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Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9)
Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9)

Chapter IV · A Wounded Spirit

Chapter IV of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9), “A Wounded Spirit,” is here in full — 216 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Chapter 4 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau holds 216 sentences, grouped into 44 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9) contain?

Chapter 4 holds 216 sentences of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9), unabridged, divided into 44 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 216 sentences, grouped into 44 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9)?

Work through the 44 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 44 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9)

Common questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9)?

Yes. All 5038 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #72008 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #72008, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9) take to read?

About 419 minutes of reading across 1008 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9) section by section

How to work through Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 28 chapters of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9) to begin.

  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cover illustration for Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9)
Context Illustration Reading 1/44 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.
Amidst the manifold woes of both positions, each had some advantages over the other.
The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.
On the other hand, they were exposed to the control of Russian task-masters; and it was all a chance whether they would be tyrannical, or whether they would appreciate and reward skill and industry.
Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.
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Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9)

Chapter IV · A Wounded Spirit

Chapter IV of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 5 (of 9), “A Wounded Spirit,” is here in full — 216 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/44 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.
Line 2
Amidst the manifold woes of both positions, each had some advantages over the other.
Line 3
The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.
Line 4
On the other hand, they were exposed to the control of Russian task-masters; and it was all a chance whether they would be tyrannical, or whether they would appreciate and reward skill and industry.
Line 5
Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Alone adjective US /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading “Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.”

Amidst preposition US /əˈmɪdst/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading “Amidst the manifold woes of both positions, each had some advantages over the other.”

Among preposition US /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading “Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.”

Amount verb US /əˈmaʊnt/

to reach or total a particular quantity or value

From this reading “The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.”

Exposed adjective US /ɪkˈspəʊzd/

left open to danger or view left open to danger or public view

From this reading “On the other hand, they were exposed to the control of Russian task-masters; and it was all a chance whether they would be tyrannical, or whether they would appreciate and reward skill and industry.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.”

Might modal verb US /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading “The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.”

Mine pronoun US /maɪn/

the one or ones belonging to the person speaking

From this reading “If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.”

Over preposition US /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “Amidst the manifold woes of both positions, each had some advantages over the other.”

Relief noun US /rɪˈliːf/

a feeling of comfort after worry or pain

From this reading “The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.”

Themselves pronoun US /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading “The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.”

Those determiner US /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading “Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.”

Whether conjunction US /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading “If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.”

While conjunction US /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading “The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.”

Whose determiner US /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading “The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.”

Would modal verb US /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading “If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.”

All words in this reading · 119

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

advantages

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Amidst the manifold woes of both positions, each had some advantages over the other.

Again

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the other hand, they were exposed to the control of Russian task-masters; and it was all a chance whether they would be tyrannical, or whether they would appreciate and reward skill and industry.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.

AmidstprepositionUS /əˈmɪdst/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading Amidst the manifold woes of both positions, each had some advantages over the other.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.

amountverbUS /əˈmaʊnt/

to reach or total a particular quantity or value

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

appoint

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

appreciate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the other hand, they were exposed to the control of Russian task-masters; and it was all a chance whether they would be tyrannical, or whether they would appreciate and reward skill and industry.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

attached

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

borders

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Amidst the manifold woes of both positions, each had some advantages over the other.

burden

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

chance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the other hand, they were exposed to the control of Russian task-masters; and it was all a chance whether they would be tyrannical, or whether they would appreciate and reward skill and industry.

choice

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

control

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the other hand, they were exposed to the control of Russian task-masters; and it was all a chance whether they would be tyrannical, or whether they would appreciate and reward skill and industry.

cultivators

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.

daily

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

decision

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

difficult

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

dreary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.

dry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.

dwellings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Amidst the manifold woes of both positions, each had some advantages over the other.

end

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

execute

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

exercise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

exposedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspəʊzd/

left open to danger or view left open to danger or public view

From this reading On the other hand, they were exposed to the control of Russian task-masters; and it was all a chance whether they would be tyrannical, or whether they would appreciate and reward skill and industry.

family

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

fir-woods

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

found

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

hand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the other hand, they were exposed to the control of Russian task-masters; and it was all a chance whether they would be tyrannical, or whether they would appreciate and reward skill and industry.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

hearts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

high

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

improvement

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

industry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the other hand, they were exposed to the control of Russian task-masters; and it was all a chance whether they would be tyrannical, or whether they would appreciate and reward skill and industry.

instead

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.

intelligence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

labour

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

land

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

less

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.

located

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

make

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

manifold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Amidst the manifold woes of both positions, each had some advantages over the other.

marsh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.

midst

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

minds

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From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

minepronounUS /maɪn/

the one or ones belonging to the person speaking

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

miners

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From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

mouth

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From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

offered

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From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

other

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Amidst the manifold woes of both positions, each had some advantages over the other.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Amidst the manifold woes of both positions, each had some advantages over the other.

overwrought

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

Owzin

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From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

picturesque

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From this reading Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.

plots

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

positions

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Amidst the manifold woes of both positions, each had some advantages over the other.

rather

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

regular

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

reliefnounUS /rɪˈliːf/

a feeling of comfort after worry or pain

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

required

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

resolution

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

responsible

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

reward

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From this reading On the other hand, they were exposed to the control of Russian task-masters; and it was all a chance whether they would be tyrannical, or whether they would appreciate and reward skill and industry.

rocks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.

room

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

Russian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the other hand, they were exposed to the control of Russian task-masters; and it was all a chance whether they would be tyrannical, or whether they would appreciate and reward skill and industry.

season

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

serfs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

silver

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

sinking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

situated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.

skill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the other hand, they were exposed to the control of Russian task-masters; and it was all a chance whether they would be tyrannical, or whether they would appreciate and reward skill and industry.

soil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

some

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Amidst the manifold woes of both positions, each had some advantages over the other.

somewhat

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.

standing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.

task

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

task-masters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the other hand, they were exposed to the control of Russian task-masters; and it was all a chance whether they would be tyrannical, or whether they would appreciate and reward skill and industry.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

there

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

tyrannical

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the other hand, they were exposed to the control of Russian task-masters; and it was all a chance whether they would be tyrannical, or whether they would appreciate and reward skill and industry.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading The regular amount of labour required of the miners,—labour in which there was room for the exercise of intelligence,—was a relief rather than a burden to overwrought minds and sinking hearts; while they might not have had resolution to appoint for themselves, and execute, a daily task on plots of land for whose improvement they were responsible only at the end of the season.

woes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Amidst the manifold woes of both positions, each had some advantages over the other.

work

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading If Owzin and his family had been offered a choice whether to be attached to the soil as serfs, or to work in the silver mine by the mouth of which they were located, they would have found it difficult to make their decision.

wretched

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Again, the dwellings of the miners were somewhat less wretched than those of the cultivators, and were situated, high and dry, among picturesque rocks, instead of standing alone in the midst of a marsh, or on the borders of dreary fir-woods.