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Illustrations of taxation
Illustrations of taxation

Chapter XXXVI

Chapter 36 of Illustrations of taxation is here in full — 161 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
OWEN AND X. Y. Z.
From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.
Mr. Waugh had directed him to the clergyman as the person most likely to give him information on the subject, and to show him specimens.
The clergyman acknowledged that the short-hand he used was not the best yet invented; and that perhaps the best yet invented might not be nearly so good as some one not yet devised.
This was enough for Owen to know, in order to excite him to enterprize.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Illustrations of taxation

Chapter XXXVI

Chapter 36 of Illustrations of taxation is here in full — 161 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OWEN AND X. Y. Z.
/ˈoʊən ənd eks waɪ ziː/
Line 2
From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.
Line 3
Mr. Waugh had directed him to the clergyman as the person most likely to give him information on the subject, and to show him specimens.
/ˈmɪstər wɔː hæd dərˈektəd hɪm tuː ðə ˈklɜːrdʒimən æz ðə ˈpɜːrsən moʊst ˈlaɪkli tuː ɡɪv hɪm ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən ɑːn ðə səbˈdʒekt ənd tuː ʃoʊ hɪm ˈspesəmənz/
Line 4
The clergyman acknowledged that the short-hand he used was not the best yet invented; and that perhaps the best yet invented might not be nearly so good as some one not yet devised.
Line 5
This was enough for Owen to know, in order to excite him to enterprize.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

clergyman noun US /ˈklɜːrdʒimən/

a member of the clergy and a spiritual leader of the Christian Church

From this reading “Mr. Waugh had directed him to the clergyman as the person most likely to give him information on the subject, and to show him specimens.”

devised verb US /dɪˈvaɪzd/

past form of “devise” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading “The clergyman acknowledged that the short-hand he used was not the best yet invented; and that perhaps the best yet invented might not be nearly so good as some one not yet devised.”

excite verb US /ɪkˈsaɪt/

arouse or elicit a feeling

From this reading “This was enough for Owen to know, in order to excite him to enterprize.”

invented verb US /ˌɪnˈventəd/

past form of “invent” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading “The clergyman acknowledged that the short-hand he used was not the best yet invented; and that perhaps the best yet invented might not be nearly so good as some one not yet devised.”

owen noun US /ˈoʊən/

Welsh industrialist and social reformer who founded cooperative communities (1771-1858)

From this reading “OWEN AND X. Y. Z.”

scrap noun US /skræp/

a small fragment of something broken off from the whole

From this reading “From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.”

specimens noun US /ˈspesəmənz/

plural of “specimen” — an example regarded as typical of its class

From this reading “Mr. Waugh had directed him to the clergyman as the person most likely to give him information on the subject, and to show him specimens.”

Waugh noun US /wɔː/

English author of satirical novels (1903-1966)

From this reading “Mr. Waugh had directed him to the clergyman as the person most likely to give him information on the subject, and to show him specimens.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

most likely adverb + adjective

In this reading “Mr. Waugh had directed him to the clergyman as the person most likely to give him information on the subject, and to show him specimens.”

on the subject preposition + article + noun counted as “on … subject”

In this reading “Mr. Waugh had directed him to the clergyman as the person most likely to give him information on the subject, and to show him specimens.”

in order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “This was enough for Owen to know, in order to excite him to enterprize.”

brought home verb + noun counted as “bring home”

make understandable and clear

In this reading “From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

acknowledgedadjectiveUS /ækˈnɑːlɪdʒd/

recognized or made known or admitted

From this reading The clergyman acknowledged that the short-hand he used was not the best yet invented; and that perhaps the best yet invented might not be nearly so good as some one not yet devised.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading OWEN AND X. Y. Z.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Mr. Waugh had directed him to the clergyman as the person most likely to give him information on the subject, and to show him specimens.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The clergyman acknowledged that the short-hand he used was not the best yet invented; and that perhaps the best yet invented might not be nearly so good as some one not yet devised.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading The clergyman acknowledged that the short-hand he used was not the best yet invented; and that perhaps the best yet invented might not be nearly so good as some one not yet devised.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.

clergymannounUS /ˈklɜːrdʒimən/

a member of the clergy and a spiritual leader of the Christian Church

From this reading Mr. Waugh had directed him to the clergyman as the person most likely to give him information on the subject, and to show him specimens.

devisedverbUS /dɪˈvaɪzd/

past form of “devise” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading The clergyman acknowledged that the short-hand he used was not the best yet invented; and that perhaps the best yet invented might not be nearly so good as some one not yet devised.

directedadjectiveUS /dərˈektəd/

(often used in combination) having a specified direction

From this reading Mr. Waugh had directed him to the clergyman as the person most likely to give him information on the subject, and to show him specimens.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading This was enough for Owen to know, in order to excite him to enterprize.

enterprize

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was enough for Owen to know, in order to excite him to enterprize.

