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Illustrations of political economy, Volume 9 (of 9)
Illustrations of political economy, Volume 9 (of 9)

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 9 (of 9) is here in full — 262 sentences across 53 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Illustrations of political economy, Volume 9 (of 9)
Context Illustration Reading 1/52 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
My many fables have all been melancholy.
This is the fault which has been more frequently found with them than any other.
Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.
I have been sustained throughout by the conviction that it is not; and I now proceed to exhibit the grounds of my confidence.
Is it not true, however, that in the science under review, as in every other department of moral science, we must enter through tribulation into truth?
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Illustrations of political economy, Volume 9 (of 9)

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 9 (of 9) is here in full — 262 sentences across 53 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/52 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
My many fables have all been melancholy.
/maɪ ˈmeni ˈfeɪbəlz hæv ɔːl bɪn ˈmelənkɑːli/
Line 2
This is the fault which has been more frequently found with them than any other.
/ðɪs ɪz ðə fɔːlt wɪtʃ hæz bɪn mɔːr ˈfriːkwəntli faʊnd wɪð ðem ðæn ˈeni ˈʌðər/
Line 3
Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.
Line 4
I have been sustained throughout by the conviction that it is not; and I now proceed to exhibit the grounds of my confidence.
/aɪ hæv bɪn səˈsteɪnd θruːˈaʊt baɪ ðə kənˈvɪkʃən ðæt ɪt ɪz nɑːt ənd aɪ naʊ prəˈsiːd tuː ɪɡˈzɪbɪt ðə ɡraʊndz ʌv maɪ ˈkɑːnfədəns/
Line 5
Is it not true, however, that in the science under review, as in every other department of moral science, we must enter through tribulation into truth?
/ɪz ɪt nɑːt truː ˌhaʊˈevər ðæt ɪn ðə ˈsaɪəns ˈʌndər ˌriːˈvjuː æz ɪn ˈevəri ˈʌðər dɪˈpɑːrtmənt ʌv ˈmɔːrəl ˈsaɪəns wiː mʌst ˈentər θruː ˌtrɪbjəˈleɪʃən ˈɪntuː truːθ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

defending adjective US /dɪˈfendɪŋ/

attempting to or designed to prevent an opponent from winning or scoring

From this reading “Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.”

disputing verb US /dɪsˈpjuːtɪŋ/

-ing form of “dispute” — take exception to

From this reading “Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.”

exhibit verb US /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/

show an attribute, property, knowledge, or skill

From this reading “I have been sustained throughout by the conviction that it is not; and I now proceed to exhibit the grounds of my confidence.”

fables noun US /ˈfeɪbəlz/

plural of “fable” — a deliberately false or improbable account

From this reading “My many fables have all been melancholy.”

objectors noun US /əbˈdʒektərz/

plural of “objector” — a person who dissents from some established policy

From this reading “Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.”

review noun US /ˌriːˈvjuː/

a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading “Is it not true, however, that in the science under review, as in every other department of moral science, we must enter through tribulation into truth?”

sustained adjective US /səˈsteɪnd/

maintained at length without interruption or weakening

From this reading “I have been sustained throughout by the conviction that it is not; and I now proceed to exhibit the grounds of my confidence.”

tribulation noun US /ˌtrɪbjəˈleɪʃən/

an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event

From this reading “Is it not true, however, that in the science under review, as in every other department of moral science, we must enter through tribulation into truth?”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading My many fables have all been melancholy.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading This is the fault which has been more frequently found with them than any other.

appealverbUS /əˈpiːl/

take a court case to a higher court for review

From this reading Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Is it not true, however, that in the science under review, as in every other department of moral science, we must enter through tribulation into truth?

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading My many fables have all been melancholy.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.

complaintnounUS /kəmˈpleɪnt/

an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining

From this reading Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.

confidencenounUS /ˈkɑːnfədəns/

freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities

From this reading I have been sustained throughout by the conviction that it is not; and I now proceed to exhibit the grounds of my confidence.

convictionnounUS /kənˈvɪkʃən/

an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence

From this reading I have been sustained throughout by the conviction that it is not; and I now proceed to exhibit the grounds of my confidence.

defendingadjectiveUS /dɪˈfendɪŋ/

attempting to or designed to prevent an opponent from winning or scoring

From this reading Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.

departmentnounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtmənt/

a specialized division of a large organization

From this reading Is it not true, however, that in the science under review, as in every other department of moral science, we must enter through tribulation into truth?

disputingverbUS /dɪsˈpjuːtɪŋ/

-ing form of “dispute” — take exception to

From this reading Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.

enterverbUS /ˈentər/

to come or go into

From this reading Is it not true, however, that in the science under review, as in every other department of moral science, we must enter through tribulation into truth?

entreated

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Is it not true, however, that in the science under review, as in every other department of moral science, we must enter through tribulation into truth?

exhibitverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/

show an attribute, property, knowledge, or skill

From this reading I have been sustained throughout by the conviction that it is not; and I now proceed to exhibit the grounds of my confidence.

