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Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9)
Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9)

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9) is here in full — 203 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9)
Context Illustration Reading 1/40 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
FASTERS AND FEASTERS.
There were two opposite lights on the horizon that night, to those who looked out from the village.
While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.
Some persons were trying the often-repeated experiment of gaining bread by the destruction of that by which bread is gained.
A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9)

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9) is here in full — 203 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/40 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FASTERS AND FEASTERS.
Line 2
There were two opposite lights on the horizon that night, to those who looked out from the village.
/ðer wɜːr tuː ˈɑːpəzət laɪts ɑːn ðə hərˈaɪzən ðæt naɪt tuː ðoʊz huː lʊkt aʊt frʌm ðə ˈvɪlədʒ/
Line 3
While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.
Line 4
Some persons were trying the often-repeated experiment of gaining bread by the destruction of that by which bread is gained.
Line 5
A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

experiment noun US /ɪkˈsperəmənt/

the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation

From this reading “Some persons were trying the often-repeated experiment of gaining bread by the destruction of that by which bread is gained.”

gaining verb US /ˈɡeɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading “Some persons were trying the often-repeated experiment of gaining bread by the destruction of that by which bread is gained.”

machinery noun US /məˈʃiːnəri/

machines or machine systems collectively

From this reading “A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.”

mills noun US /mɪlz/

United States architect who was the presidentially appointed architect of Washington D.C. (1781-1855)

From this reading “A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.”

serenely adverb US /sərˈiːnəli/

in a peacefully serene manner

From this reading “While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.”

Sheffield noun US /ˈʃefild/

a steel manufacturing city in northern England famous for its cutlery industry

From this reading “While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.”

volumes noun US /ˈvɑːljuːmz/

plural of “volume” — the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading “While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.”

woodwork noun US /ˈwʊdwɜːrk/

work made of wood; especially moldings or stairways or furniture

From this reading “A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

few days adjective + noun

In this reading “A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.”

western hills adjective + noun counted as “western hill”

In this reading “While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.”

flame shot noun + noun

In this reading “While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.”

red flame noun + noun

In this reading “While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.”

on the horizon preposition + article + noun counted as “on … horizon”

In this reading “There were two opposite lights on the horizon that night, to those who looked out from the village.”

in the direction preposition + article + noun counted as “in … direction”

In this reading “While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.”

looked out verb + adjective counted as “look out”

be vigilant, be on the lookout or be careful

In this reading “There were two opposite lights on the horizon that night, to those who looked out from the village.”

Some persons adjective + noun counted as “some person”

In this reading “Some persons were trying the often-repeated experiment of gaining bread by the destruction of that by which bread is gained.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.

amidstprepositionUS /əˈmɪdst/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading FASTERS AND FEASTERS.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.

breadnounUS /bred/

food made from dough of flour or meal and usually raised with yeast or baking powder and then baked

From this reading Some persons were trying the often-repeated experiment of gaining bread by the destruction of that by which bread is gained.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

burnedadjectiveUS /bɜːrnd/

treated by heating to a high temperature but below the melting or fusing point

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Some persons were trying the often-repeated experiment of gaining bread by the destruction of that by which bread is gained.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

cornnounUS /kɔːrn/

tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

destructionnounUS /dɪˈstrʌkʃən/

the termination of something by causing so much damage to it that it cannot be repaired or no longer exists

From this reading Some persons were trying the often-repeated experiment of gaining bread by the destruction of that by which bread is gained.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.

experimentnounUS /ɪkˈsperəmənt/

the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation

From this reading Some persons were trying the often-repeated experiment of gaining bread by the destruction of that by which bread is gained.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

FASTERS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FASTERS AND FEASTERS.

FEASTERS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FASTERS AND FEASTERS.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

flamenounUS /fleɪm/

A hot glowing body of ignited gas produced by fire.

