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Imaginary Conversations and Poems
Imaginary Conversations and Poems

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Imaginary Conversations and Poems is here in full — 417 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Imaginary Conversations and Poems
Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_Godiva._ Never, no, never will I rise, O Leofric, until you remit this most impious task--this tax on hard labour, on hard life.
_Leofric._ Turn round: look how the fat nag canters, as to the tune of a sinner's psalm, slow and hard-breathing.
What reason or right can the people have to complain, while their bishop's steed is so sleek and well caparisoned?
Inclination to change, desire to abolish old usages.
Up! up! for shame!
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Imaginary Conversations and Poems

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Imaginary Conversations and Poems is here in full — 417 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Godiva._ Never, no, never will I rise, O Leofric, until you remit this most impious task--this tax on hard labour, on hard life.
Line 2
_Leofric._ Turn round: look how the fat nag canters, as to the tune of a sinner's psalm, slow and hard-breathing.
Line 3
What reason or right can the people have to complain, while their bishop's steed is so sleek and well caparisoned?
Line 4
Inclination to change, desire to abolish old usages.
/ˌɪnkləˈneɪʃən tuː tʃeɪndʒ dɪˈzaɪər tuː əˈbɑːlɪʃ oʊld ˈjuːsədʒəz/
Line 5
Up! up! for shame!
/ʌp ʌp fɔːr ʃeɪm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abolish verb US /əˈbɑːlɪʃ/

do away with

From this reading “Inclination to change, desire to abolish old usages.”

bishop's noun US /ˈbɪʃəps/

possessive form of “bishop” — a senior member of the Christian clergy having spiritual and administrative authority; appointed in Christian churches to oversee priests or ministers; considered in some churches to be successors of the twelve Apostles of Christ

From this reading “What reason or right can the people have to complain, while their bishop's steed is so sleek and well caparisoned?”

Godiva noun US /ɡəˈdaɪvə/

according to legend she rode naked through Coventry in order to persuade her husband not to tax the townspeople so heavily

impious adjective US /ˌɪmˈpaɪəs/

lacking piety or reverence for a god

From this reading “_Godiva._ Never, no, never will I rise, O Leofric, until you remit this most impious task--this tax on hard labour, on hard life.”

nag verb US /næɡ/

bother persistently with trivial complaints

From this reading “_Leofric._ Turn round: look how the fat nag canters, as to the tune of a sinner's psalm, slow and hard-breathing.”

psalm noun US /sɑːlm/

one of the 150 lyrical poems and prayers that comprise the Book of Psalms in the Old Testament; said to have been written by David

From this reading “_Leofric._ Turn round: look how the fat nag canters, as to the tune of a sinner's psalm, slow and hard-breathing.”

remit verb US /riˈmɪt/

send (money) in payment

From this reading “_Godiva._ Never, no, never will I rise, O Leofric, until you remit this most impious task--this tax on hard labour, on hard life.”

usages noun US /ˈjuːsədʒəz/

plural of “usage” — the act of using

From this reading “Inclination to change, desire to abolish old usages.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _Leofric._ Turn round: look how the fat nag canters, as to the tune of a sinner's psalm, slow and hard-breathing.

abolishverbUS /əˈbɑːlɪʃ/

do away with

From this reading Inclination to change, desire to abolish old usages.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Leofric._ Turn round: look how the fat nag canters, as to the tune of a sinner's psalm, slow and hard-breathing.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading _Leofric._ Turn round: look how the fat nag canters, as to the tune of a sinner's psalm, slow and hard-breathing.

bishop'snounUS /ˈbɪʃəps/

possessive form of “bishop” — a senior member of the Christian clergy having spiritual and administrative authority; appointed in Christian churches to oversee priests or ministers; considered in some churches to be successors of the twelve Apostles of Christ

From this reading What reason or right can the people have to complain, while their bishop's steed is so sleek and well caparisoned?

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading What reason or right can the people have to complain, while their bishop's steed is so sleek and well caparisoned?

canters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Leofric._ Turn round: look how the fat nag canters, as to the tune of a sinner's psalm, slow and hard-breathing.

caparisonedadjective

clothed in finery (especially a horse in ornamental trappings)

From this reading What reason or right can the people have to complain, while their bishop's steed is so sleek and well caparisoned?

