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Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9)
Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9)

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) is here in full — 125 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
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SIGNS OF THE TIME.
Charles Luyon was wont to hasten home at dinner-time with as much cheerfulness in his countenance as alacrity in his gait.
He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”
Times were now, however, altering so speedily that it was evident that Charles must vary his entré.
His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9)

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) is here in full — 125 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SIGNS OF THE TIME.
/saɪnz ʌv ðə taɪm/
Line 2
Charles Luyon was wont to hasten home at dinner-time with as much cheerfulness in his countenance as alacrity in his gait.
Line 3
He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”
Line 4
Times were now, however, altering so speedily that it was evident that Charles must vary his entré.
Line 5
His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.
/hɪz smaɪl hiː wɑːz ˈlaɪkli ɪˈnʌf tuː prəˈzɜːrv ˈhæpən wʌt maɪt bʌt ɪn ðə ˈɑːrtəkəl ʌv nuːz hiː bɪˈɡæn tuː biː pərˈplekst fɔːr ˌwʌˈtevər wɑːz naʊ ˈstɜːrɪŋ wɑːz ʌv ə kaɪnd wɪð wɪtʃ ɪt wɑːz ˈpeɪnfəl tuː kənˈfjuːz ənd ˈtrʌbəl ə ˈveri oʊld mæn huː ˈnevər went əˈbrɔːd bʌt jet ˈmænədʒd tuː noʊ ˈsʌmθɪŋ ʌv wʌt wɑːz ˈɡoʊɪŋ ɑːn baɪ ˈfɪksɪŋ hɪz siːt ˈkɑːnstəntli æt ðə ˈwɪndoʊ ənd ˈjuːzɪŋ hɪz aɪz wɪtʃ wɜːr les ɪnˈfɜːrm ðæn hɪz ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alacrity noun US /əˈlækrəti/

liveliness and eagerness

From this reading “Charles Luyon was wont to hasten home at dinner-time with as much cheerfulness in his countenance as alacrity in his gait.”

altering noun US /ˈɔːltərɪŋ/

the sterilization of an animal

From this reading “Times were now, however, altering so speedily that it was evident that Charles must vary his entré.”

cheerfulness noun US /ˈtʃɪrfəlnəs/

the quality of being cheerful and dispelling gloom

From this reading “Charles Luyon was wont to hasten home at dinner-time with as much cheerfulness in his countenance as alacrity in his gait.”

confuse verb US /kənˈfjuːz/

mistake one thing for another

From this reading “His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.”

gait noun US /ɡeɪt/

the rate of moving (especially walking or running)

From this reading “Charles Luyon was wont to hasten home at dinner-time with as much cheerfulness in his countenance as alacrity in his gait.”

infirm adjective US /ɪnˈfɜːrm/

lacking bodily or muscular strength or vitality

From this reading “His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.”

invariable adjective US /ˌɪnˈveriəbəl/

not liable to or capable of change

From this reading “He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?””

vary verb US /ˈveri/

become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence

From this reading “Times were now, however, altering so speedily that it was evident that Charles must vary his entré.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

old man adjective + noun

a man who is very old

In this reading “His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.”

went abroad verb + particle counted as “go abroad”

In this reading “His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.”

looked anxiously verb + particle counted as “look anxiously”

In this reading “He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?””

aged father adjective + noun

In this reading “He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?””

likely enough adjective + noun

In this reading “His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.”

hasten home verb + noun

In this reading “Charles Luyon was wont to hasten home at dinner-time with as much cheerfulness in his countenance as alacrity in his gait.”

at the window preposition + article + noun counted as “at … window”

In this reading “His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.”

All words in this reading · 105

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

abroadadverbUS /əˈbrɔːd/

to or in a foreign country

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

agedadjectiveUS /eɪdʒd/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

alacritynounUS /əˈlækrəti/

liveliness and eagerness

From this reading Charles Luyon was wont to hasten home at dinner-time with as much cheerfulness in his countenance as alacrity in his gait.

alteringnounUS /ˈɔːltərɪŋ/

the sterilization of an animal

From this reading Times were now, however, altering so speedily that it was evident that Charles must vary his entré.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

anxiouslyadverbUS /ˈæŋkʃəsli/

with anxiety or apprehension

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

articlenounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəl/

nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Charles Luyon was wont to hasten home at dinner-time with as much cheerfulness in his countenance as alacrity in his gait.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Charles Luyon was wont to hasten home at dinner-time with as much cheerfulness in his countenance as alacrity in his gait.