exciteverbUS /ɪkˈsaɪt/

arouse or elicit a feeling

From this reading This was enough for Owen to know, in order to excite him to enterprize.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading This was enough for Owen to know, in order to excite him to enterprize.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Mr. Waugh had directed him to the clergyman as the person most likely to give him information on the subject, and to show him specimens.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading The clergyman acknowledged that the short-hand he used was not the best yet invented; and that perhaps the best yet invented might not be nearly so good as some one not yet devised.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Mr. Waugh had directed him to the clergyman as the person most likely to give him information on the subject, and to show him specimens.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading This was enough for Owen to know, in order to excite him to enterprize.

informationnounUS /ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/

a message received and understood

From this reading Mr. Waugh had directed him to the clergyman as the person most likely to give him information on the subject, and to show him specimens.

inventedverbUS /ˌɪnˈventəd/

past form of “invent” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading The clergyman acknowledged that the short-hand he used was not the best yet invented; and that perhaps the best yet invented might not be nearly so good as some one not yet devised.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading This was enough for Owen to know, in order to excite him to enterprize.

likelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪkli/

has a good chance of being the case or of coming about

From this reading Mr. Waugh had directed him to the clergyman as the person most likely to give him information on the subject, and to show him specimens.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The clergyman acknowledged that the short-hand he used was not the best yet invented; and that perhaps the best yet invented might not be nearly so good as some one not yet devised.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Mr. Waugh had directed him to the clergyman as the person most likely to give him information on the subject, and to show him specimens.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Mr. Waugh had directed him to the clergyman as the person most likely to give him information on the subject, and to show him specimens.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The clergyman acknowledged that the short-hand he used was not the best yet invented; and that perhaps the best yet invented might not be nearly so good as some one not yet devised.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The clergyman acknowledged that the short-hand he used was not the best yet invented; and that perhaps the best yet invented might not be nearly so good as some one not yet devised.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Mr. Waugh had directed him to the clergyman as the person most likely to give him information on the subject, and to show him specimens.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The clergyman acknowledged that the short-hand he used was not the best yet invented; and that perhaps the best yet invented might not be nearly so good as some one not yet devised.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading This was enough for Owen to know, in order to excite him to enterprize.

OWENnounUS /ˈoʊən/

Welsh industrialist and social reformer who founded cooperative communities (1771-1858)

From this reading OWEN AND X. Y. Z.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading The clergyman acknowledged that the short-hand he used was not the best yet invented; and that perhaps the best yet invented might not be nearly so good as some one not yet devised.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading Mr. Waugh had directed him to the clergyman as the person most likely to give him information on the subject, and to show him specimens.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.

scrapnounUS /skræp/

a small fragment of something broken off from the whole

From this reading From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.

short-hand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Mr. Waugh had directed him to the clergyman as the person most likely to give him information on the subject, and to show him specimens.

sisternounUS /ˈsɪstər/

a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The clergyman acknowledged that the short-hand he used was not the best yet invented; and that perhaps the best yet invented might not be nearly so good as some one not yet devised.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The clergyman acknowledged that the short-hand he used was not the best yet invented; and that perhaps the best yet invented might not be nearly so good as some one not yet devised.

specimensnounUS /ˈspesəmənz/

plural of “specimen” — an example regarded as typical of its class

From this reading Mr. Waugh had directed him to the clergyman as the person most likely to give him information on the subject, and to show him specimens.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading Mr. Waugh had directed him to the clergyman as the person most likely to give him information on the subject, and to show him specimens.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This was enough for Owen to know, in order to excite him to enterprize.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading The clergyman acknowledged that the short-hand he used was not the best yet invented; and that perhaps the best yet invented might not be nearly so good as some one not yet devised.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The clergyman acknowledged that the short-hand he used was not the best yet invented; and that perhaps the best yet invented might not be nearly so good as some one not yet devised.

WaughnounUS /wɔː/

English author of satirical novels (1903-1966)

From this reading Mr. Waugh had directed him to the clergyman as the person most likely to give him information on the subject, and to show him specimens.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading From the moment that Owen saw the scrap of short-hand which his brother and sister brought home from the hills, he had taken to the study of the art of short-hand writing.

XnounUS /eks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading OWEN AND X. Y. Z.

YnounUS /waɪ/

a silvery metallic element that is common in rare-earth minerals; used in magnesium and aluminum alloys

From this reading OWEN AND X. Y. Z.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading The clergyman acknowledged that the short-hand he used was not the best yet invented; and that perhaps the best yet invented might not be nearly so good as some one not yet devised.

ZnounUS /ziː/

the ending of a series or sequence

From this reading OWEN AND X. Y. Z.

Chapter 36 of Illustrations of taxation by Harriet Martineau holds 161 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 36 of Illustrations of taxation contain?

Chapter 36 holds 161 sentences of Illustrations of taxation, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 36 of Illustrations of taxation by Harriet Martineau exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 161 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 36 of Illustrations of taxation?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 36 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 36 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Illustrations of taxation

Common questions about reading Illustrations of taxation by Harriet Martineau on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Illustrations of taxation?

Yes. All 8157 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #77059 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Illustrations of taxation is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #77059, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Illustrations of taxation take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1632 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Illustrations of taxation section by section

How to work through Illustrations of taxation section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Illustrations of taxation to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Illustrations of taxation

Words and structures a reader meets early in Illustrations of taxation, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of taxation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Collection
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of taxation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Previously
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of taxation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Published
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Illustrations of taxation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.