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading Inclination to change, desire to abolish old usages.

complainverbUS /kəmˈpleɪn/

express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness

From this reading What reason or right can the people have to complain, while their bishop's steed is so sleek and well caparisoned?

desirenounUS /dɪˈzaɪər/

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading Inclination to change, desire to abolish old usages.

fatadjectiveUS /fæt/

having an (over)abundance of flesh

From this reading _Leofric._ Turn round: look how the fat nag canters, as to the tune of a sinner's psalm, slow and hard-breathing.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Up! up! for shame!

GodivanounUS /ɡəˈdaɪvə/

according to legend she rode naked through Coventry in order to persuade her husband not to tax the townspeople so heavily

From this reading _Godiva._ Never, no, never will I rise, O Leofric, until you remit this most impious task--this tax on hard labour, on hard life.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading _Godiva._ Never, no, never will I rise, O Leofric, until you remit this most impious task--this tax on hard labour, on hard life.

hard-breathing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Leofric._ Turn round: look how the fat nag canters, as to the tune of a sinner's psalm, slow and hard-breathing.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading What reason or right can the people have to complain, while their bishop's steed is so sleek and well caparisoned?

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Leofric._ Turn round: look how the fat nag canters, as to the tune of a sinner's psalm, slow and hard-breathing.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading _Godiva._ Never, no, never will I rise, O Leofric, until you remit this most impious task--this tax on hard labour, on hard life.

impiousadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpaɪəs/

lacking piety or reverence for a god

From this reading _Godiva._ Never, no, never will I rise, O Leofric, until you remit this most impious task--this tax on hard labour, on hard life.

InclinationnounUS /ˌɪnkləˈneɪʃən/

an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading Inclination to change, desire to abolish old usages.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading What reason or right can the people have to complain, while their bishop's steed is so sleek and well caparisoned?

labournounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading _Godiva._ Never, no, never will I rise, O Leofric, until you remit this most impious task--this tax on hard labour, on hard life.

Leofric

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Godiva._ Never, no, never will I rise, O Leofric, until you remit this most impious task--this tax on hard labour, on hard life.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading _Godiva._ Never, no, never will I rise, O Leofric, until you remit this most impious task--this tax on hard labour, on hard life.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading _Leofric._ Turn round: look how the fat nag canters, as to the tune of a sinner's psalm, slow and hard-breathing.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading _Godiva._ Never, no, never will I rise, O Leofric, until you remit this most impious task--this tax on hard labour, on hard life.

nagverbUS /næɡ/

bother persistently with trivial complaints

From this reading _Leofric._ Turn round: look how the fat nag canters, as to the tune of a sinner's psalm, slow and hard-breathing.

NeveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading _Godiva._ Never, no, never will I rise, O Leofric, until you remit this most impious task--this tax on hard labour, on hard life.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading _Godiva._ Never, no, never will I rise, O Leofric, until you remit this most impious task--this tax on hard labour, on hard life.

OnounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading _Godiva._ Never, no, never will I rise, O Leofric, until you remit this most impious task--this tax on hard labour, on hard life.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Leofric._ Turn round: look how the fat nag canters, as to the tune of a sinner's psalm, slow and hard-breathing.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Inclination to change, desire to abolish old usages.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading _Godiva._ Never, no, never will I rise, O Leofric, until you remit this most impious task--this tax on hard labour, on hard life.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading What reason or right can the people have to complain, while their bishop's steed is so sleek and well caparisoned?

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading What reason or right can the people have to complain, while their bishop's steed is so sleek and well caparisoned?

psalmnounUS /sɑːlm/

one of the 150 lyrical poems and prayers that comprise the Book of Psalms in the Old Testament; said to have been written by David

From this reading _Leofric._ Turn round: look how the fat nag canters, as to the tune of a sinner's psalm, slow and hard-breathing.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading What reason or right can the people have to complain, while their bishop's steed is so sleek and well caparisoned?

remitverbUS /riˈmɪt/

send (money) in payment

From this reading _Godiva._ Never, no, never will I rise, O Leofric, until you remit this most impious task--this tax on hard labour, on hard life.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading What reason or right can the people have to complain, while their bishop's steed is so sleek and well caparisoned?

riseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading _Godiva._ Never, no, never will I rise, O Leofric, until you remit this most impious task--this tax on hard labour, on hard life.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading _Leofric._ Turn round: look how the fat nag canters, as to the tune of a sinner's psalm, slow and hard-breathing.

shamenounUS /ʃeɪm/

a painful emotion resulting from an awareness of inadequacy or guilt

From this reading Up! up! for shame!

sinner's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Leofric._ Turn round: look how the fat nag canters, as to the tune of a sinner's psalm, slow and hard-breathing.

sleekadjectiveUS /sliːk/

well-groomed and neatly tailored; especially too well-groomed

From this reading What reason or right can the people have to complain, while their bishop's steed is so sleek and well caparisoned?

slowadjectiveUS /sloʊ/

not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time

From this reading _Leofric._ Turn round: look how the fat nag canters, as to the tune of a sinner's psalm, slow and hard-breathing.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading What reason or right can the people have to complain, while their bishop's steed is so sleek and well caparisoned?

steednounUS /stiːd/

(literary) a spirited horse for state of war

From this reading What reason or right can the people have to complain, while their bishop's steed is so sleek and well caparisoned?

tasknounUS /tæsk/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading _Godiva._ Never, no, never will I rise, O Leofric, until you remit this most impious task--this tax on hard labour, on hard life.

taxverbUS /tæks/

levy a tax on

From this reading _Godiva._ Never, no, never will I rise, O Leofric, until you remit this most impious task--this tax on hard labour, on hard life.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Leofric._ Turn round: look how the fat nag canters, as to the tune of a sinner's psalm, slow and hard-breathing.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading What reason or right can the people have to complain, while their bishop's steed is so sleek and well caparisoned?

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading _Godiva._ Never, no, never will I rise, O Leofric, until you remit this most impious task--this tax on hard labour, on hard life.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _Leofric._ Turn round: look how the fat nag canters, as to the tune of a sinner's psalm, slow and hard-breathing.

tunenounUS /tuːn/

a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence

From this reading _Leofric._ Turn round: look how the fat nag canters, as to the tune of a sinner's psalm, slow and hard-breathing.

TurnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading _Leofric._ Turn round: look how the fat nag canters, as to the tune of a sinner's psalm, slow and hard-breathing.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading _Godiva._ Never, no, never will I rise, O Leofric, until you remit this most impious task--this tax on hard labour, on hard life.

UpadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Up! up! for shame!

usagesnounUS /ˈjuːsədʒəz/

plural of “usage” — the act of using

From this reading Inclination to change, desire to abolish old usages.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading What reason or right can the people have to complain, while their bishop's steed is so sleek and well caparisoned?

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What reason or right can the people have to complain, while their bishop's steed is so sleek and well caparisoned?

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading What reason or right can the people have to complain, while their bishop's steed is so sleek and well caparisoned?

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading _Godiva._ Never, no, never will I rise, O Leofric, until you remit this most impious task--this tax on hard labour, on hard life.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading _Godiva._ Never, no, never will I rise, O Leofric, until you remit this most impious task--this tax on hard labour, on hard life.

Chapter 4 of Imaginary Conversations and Poems by Walter Savage Landor holds 417 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Imaginary Conversations and Poems contain?

Chapter 4 holds 417 sentences of Imaginary Conversations and Poems, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Imaginary Conversations and Poems by Walter Savage Landor exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 417 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Imaginary Conversations and Poems?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Imaginary Conversations and Poems

Common questions about reading Imaginary Conversations and Poems by Walter Savage Landor on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Imaginary Conversations and Poems?

Yes. All 7349 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #21628 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Imaginary Conversations and Poems is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #21628, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Imaginary Conversations and Poems take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1470 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Imaginary Conversations and Poems section by section

How to work through Imaginary Conversations and Poems section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Imaginary Conversations and Poems

Words and structures a reader meets early in Imaginary Conversations and Poems, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Bossuet
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Imaginary Conversations and Poems; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Duchess
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Imaginary Conversations and Poems; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fontanges
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Imaginary Conversations and Poems; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gaunt
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Imaginary Conversations and Poems; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.