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Illustrations of taxation
Illustrations of taxation

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Illustrations of taxation is here in full — 287 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/57 · 5 lines
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INTRUSION.
Mr. Mackintosh came and took possession of the rectory at Midsummer.
He was a single gentleman, everybody was surprised to find.
Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.
His housekeeper was questioned; but the housekeeper knew nothing of the how and the why.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Illustrations of taxation

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Illustrations of taxation is here in full — 287 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/57 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
INTRUSION.
/ˌɪnˈtruːʒən/
Line 2
Mr. Mackintosh came and took possession of the rectory at Midsummer.
/ˈmɪstər ˈmækəntɑːʃ keɪm ənd tʊk pəˈzeʃən ʌv ðə ˈrektəri æt ˈmɪdˈsʌmər/
Line 3
He was a single gentleman, everybody was surprised to find.
/hiː wɑːz ə ˈsɪŋɡəl ˈdʒentəlmən ˈevribɑːdi wɑːz sərˈpraɪzd tuː faɪnd/
Line 4
Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.
/ˈnʌθɪŋ wɑːz hɜːrd ʌv ˈiːðər ˈmʌðər ɔːr ˈsɪstər huː maɪt meɪk hɪz hoʊm ˈkʌmfərtəbəl ənd waɪ sʌtʃ ə ˈhænsəm ˈdʒentəlmən rɪtʃ ɪˈnʌf ɪt wɑːz səˈpoʊzd ənd ˈsɜːrtənli nɑːt pæst ˈmɪdəl eɪdʒ ʃʊd biː stɪl ˈsɪŋɡəl wɑːz mɔːr ðæn kʊd biː ˌkɑːmprɪˈhendɪd baɪ ðə ˈpiːpəl ʌv ðə ˈpærɪʃ/
Line 5
His housekeeper was questioned; but the housekeeper knew nothing of the how and the why.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

comprehended adjective US /ˌkɑːmprɪˈhendɪd/

fully understood or grasped

From this reading “Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.”

housekeeper noun US /ˈhaʊskiːpər/

a servant who is employed to perform domestic task in a household

From this reading “His housekeeper was questioned; but the housekeeper knew nothing of the how and the why.”

intrusion noun US /ˌɪnˈtruːʒən/

any entry into an area not previously occupied

From this reading “INTRUSION.”

Mackintosh noun US /ˈmækəntɑːʃ/

a lightweight waterproof (usually rubberized) fabric

From this reading “Mr. Mackintosh came and took possession of the rectory at Midsummer.”

Midsummer noun US /ˈmɪdˈsʌmər/

June 21, when the sun is at its northernmost point

From this reading “Mr. Mackintosh came and took possession of the rectory at Midsummer.”

parish noun US /ˈpærɪʃ/

a local church community

From this reading “Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.”

questioned verb US /ˈkwestʃənd/

past form of “question” — challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading “His housekeeper was questioned; but the housekeeper knew nothing of the how and the why.”

rectory noun US /ˈrektəri/

an official residence provided by a church for its parson or vicar or rector

From this reading “Mr. Mackintosh came and took possession of the rectory at Midsummer.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

middle age noun + noun

the time of life between youth and old age (e.g., between 40 and 60 years of age)

In this reading “Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.”

took possession verb + noun counted as “take possession”

In this reading “Mr. Mackintosh came and took possession of the rectory at Midsummer.”

rich enough adjective + noun

In this reading “Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.”

past middle noun + noun

In this reading “Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.”

single gentleman adjective + noun

In this reading “He was a single gentleman, everybody was surprised to find.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He was a single gentleman, everybody was surprised to find.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Mr. Mackintosh came and took possession of the rectory at Midsummer.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Mr. Mackintosh came and took possession of the rectory at Midsummer.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading His housekeeper was questioned; but the housekeeper knew nothing of the how and the why.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Mr. Mackintosh came and took possession of the rectory at Midsummer.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

comfortableadjectiveUS /ˈkʌmfərtəbəl/

providing or experiencing physical well-being or relief (“comfy” is informal)

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

comprehendedadjectiveUS /ˌkɑːmprɪˈhendɪd/

fully understood or grasped

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

everybodypronounUS /ˈevribɑːdi/

every person

From this reading He was a single gentleman, everybody was surprised to find.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading He was a single gentleman, everybody was surprised to find.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading He was a single gentleman, everybody was surprised to find.

handsomeadjectiveUS /ˈhænsəm/

pleasing in appearance especially by reason of conformity to ideals of form and proportion

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was a single gentleman, everybody was surprised to find.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

housekeepernounUS /ˈhaʊskiːpər/

a servant who is employed to perform domestic task in a household

From this reading His housekeeper was questioned; but the housekeeper knew nothing of the how and the why.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His housekeeper was questioned; but the housekeeper knew nothing of the how and the why.

INTRUSIONnounUS /ˌɪnˈtruːʒən/

any entry into an area not previously occupied

From this reading INTRUSION.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading His housekeeper was questioned; but the housekeeper knew nothing of the how and the why.

MackintoshnounUS /ˈmækəntɑːʃ/

a lightweight waterproof (usually rubberized) fabric

From this reading Mr. Mackintosh came and took possession of the rectory at Midsummer.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

MidsummernounUS /ˈmɪdˈsʌmər/

June 21, when the sun is at its northernmost point

From this reading Mr. Mackintosh came and took possession of the rectory at Midsummer.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Mr. Mackintosh came and took possession of the rectory at Midsummer.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

NothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Mr. Mackintosh came and took possession of the rectory at Midsummer.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

parishnounUS /ˈpærɪʃ/

a local church community

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

possessionnounUS /pəˈzeʃən/

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading Mr. Mackintosh came and took possession of the rectory at Midsummer.

questionedverbUS /ˈkwestʃənd/

past form of “question” — challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading His housekeeper was questioned; but the housekeeper knew nothing of the how and the why.

rectorynounUS /ˈrektəri/

an official residence provided by a church for its parson or vicar or rector

From this reading Mr. Mackintosh came and took possession of the rectory at Midsummer.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading He was a single gentleman, everybody was surprised to find.

sisternounUS /ˈsɪstər/

a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

surprisedadjectiveUS /sərˈpraɪzd/

taken unawares or suddenly and feeling wonder or astonishment

From this reading He was a single gentleman, everybody was surprised to find.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Mr. Mackintosh came and took possession of the rectory at Midsummer.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He was a single gentleman, everybody was surprised to find.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Mr. Mackintosh came and took possession of the rectory at Midsummer.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was a single gentleman, everybody was surprised to find.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading Nothing was heard of either mother or sister who might make his home comfortable; and why such a handsome gentleman, rich enough, it was supposed, and certainly not past middle age, should be still single, was more than could be comprehended by the people of the parish.

Chapter 11 of Illustrations of taxation by Harriet Martineau holds 287 sentences, grouped into 58 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Illustrations of taxation contain?

Chapter 11 holds 287 sentences of Illustrations of taxation, unabridged, divided into 58 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Illustrations of taxation by Harriet Martineau exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 287 sentences, grouped into 58 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Illustrations of taxation?

Work through the 58 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 58 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Illustrations of taxation

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Is this the complete text of Illustrations of taxation?

Yes. All 8157 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #77059 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #77059, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Illustrations of taxation take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1632 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Illustrations of taxation

Words and structures a reader meets early in Illustrations of taxation, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of taxation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Collection
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of taxation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Previously
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of taxation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Published
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of taxation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.