From this reading While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading There were two opposite lights on the horizon that night, to those who looked out from the village.

gainedverbUS /ɡeɪnd/

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading Some persons were trying the often-repeated experiment of gaining bread by the destruction of that by which bread is gained.

gainingverbUS /ˈɡeɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading Some persons were trying the often-repeated experiment of gaining bread by the destruction of that by which bread is gained.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

gutted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.

horizonnounUS /hərˈaɪzən/

the line at which the sky and Earth appear to meet

From this reading There were two opposite lights on the horizon that night, to those who looked out from the village.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Some persons were trying the often-repeated experiment of gaining bread by the destruction of that by which bread is gained.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

Kirkland's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

lightsnounUS /laɪts/

plural of “light” — (physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation

From this reading There were two opposite lights on the horizon that night, to those who looked out from the village.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading There were two opposite lights on the horizon that night, to those who looked out from the village.

machinerynounUS /məˈʃiːnəri/

machines or machine systems collectively

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

metal-mill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

millsnounUS /mɪlz/

United States architect who was the presidentially appointed architect of Washington D.C. (1781-1855)

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

moonnounUS /muːn/

the natural satellite of the Earth

From this reading While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading There were two opposite lights on the horizon that night, to those who looked out from the village.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.

often-repeated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some persons were trying the often-repeated experiment of gaining bread by the destruction of that by which bread is gained.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading There were two opposite lights on the horizon that night, to those who looked out from the village.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading There were two opposite lights on the horizon that night, to those who looked out from the village.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading There were two opposite lights on the horizon that night, to those who looked out from the village.

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading Some persons were trying the often-repeated experiment of gaining bread by the destruction of that by which bread is gained.

pricenounUS /praɪs/

the property of having material worth (often indicated by the amount of money something would bring if sold)

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.

sankverbUS /sæŋk/

inflected form of “sink” — fall or descend to a lower place or level

From this reading While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

serenelyadverbUS /sərˈiːnəli/

in a peacefully serene manner

From this reading While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.

SheffieldnounUS /ˈʃefild/

a steel manufacturing city in northern England famous for its cutlery industry

From this reading While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.

shotnounUS /ʃɑːt/

the act of firing a projectile

From this reading While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.

smokenounUS /smoʊk/

a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas

From this reading While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some persons were trying the often-repeated experiment of gaining bread by the destruction of that by which bread is gained.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading There were two opposite lights on the horizon that night, to those who looked out from the village.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading There were two opposite lights on the horizon that night, to those who looked out from the village.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were two opposite lights on the horizon that night, to those who looked out from the village.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading There were two opposite lights on the horizon that night, to those who looked out from the village.

threatenedadjectiveUS /ˈθretənd/

(of flora or fauna) likely in the near future to become endangered

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There were two opposite lights on the horizon that night, to those who looked out from the village.

tryingadjectiveUS /ˈtraɪɪŋ/

hard to endure

From this reading Some persons were trying the often-repeated experiment of gaining bread by the destruction of that by which bread is gained.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading There were two opposite lights on the horizon that night, to those who looked out from the village.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading There were two opposite lights on the horizon that night, to those who looked out from the village.

volumesnounUS /ˈvɑːljuːmz/

plural of “volume” — the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There were two opposite lights on the horizon that night, to those who looked out from the village.

westernadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Some persons were trying the often-repeated experiment of gaining bread by the destruction of that by which bread is gained.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading There were two opposite lights on the horizon that night, to those who looked out from the village.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

woodworknounUS /ˈwʊdwɜːrk/

work made of wood; especially moldings or stairways or furniture

From this reading A metal-mill was gutted, its machinery broken, and its woodwork burned, because the sea water had got to Kirkland’s corn; and more mills were threatened in case the price of bread did not fall within a few days.

wreathing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While the moon sank serenely behind the dark western hills, a red flame shot up, amidst volumes of wreathing smoke, in the direction of Sheffield.

Chapter 4 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau holds 203 sentences, grouped into 41 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9) contain?

Chapter 4 holds 203 sentences of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9), unabridged, divided into 41 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 203 sentences, grouped into 41 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9)?

Work through the 41 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 41 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9)

Common questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9)?

Yes. All 4463 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #73664 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #73664, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9) take to read?

About 371 minutes of reading across 893 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9) section by section

How to work through Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 7 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.