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Illustrations of taxation
Illustrations of taxation

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Illustrations of taxation is here in full — 100 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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BENEFIT OF CLERGY.
Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.
Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.
They saw but too well that the virtues of the clergyman must, under such a system, injure himself or them.
If his virtues were like those of the late vicar, centring in zeal for the church, he would oppress the parish as the late vicar had done.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Illustrations of taxation

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Illustrations of taxation is here in full — 100 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
BENEFIT OF CLERGY.
/ˈbenəfɪt ʌv ˈklɜːrdʒi/
Line 2
Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.
Line 3
Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.
Line 4
They saw but too well that the virtues of the clergyman must, under such a system, injure himself or them.
/ðeɪ sɔː bʌt tuː wel ðæt ðə ˈvɜːrtʃuːz ʌv ðə ˈklɜːrdʒimən mʌst ˈʌndər sʌtʃ ə ˈsɪstəm ˈɪndʒər hɪmˈself ɔːr ðem/
Line 5
If his virtues were like those of the late vicar, centring in zeal for the church, he would oppress the parish as the late vicar had done.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

clergy noun US /ˈklɜːrdʒi/

in Christianity, clergymen collectively (as distinguished from the laity)

From this reading “BENEFIT OF CLERGY.”

grievances noun US /ˈɡriːvənsəz/

plural of “grievance” — a resentment strong enough to justify retaliation

From this reading “Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.”

injure verb US /ˈɪndʒər/

cause injuries or bodily harm to

From this reading “They saw but too well that the virtues of the clergyman must, under such a system, injure himself or them.”

oppress verb US /əˈpres/

come down on or keep down by unjust use of one's authority

From this reading “If his virtues were like those of the late vicar, centring in zeal for the church, he would oppress the parish as the late vicar had done.”

recur verb US /rɪˈkɜːr/

happen or occur again

From this reading “Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.”

sufferers noun US /ˈsʌfərərz/

plural of “sufferer” — a person suffering from an illness

From this reading “Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.”

vicar noun US /ˈvɪkər/

a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman

From this reading “Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.”

zeal noun US /ziːl/

a feeling of strong eagerness (usually in favor of a person or cause)

From this reading “If his virtues were like those of the late vicar, centring in zeal for the church, he would oppress the parish as the late vicar had done.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

finding fault noun + noun

In this reading “Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.”

on the spot preposition + article + noun counted as “on … spot”

without delay or immediately

In this reading “Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.”

blame for verb + particle

In this reading “Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading They saw but too well that the virtues of the clergyman must, under such a system, injure himself or them.

abroadadverbUS /əˈbrɔːd/

to or in a foreign country

From this reading Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading If his virtues were like those of the late vicar, centring in zeal for the church, he would oppress the parish as the late vicar had done.

BENEFITnounUS /ˈbenəfɪt/

financial assistance in time of need

From this reading BENEFIT OF CLERGY.

blameverbUS /bleɪm/

put or pin the blame on

From this reading Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.

centring

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If his virtues were like those of the late vicar, centring in zeal for the church, he would oppress the parish as the late vicar had done.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading If his virtues were like those of the late vicar, centring in zeal for the church, he would oppress the parish as the late vicar had done.

CLERGYnounUS /ˈklɜːrdʒi/

in Christianity, clergymen collectively (as distinguished from the laity)

From this reading BENEFIT OF CLERGY.

clergymannounUS /ˈklɜːrdʒimən/

a member of the clergy and a spiritual leader of the Christian Church

From this reading They saw but too well that the virtues of the clergyman must, under such a system, injure himself or them.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading If his virtues were like those of the late vicar, centring in zeal for the church, he would oppress the parish as the late vicar had done.

dreamedadjectiveUS /driːmd/

conceived of or imagined or hoped for

From this reading Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.

everybodypronounUS /ˈevribɑːdi/

every person

From this reading Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.

faultnounUS /fɔːlt/

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.

findingnounUS /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.

grievancesnounUS /ˈɡriːvənsəz/

plural of “grievance” — a resentment strong enough to justify retaliation

From this reading Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading If his virtues were like those of the late vicar, centring in zeal for the church, he would oppress the parish as the late vicar had done.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading They saw but too well that the virtues of the clergyman must, under such a system, injure himself or them.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading If his virtues were like those of the late vicar, centring in zeal for the church, he would oppress the parish as the late vicar had done.

