Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9)
Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9)

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9) is here in full — 307 sentences across 62 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9)
Context Illustration Reading 1/61 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A HARVEST EVE.
Mary rightly believed that there was a chance for the corn on the low grounds, if rain should speedily fall.
By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.
While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.
Neither the wind, nor the rain which followed, pleased every body, any more than any other wind and rain.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9)

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9) is here in full — 307 sentences across 62 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/61 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A HARVEST EVE.
/ə ˈhɑːrvəst iːv/
Line 2
Mary rightly believed that there was a chance for the corn on the low grounds, if rain should speedily fall.
/ˈmeri ˈraɪtli bɪˈliːvd ðæt ðer wɑːz ə tʃæns fɔːr ðə kɔːrn ɑːn ðə loʊ ɡraʊndz ɪf reɪn ʃʊd ˈspiːdəli fɔːl/
Line 3
By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.
Line 4
While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.
Line 5
Neither the wind, nor the rain which followed, pleased every body, any more than any other wind and rain.
/ˈniːðər ðə waɪnd nɔːr ðə reɪn wɪtʃ ˈfɑːloʊd pliːzd ˈevəri ˈbɑːdi ˈeni mɔːr ðæn ˈeni ˈʌðər waɪnd ənd reɪn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

blasts noun US /blæsts/

plural of “blast” — a very long fly ball

From this reading “While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.”

cropped adjective US /krɑːpt/

(of land or soil) used for growing crops

From this reading “By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.”

horned adjective US /hɔːrnd/

having a horn or horns or hornlike parts or horns of a particular kind

From this reading “By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.”

inactivity noun US /ˌɪnækˈtɪvɪti/

the state of being inactive

From this reading “While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.”

juicy adjective US /ˈdʒuːsi/

full of juice

From this reading “By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.”

pools noun US /puːlz/

plural of “pool” — an excavation that is (usually) filled with water

From this reading “While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.”

summits noun US /ˈsʌmɪts/

plural of “summit” — the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development

From this reading “By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.”

vales noun US /veɪlz/

plural of “vale” — a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading “While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

low grounds adjective + noun

In this reading “Mary rightly believed that there was a chance for the corn on the low grounds, if rain should speedily fall.”

stood trembling verb + noun

In this reading “While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.”

human eye adjective + noun

In this reading “While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A HARVEST EVE.

abideverbUS /əˈbaɪd/

dwell

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Neither the wind, nor the rain which followed, pleased every body, any more than any other wind and rain.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading Mary rightly believed that there was a chance for the corn on the low grounds, if rain should speedily fall.

biteverbUS /baɪt/

to grip, cut off, or tear with or as if with the teeth or jaws

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

blastsnounUS /blæsts/

plural of “blast” — a very long fly ball

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

bleating

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading Neither the wind, nor the rain which followed, pleased every body, any more than any other wind and rain.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

cattlenounUS /ˈkætəl/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

chancenounUS /tʃæns/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading Mary rightly believed that there was a chance for the corn on the low grounds, if rain should speedily fall.

cornnounUS /kɔːrn/

tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times

From this reading Mary rightly believed that there was a chance for the corn on the low grounds, if rain should speedily fall.

croppedadjectiveUS /krɑːpt/

(of land or soil) used for growing crops

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

dells

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

EVEnounUS /iːv/

(Old Testament) Adam's wife in Judeo-Christian mythology: the first woman and mother of the human race; God created Eve from Adam's rib and placed Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden

From this reading A HARVEST EVE.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Neither the wind, nor the rain which followed, pleased every body, any more than any other wind and rain.

expectationnounUS /ˌekspekˈteɪʃən/

belief about (or mental picture of) the future

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading Mary rightly believed that there was a chance for the corn on the low grounds, if rain should speedily fall.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Neither the wind, nor the rain which followed, pleased every body, any more than any other wind and rain.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Mary rightly believed that there was a chance for the corn on the low grounds, if rain should speedily fall.

gatheredadjectiveUS /ˈɡæðərd/

brought together in one place

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

gatheringnounUS /ˈɡæðərɪŋ/

a group of persons together in one place

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

grassverbUS /ɡræs/

shoot down, of birds

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

groundsnounUS /ɡraʊndz/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading Mary rightly believed that there was a chance for the corn on the low grounds, if rain should speedily fall.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

HARVESTnounUS /ˈhɑːrvəst/

the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading A HARVEST EVE.