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading Charles Luyon was wont to hasten home at dinner-time with as much cheerfulness in his countenance as alacrity in his gait.

cheerfulnessnounUS /ˈtʃɪrfəlnəs/

the quality of being cheerful and dispelling gloom

From this reading Charles Luyon was wont to hasten home at dinner-time with as much cheerfulness in his countenance as alacrity in his gait.

confuseverbUS /kənˈfjuːz/

mistake one thing for another

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

constantlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnstəntli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

countenancenounUS /ˈkaʊntənəns/

the appearance conveyed by a person's face

From this reading Charles Luyon was wont to hasten home at dinner-time with as much cheerfulness in his countenance as alacrity in his gait.

dinner-time

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Charles Luyon was wont to hasten home at dinner-time with as much cheerfulness in his countenance as alacrity in his gait.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

entré

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Times were now, however, altering so speedily that it was evident that Charles must vary his entré.

evidentadjectiveUS /ˈevədənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading Times were now, however, altering so speedily that it was evident that Charles must vary his entré.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

fixingnounUS /ˈfɪksɪŋ/

the act of putting something in working order again

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

gaitnounUS /ɡeɪt/

the rate of moving (especially walking or running)

From this reading Charles Luyon was wont to hasten home at dinner-time with as much cheerfulness in his countenance as alacrity in his gait.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

happenverbUS /ˈhæpən/

come to pass

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

hastenverbUS /ˈheɪsən/

act or move at high speed

From this reading Charles Luyon was wont to hasten home at dinner-time with as much cheerfulness in his countenance as alacrity in his gait.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Charles Luyon was wont to hasten home at dinner-time with as much cheerfulness in his countenance as alacrity in his gait.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Charles Luyon was wont to hasten home at dinner-time with as much cheerfulness in his countenance as alacrity in his gait.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Times were now, however, altering so speedily that it was evident that Charles must vary his entré.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Charles Luyon was wont to hasten home at dinner-time with as much cheerfulness in his countenance as alacrity in his gait.

infirmadjectiveUS /ɪnˈfɜːrm/

lacking bodily or muscular strength or vitality

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

invariableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈveriəbəl/

not liable to or capable of change

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Times were now, however, altering so speedily that it was evident that Charles must vary his entré.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

likelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪkli/

has a good chance of being the case or of coming about

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

Luyon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Charles Luyon was wont to hasten home at dinner-time with as much cheerfulness in his countenance as alacrity in his gait.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

managedverbUS /ˈmænədʒd/

past form of “manage” — be successful; achieve a goal

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Charles Luyon was wont to hasten home at dinner-time with as much cheerfulness in his countenance as alacrity in his gait.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Times were now, however, altering so speedily that it was evident that Charles must vary his entré.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

newsnounUS /nuːz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Times were now, however, altering so speedily that it was evident that Charles must vary his entré.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading SIGNS OF THE TIME.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

painfuladjectiveUS /ˈpeɪnfəl/

causing physical or psychological pain

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

perplexedadjectiveUS /pərˈplekst/

full of difficulty or confusion or bewilderment

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

preserveverbUS /prəˈzɜːrv/

keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

Raucourt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

SIGNSnounUS /saɪnz/

plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading SIGNS OF THE TIME.

smileverbUS /smaɪl/

change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Times were now, however, altering so speedily that it was evident that Charles must vary his entré.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

speedilyadverbUS /ˈspiːdəli/

with speed

From this reading Times were now, however, altering so speedily that it was evident that Charles must vary his entré.

stirringnounUS /ˈstɜːrɪŋ/

agitating a liquid with an implement

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Times were now, however, altering so speedily that it was evident that Charles must vary his entré.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SIGNS OF THE TIME.

tidingsnounUS /ˈtaɪdɪŋz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

TIMEnounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading SIGNS OF THE TIME.

TimesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading Times were now, however, altering so speedily that it was evident that Charles must vary his entré.

timidadjectiveUS /ˈtɪmɪd/

showing fear and lack of confidence

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Charles Luyon was wont to hasten home at dinner-time with as much cheerfulness in his countenance as alacrity in his gait.

troublenounUS /ˈtrʌbəl/

a source of difficulty

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

understandingnounUS /ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ/

the cognitive condition of someone who understands

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

usingnounUS /ˈjuːzɪŋ/

an act that exploits or victimizes someone (treats them unfairly)

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

varyverbUS /ˈveri/

become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence

From this reading Times were now, however, altering so speedily that it was evident that Charles must vary his entré.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Charles Luyon was wont to hasten home at dinner-time with as much cheerfulness in his countenance as alacrity in his gait.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading He always had a smile ready when his timid wife looked anxiously in his face, and generally some tidings which were not bad, when her aged father, M. Raucourt, asked his invariable question,—“What news, Charles?”

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Charles Luyon was wont to hasten home at dinner-time with as much cheerfulness in his countenance as alacrity in his gait.

wontnounUS /woʊnt/

an established custom

From this reading Charles Luyon was wont to hasten home at dinner-time with as much cheerfulness in his countenance as alacrity in his gait.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading His smile he was likely enough to preserve, happen what might; but in the article of news he began to be perplexed; for whatever was now stirring was of a kind with which it was painful to confuse and trouble a very old man, who never went abroad, but yet managed to know something of what was going on by fixing his seat constantly at the window, and using his eyes, which were less infirm than his understanding.

Chapter 21 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau holds 125 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) contain?

Chapter 21 holds 125 sentences of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9), unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 125 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9)?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Vocabulary met early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 4 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.