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Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9)
Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9)

Chapter XX · Vine-Growing

Chapter XX of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9), “Vine-Growing,” is here in full — 149 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Chapter 20 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau holds 149 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) contain?

Chapter 20 holds 149 sentences of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9), unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 149 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9)?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Yes. All 4241 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #71544 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #71544, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 353 minutes of reading across 849 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
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It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.
Steele was settled as a factor at Bordeaux, and his business was to purchase wines from the growers, and ship them to his employers in England.
His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.
Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.
The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9)

Chapter XX · Vine-Growing

Chapter XX of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9), “Vine-Growing,” is here in full — 149 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.
Line 2
Steele was settled as a factor at Bordeaux, and his business was to purchase wines from the growers, and ship them to his employers in England.
Line 3
His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.
Line 4
Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.
Line 5
The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.”

Every determiner US /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading “His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.”

Therefore adverb US /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading “The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.”

Upon preposition US /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading “The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.”

Whence adverb US /wens/

an old word meaning “from where”

From this reading “It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.”

Within preposition US /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading “His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.”

All words in this reading · 115

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1788

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

acquaintance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.

acquainted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.

advantageous

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

afternoon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

agreed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.

almost

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Steele was settled as a factor at Bordeaux, and his business was to purchase wines from the growers, and ship them to his employers in England.

Antoine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.

apart

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Steele was settled as a factor at Bordeaux, and his business was to purchase wines from the growers, and ship them to his employers in England.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Steele was settled as a factor at Bordeaux, and his business was to purchase wines from the growers, and ship them to his employers in England.

bank

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

banks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

bargained

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.

boat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

Bordeaux

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

brought

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.

business

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.

case

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.

claret

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

come

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

command

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

employers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Steele was settled as a factor at Bordeaux, and his business was to purchase wines from the growers, and ship them to his employers in England.

England

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Steele was settled as a factor at Bordeaux, and his business was to purchase wines from the growers, and ship them to his employers in England.

English

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.

Englishman

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

equal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

esteem

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.

excursion

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

factor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Steele was settled as a factor at Bordeaux, and his business was to purchase wines from the growers, and ship them to his employers in England.

few

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

fifty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.

fine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

first

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

five

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.

friendship

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Steele was settled as a factor at Bordeaux, and his business was to purchase wines from the growers, and ship them to his employers in England.

Garonne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

glorious

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

good

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

growers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Steele was settled as a factor at Bordeaux, and his business was to purchase wines from the growers, and ship them to his employers in England.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Steele was settled as a factor at Bordeaux, and his business was to purchase wines from the growers, and ship them to his employers in England.

house

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

July

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

landed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

leagues

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.

Luyon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.

miles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

named

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

nearly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

next

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.

occupation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.

owner

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

Paris

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

part

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

pleasure

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

produce

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From this reading The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.

produced

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From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

purchase

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From this reading Steele was settled as a factor at Bordeaux, and his business was to purchase wines from the growers, and ship them to his employers in England.

quality

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From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

represented

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From this reading The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.

rich

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From this reading The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.

ripened

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From this reading His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.

sale

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From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

seasons

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From this reading The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.

second

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From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

set

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From this reading The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.

settled

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From this reading Steele was settled as a factor at Bordeaux, and his business was to purchase wines from the growers, and ship them to his employers in England.

ship

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From this reading Steele was settled as a factor at Bordeaux, and his business was to purchase wines from the growers, and ship them to his employers in England.

singularly

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From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

small

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From this reading The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.

some

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From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

south

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From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

Steele

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From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

terms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Steele was settled as a factor at Bordeaux, and his business was to purchase wines from the growers, and ship them to his employers in England.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.

third-rate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Steele was settled as a factor at Bordeaux, and his business was to purchase wines from the growers, and ship them to his employers in England.

too

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

up

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.

vine-grower

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.

vineyard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.

vineyards

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

vintage

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The produce of this small and rich vineyard was therefore set apart for English sale, and had been bargained for by the house which Steele represented, and the terms agreed upon for the vintage of the five next seasons.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

western

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

whenceadverbUS /wens/

an old word meaning “from where”

From this reading It was on a glorious afternoon in July, 1788, that an Englishman, named Steele, landed on the banks of the Garonne, a few miles south of Bordeaux, whence he had come up in a boat on an excursion of part business, part pleasure.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Antoine was part owner of some vineyards on the western bank of the Garonne, one of which produced claret of a singularly fine quality,—too good to command an advantageous sale at Paris, where second and third-rate wines are in nearly equal esteem with the first.

wines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Steele was settled as a factor at Bordeaux, and his business was to purchase wines from the growers, and ship them to his employers in England.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading His occupation had brought him acquainted with almost every vine-grower within fifty leagues of Bordeaux; and in the case of one of these, Antoine Luyon, the acquaintance had ripened into a friendship.