hornedadjectiveUS /hɔːrnd/

having a horn or horns or hornlike parts or horns of a particular kind

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Mary rightly believed that there was a chance for the corn on the low grounds, if rain should speedily fall.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

inactivitynounUS /ˌɪnækˈtɪvɪti/

the state of being inactive

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

juicyadjectiveUS /ˈdʒuːsi/

full of juice

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Mary rightly believed that there was a chance for the corn on the low grounds, if rain should speedily fall.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

MarynounUS /ˈmeri/

the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading Mary rightly believed that there was a chance for the corn on the low grounds, if rain should speedily fall.

millsnounUS /mɪlz/

United States architect who was the presidentially appointed architect of Washington D.C. (1781-1855)

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

moorsnounUS /mʊrz/

plural of “moor” — one of the Muslim people of north Africa; of mixed Arab and Berber descent; converted to Islam in the 8th century; conqueror of Spain in the 8th century

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Neither the wind, nor the rain which followed, pleased every body, any more than any other wind and rain.

muddyadjectiveUS /ˈmʌdi/

(of soil) soft and watery

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

NeitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading Neither the wind, nor the rain which followed, pleased every body, any more than any other wind and rain.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Neither the wind, nor the rain which followed, pleased every body, any more than any other wind and rain.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Mary rightly believed that there was a chance for the corn on the low grounds, if rain should speedily fall.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Neither the wind, nor the rain which followed, pleased every body, any more than any other wind and rain.

Pennygant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

pleasedadjectiveUS /pliːzd/

experiencing or manifesting pleasure

From this reading Neither the wind, nor the rain which followed, pleased every body, any more than any other wind and rain.

poolsnounUS /puːlz/

plural of “pool” — an excavation that is (usually) filled with water

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

rainnounUS /reɪn/

water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading Mary rightly believed that there was a chance for the corn on the low grounds, if rain should speedily fall.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

rightlyadverbUS /ˈraɪtli/

with honesty

From this reading Mary rightly believed that there was a chance for the corn on the low grounds, if rain should speedily fall.

risingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪzɪŋ/

advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

rustlingnounUS /ˈrʌslɪŋ/

the stealing of cattle

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

sheepnounUS /ʃiːp/

woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

shelternounUS /ˈʃeltər/

a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

shepherdnounUS /ˈʃepərd/

a clergyman who watches over a group of people

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Mary rightly believed that there was a chance for the corn on the low grounds, if rain should speedily fall.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

speedilyadverbUS /ˈspiːdəli/

with speed

From this reading Mary rightly believed that there was a chance for the corn on the low grounds, if rain should speedily fall.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

stoopingadjectiveUS /ˈstuːpɪŋ/

having the back and shoulders rounded; not erect

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

stormsnounUS /stɔːrmz/

plural of “storm” — a violent weather condition with winds 64-72 knots (11 on the Beaufort scale) and precipitation and thunder and lightning

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

summitsnounUS /ˈsʌmɪts/

plural of “summit” — the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Neither the wind, nor the rain which followed, pleased every body, any more than any other wind and rain.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Mary rightly believed that there was a chance for the corn on the low grounds, if rain should speedily fall.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Mary rightly believed that there was a chance for the corn on the low grounds, if rain should speedily fall.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Mary rightly believed that there was a chance for the corn on the low grounds, if rain should speedily fall.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

tremblingnounUS /ˈtrembəlɪŋ/

a shaky motion

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

valesnounUS /veɪlz/

plural of “vale” — a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Mary rightly believed that there was a chance for the corn on the low grounds, if rain should speedily fall.

weariedadjectiveUS /ˈwɪrid/

exhausted

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

westernadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

Wharnside

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading By the time that the horned sheep of the western moors had cropped the last bite of juicy grass in the dells, they were gathered together by the shepherd to abide the storms which were gathering about the summits of Wharnside and Pennygant.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

whirlingnounUS /ˈwɜːrlɪŋ/

the act of rotating in a circle or spiral

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading While they stood trembling and bleating in the rising blasts, the cattle in the vales left the muddy pools, and turned towards the shelter of the stooping and rustling trees; and many a human eye was raised to the whirling mills, whose inactivity had wearied expectation so long.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading Neither the wind, nor the rain which followed, pleased every body, any more than any other wind and rain.

Chapter 3 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau holds 307 sentences, grouped into 62 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9) contain?

Chapter 3 holds 307 sentences of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9), unabridged, divided into 62 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 307 sentences, grouped into 62 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9)?

Work through the 62 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 62 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9)

Common questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9)?

Yes. All 4463 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #73664 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #73664, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9) take to read?

About 371 minutes of reading across 893 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9) section by section

How to work through Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.