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In Freedom's Cause
In Freedom's Cause

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of In Freedom's Cause is here in full — 229 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/45 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Cave in the Pentlands John Kerr was well nigh beside himself with fury.
If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.
Again he started with his vassals to explore the hills, this time in parties of ten only, so as to explore thoroughly a larger space of ground.
When at evening the men returned, it was found that but two men of one of the parties, composed entirely of men-at-arms from the castle, came back.
They reported that when in a narrow ravine showers of rocks were hurled down upon them from both sides.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

In Freedom's Cause

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of In Freedom's Cause is here in full — 229 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/45 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Cave in the Pentlands John Kerr was well nigh beside himself with fury.
Line 2
If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.
/ɪf ðɪs wɑːz tuː ɡoʊ ɑːn ðə hoʊl ʌv hɪz ɪˈsteɪt wʊd biː ˈherid hɪz ˈvæsəlz ˈruːənd ənd hɪz ˈrevənuːz stɑːpt ənd ðɪs baɪ ə mɪr ˈhændfʊl ʌv foʊz/
Line 3
Again he started with his vassals to explore the hills, this time in parties of ten only, so as to explore thoroughly a larger space of ground.
/əˈɡen hiː ˈstɑːrtɪd wɪð hɪz ˈvæsəlz tuː ɪkˈsplɔːr ðə hɪlz ðɪs taɪm ɪn ˈpɑːrtiz ʌv ten ˈoʊnli soʊ æz tuː ɪkˈsplɔːr ˈθɜːroʊli ə ˈlɑːrdʒər speɪs ʌv ