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Illustrations of taxation
Illustrations of taxation

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of Illustrations of taxation is here in full — 204 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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EXTORTION.
Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.
First.
There were three law-suits.—The vicar was plaintiff in a cause where his late friend, Sir William Hood, was defendant.
He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Illustrations of taxation

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of Illustrations of taxation is here in full — 204 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/40 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
EXTORTION.
/ekˈstɔːrʃən/
Line 2
Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.
Line 3
First.
/fɜːrst/
Line 4
There were three law-suits.—The vicar was plaintiff in a cause where his late friend, Sir William Hood, was defendant.
Line 5
He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

defendant noun US /dɪˈfendənt/

a person or institution against whom an action is brought in a court of law; the person being sued or accused

From this reading “There were three law-suits.—The vicar was plaintiff in a cause where his late friend, Sir William Hood, was defendant.”

exaction noun US /ɪɡˈzækʃən/

act of demanding or levying by force or authority

From this reading “Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.”

extortion noun US /ekˈstɔːrʃən/

an exorbitant charge

From this reading “EXTORTION.”

imputation noun US /ˌɪmpjəˈteɪʃən/

a statement attributing something dishonest (especially a criminal offense)

From this reading “He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)”

judges noun US /ˈdʒʌdʒɪz/

a book of the Old Testament that tells the history of Israel under the leaders known as judges

From this reading “Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.”

plaintiff noun US /ˈpleɪntəf/

a person who brings an action in a court of law

From this reading “There were three law-suits.—The vicar was plaintiff in a cause where his late friend, Sir William Hood, was defendant.”

tithe verb US /taɪð/

exact a tithe from

From this reading “He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)”

vicar noun US /ˈvɪkər/

a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman

From this reading “There were three law-suits.—The vicar was plaintiff in a cause where his late friend, Sir William Hood, was defendant.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

two years noun + noun

In this reading “Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.”

still keeping adjective + noun

In this reading “He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)”

good judges adjective + noun

In this reading “Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

AbbeynounUS /ˈæbi/

a church associated with a monastery or convent

From this reading He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

apparentadjectiveUS /əˈperənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

ariseverbUS /ərˈaɪz/

come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading There were three law-suits.—The vicar was plaintiff in a cause where his late friend, Sir William Hood, was defendant.

claimedverbUS /kleɪmd/

past form of “claim” — assert or affirm strongly; state to be true or existing

From this reading He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

consequencesnounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwensəz/

plural of “consequence” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

defendantnounUS /dɪˈfendənt/

a person or institution against whom an action is brought in a court of law; the person being sued or accused

From this reading There were three law-suits.—The vicar was plaintiff in a cause where his late friend, Sir William Hood, was defendant.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)

exactionnounUS /ɪɡˈzækʃən/

act of demanding or levying by force or authority

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

expectedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspektəd/

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

experimentnounUS /ɪkˈsperəmənt/

the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

EXTORTIONnounUS /ekˈstɔːrʃən/

an exorbitant charge

From this reading EXTORTION.

fairlyadverbUS /ˈferli/

to certain extent or degree

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

FarmverbUS /fɑːrm/

be a farmer; work as a farmer

From this reading He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)

FirstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading First.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading There were three law-suits.—The vicar was plaintiff in a cause where his late friend, Sir William Hood, was defendant.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading There were three law-suits.—The vicar was plaintiff in a cause where his late friend, Sir William Hood, was defendant.

HoodnounUS /hʊd/

an aggressive and violent young criminal

From this reading There were three law-suits.—The vicar was plaintiff in a cause where his late friend, Sir William Hood, was defendant.

imputationnounUS /ˌɪmpjəˈteɪʃən/

a statement attributing something dishonest (especially a criminal offense)

From this reading He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

judgesnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒɪz/

a book of the Old Testament that tells the history of Israel under the leaders known as judges

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

keepingnounUS /ˈkiːpɪŋ/

conformity or harmony

From this reading He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading There were three law-suits.—The vicar was plaintiff in a cause where his late friend, Sir William Hood, was defendant.

law-suits

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were three law-suits.—The vicar was plaintiff in a cause where his late friend, Sir William Hood, was defendant.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

Peterson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)

plaintiffnounUS /ˈpleɪntəf/

a person who brings an action in a court of law

From this reading There were three law-suits.—The vicar was plaintiff in a cause where his late friend, Sir William Hood, was defendant.

portionnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃən/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)

produceverbUS /prəˈduːs/

bring forth or yield

From this reading He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

rightsnounUS /raɪts/

plural of “right” — an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature

From this reading He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading There were three law-suits.—The vicar was plaintiff in a cause where his late friend, Sir William Hood, was defendant.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)

sufferedverbUS /ˈsʌfərd/

past form of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to

From this reading He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There were three law-suits.—The vicar was plaintiff in a cause where his late friend, Sir William Hood, was defendant.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading There were three law-suits.—The vicar was plaintiff in a cause where his late friend, Sir William Hood, was defendant.

titheverbUS /taɪð/

exact a tithe from

From this reading He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)

tithes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading He claimed tithe for the produce of a portion of the Abbey Farm; (or suffered under the imputation of doing so, from still keeping the secret of having let his rights to Peterson.)

vicarnounUS /ˈvɪkər/

a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman

From this reading There were three law-suits.—The vicar was plaintiff in a cause where his late friend, Sir William Hood, was defendant.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading There were three law-suits.—The vicar was plaintiff in a cause where his late friend, Sir William Hood, was defendant.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were three law-suits.—The vicar was plaintiff in a cause where his late friend, Sir William Hood, was defendant.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Before two years were over, the experiment of a close exaction of tithes was considered by good judges to have been fairly tried, and to have produced consequences as apparent as could be expected to arise in any given case.

Chapter 13 of Illustrations of taxation by Harriet Martineau holds 204 sentences, grouped into 41 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of Illustrations of taxation contain?

Chapter 13 holds 204 sentences of Illustrations of taxation, unabridged, divided into 41 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of Illustrations of taxation by Harriet Martineau exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 204 sentences, grouped into 41 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of Illustrations of taxation?

Work through the 41 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 41 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Illustrations of taxation

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Is this the complete text of Illustrations of taxation?

Yes. All 8157 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #77059 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Illustrations of taxation is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #77059, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Illustrations of taxation take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1632 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Illustrations of taxation

Words and structures a reader meets early in Illustrations of taxation, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of taxation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Collection
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of taxation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Previously
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of taxation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Published
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of taxation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.