joel’s way to alter his pace or his purposes for man or woman, be they who they might.

OBSERVINGadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvɪŋ/

quick to notice; showing quick and keen perception

From this reading OBSERVING AFAR.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Children only had any power over him; and they only as long as they were unconscious of it.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “Is the sexton one of the equality folks?” asked Letitia of White.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Children only had any power over him; and they only as long as they were unconscious of it.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It was not old Joel’s way to alter his pace or his purposes for man or woman, be they who they might.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Children only had any power over him; and they only as long as they were unconscious of it.

pacenounUS /peɪs/

the rate of moving (especially walking or running)

From this reading It was not old Joel’s way to alter his pace or his purposes for man or woman, be they who they might.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading Children only had any power over him; and they only as long as they were unconscious of it.

purposesnounUS /ˈpɜːrpəsəz/

plural of “purpose” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading It was not old Joel’s way to alter his pace or his purposes for man or woman, be they who they might.

pursuednounUS /pərˈsuːd/

a person who is being chased

From this reading The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.

rearnounUS /rɪr/

the back of a military formation or procession

From this reading The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.

sextonnounUS /ˈsekstən/

United States poet (1928-1974)

From this reading The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.

strangersnounUS /ˈstreɪndʒərz/

plural of “stranger” — anyone who does not belong in the environment in which they are found

From this reading The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was not old Joel’s way to alter his pace or his purposes for man or woman, be they who they might.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.

unconsciousadjectiveUS /ˌʌnˈkɑːnʃəs/

not conscious; lacking awareness and the capacity for sensory perception as if asleep or dead

From this reading Children only had any power over him; and they only as long as they were unconscious of it.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was not old Joel’s way to alter his pace or his purposes for man or woman, be they who they might.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.

WhitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading “Is the sexton one of the equality folks?” asked Letitia of White.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It was not old Joel’s way to alter his pace or his purposes for man or woman, be they who they might.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The old sexton pursued his way to the church without looking behind him, though made aware by the bustle around that strangers were in his rear.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading It was not old Joel’s way to alter his pace or his purposes for man or woman, be they who they might.

Chapter 16 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau holds 188 sentences, grouped into 38 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) contain?

Chapter 16 holds 188 sentences of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9), unabridged, divided into 38 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 188 sentences, grouped into 38 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9)?

Work through the 38 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 38 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9)

Common questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9)?

Yes. All 4241 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #71544 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #71544, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) take to read?

About 353 minutes of reading across 849 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) section by section

How to work through Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 28 chapters of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.