fablesnounUS /ˈfeɪbəlz/

plural of “fable” — a deliberately false or improbable account

From this reading My many fables have all been melancholy.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.

faultnounUS /fɔːlt/

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading This is the fault which has been more frequently found with them than any other.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading This is the fault which has been more frequently found with them than any other.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading This is the fault which has been more frequently found with them than any other.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.

groundsnounUS /ɡraʊndz/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading I have been sustained throughout by the conviction that it is not; and I now proceed to exhibit the grounds of my confidence.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This is the fault which has been more frequently found with them than any other.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading My many fables have all been melancholy.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Is it not true, however, that in the science under review, as in every other department of moral science, we must enter through tribulation into truth?

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Is it not true, however, that in the science under review, as in every other department of moral science, we must enter through tribulation into truth?

InsteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Is it not true, however, that in the science under review, as in every other department of moral science, we must enter through tribulation into truth?

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This is the fault which has been more frequently found with them than any other.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I have been sustained throughout by the conviction that it is not; and I now proceed to exhibit the grounds of my confidence.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading My many fables have all been melancholy.

melancholynounUS /ˈmelənkɑːli/

a feeling of thoughtful sadness

From this reading My many fables have all been melancholy.

moraladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading This is the fault which has been more frequently found with them than any other.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Is it not true, however, that in the science under review, as in every other department of moral science, we must enter through tribulation into truth?

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My many fables have all been melancholy.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I have been sustained throughout by the conviction that it is not; and I now proceed to exhibit the grounds of my confidence.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading I have been sustained throughout by the conviction that it is not; and I now proceed to exhibit the grounds of my confidence.

objectorsnounUS /əbˈdʒektərz/

plural of “objector” — a person who dissents from some established policy

From this reading Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading This is the fault which has been more frequently found with them than any other.

proceedverbUS /prəˈsiːd/

continue talking

From this reading I have been sustained throughout by the conviction that it is not; and I now proceed to exhibit the grounds of my confidence.

reviewnounUS /ˌriːˈvjuː/

a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading Is it not true, however, that in the science under review, as in every other department of moral science, we must enter through tribulation into truth?

sciencenounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading Is it not true, however, that in the science under review, as in every other department of moral science, we must enter through tribulation into truth?

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.

sustainedadjectiveUS /səˈsteɪnd/

maintained at length without interruption or weakening

From this reading I have been sustained throughout by the conviction that it is not; and I now proceed to exhibit the grounds of my confidence.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading This is the fault which has been more frequently found with them than any other.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I have been sustained throughout by the conviction that it is not; and I now proceed to exhibit the grounds of my confidence.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading This is the fault which has been more frequently found with them than any other.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading This is the fault which has been more frequently found with them than any other.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This is the fault which has been more frequently found with them than any other.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Is it not true, however, that in the science under review, as in every other department of moral science, we must enter through tribulation into truth?

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading I have been sustained throughout by the conviction that it is not; and I now proceed to exhibit the grounds of my confidence.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.

tribulationnounUS /ˌtrɪbjəˈleɪʃən/

an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event

From this reading Is it not true, however, that in the science under review, as in every other department of moral science, we must enter through tribulation into truth?

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading Is it not true, however, that in the science under review, as in every other department of moral science, we must enter through tribulation into truth?

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading Is it not true, however, that in the science under review, as in every other department of moral science, we must enter through tribulation into truth?

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Is it not true, however, that in the science under review, as in every other department of moral science, we must enter through tribulation into truth?

waitverbUS /weɪt/

stay in one place and anticipate or expect something

From this reading Instead of disputing the ground of complaint, or defending myself by an appeal to fact, I have always entreated the objectors to wait and see if the moral of my fables be melancholy also.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Is it not true, however, that in the science under review, as in every other department of moral science, we must enter through tribulation into truth?

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading This is the fault which has been more frequently found with them than any other.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading This is the fault which has been more frequently found with them than any other.

Chapter 8 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 9 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau holds 262 sentences, grouped into 53 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 9 (of 9) contain?

Chapter 8 holds 262 sentences of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 9 (of 9), unabridged, divided into 53 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 9 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 262 sentences, grouped into 53 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 9 (of 9)?

Work through the 53 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 53 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 9 (of 9)

Common questions about reading Illustrations of political economy, Volume 9 (of 9) by Harriet Martineau on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 9 (of 9)?

Yes. All 2803 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #76102 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 9 (of 9) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #76102, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Illustrations of political economy, Volume 9 (of 9) take to read?

About 233 minutes of reading across 561 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Illustrations of political economy, Volume 9 (of 9) section by section

How to work through Illustrations of political economy, Volume 9 (of 9) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 9 (of 9)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Illustrations of political economy, Volume 9 (of 9), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Budge-row
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 9 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Again
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 9 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Window
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 9 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Morgan
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of political economy, Volume 9 (of 9); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.