HoodnounUS /hʊd/

an aggressive and violent young criminal

From this reading Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If his virtues were like those of the late vicar, centring in zeal for the church, he would oppress the parish as the late vicar had done.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading If his virtues were like those of the late vicar, centring in zeal for the church, he would oppress the parish as the late vicar had done.

injureverbUS /ˈɪndʒər/

cause injuries or bodily harm to

From this reading They saw but too well that the virtues of the clergyman must, under such a system, injure himself or them.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading If his virtues were like those of the late vicar, centring in zeal for the church, he would oppress the parish as the late vicar had done.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading They saw but too well that the virtues of the clergyman must, under such a system, injure himself or them.

NobodypronounUS /ˈnoʊbɑːdiː/

no person; not anyone

From this reading Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading BENEFIT OF CLERGY.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.

oppressverbUS /əˈpres/

come down on or keep down by unjust use of one's authority

From this reading If his virtues were like those of the late vicar, centring in zeal for the church, he would oppress the parish as the late vicar had done.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading They saw but too well that the virtues of the clergyman must, under such a system, injure himself or them.

parishnounUS /ˈpærɪʃ/

a local church community

From this reading If his virtues were like those of the late vicar, centring in zeal for the church, he would oppress the parish as the late vicar had done.

preciselyadverbUS /prɪˈsaɪsli/

indicating exactness or preciseness

From this reading Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.

recurverbUS /rɪˈkɜːr/

happen or occur again

From this reading Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading They saw but too well that the virtues of the clergyman must, under such a system, injure himself or them.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.

spotnounUS /spɑːt/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading They saw but too well that the virtues of the clergyman must, under such a system, injure himself or them.

sufferersnounUS /ˈsʌfərərz/

plural of “sufferer” — a person suffering from an illness

From this reading Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They saw but too well that the virtues of the clergyman must, under such a system, injure himself or them.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They saw but too well that the virtues of the clergyman must, under such a system, injure himself or them.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading They saw but too well that the virtues of the clergyman must, under such a system, injure himself or them.

travellingnounUS /ˈtrævəlɪŋ/

the act of going from one place to another

From this reading Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.

vicarnounUS /ˈvɪkər/

a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman

From this reading Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.

virtuesnounUS /ˈvɜːrtʃuːz/

plural of “virtue” — the quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong

From this reading They saw but too well that the virtues of the clergyman must, under such a system, injure himself or them.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading They saw but too well that the virtues of the clergyman must, under such a system, injure himself or them.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading If his virtues were like those of the late vicar, centring in zeal for the church, he would oppress the parish as the late vicar had done.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sir William Hood (who was travelling abroad) supposed, like everybody else, that the vicar was alone to blame for what had happened.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Nobody but those on the spot,—none but the sufferers,—dreamed of finding fault with the system under which precisely the same grievances might recur.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading If his virtues were like those of the late vicar, centring in zeal for the church, he would oppress the parish as the late vicar had done.

zealnounUS /ziːl/

a feeling of strong eagerness (usually in favor of a person or cause)

From this reading If his virtues were like those of the late vicar, centring in zeal for the church, he would oppress the parish as the late vicar had done.

Chapter 16 of Illustrations of taxation by Harriet Martineau holds 100 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Illustrations of taxation contain?

Chapter 16 holds 100 sentences of Illustrations of taxation, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Illustrations of taxation by Harriet Martineau exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 100 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Illustrations of taxation?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Illustrations of taxation

Common questions about reading Illustrations of taxation by Harriet Martineau on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Illustrations of taxation?

Yes. All 8157 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #77059 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Illustrations of taxation is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #77059, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Illustrations of taxation take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1632 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Illustrations of taxation

Words and structures a reader meets early in Illustrations of taxation, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of taxation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Collection
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of taxation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Previously
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of taxation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Published
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of taxation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.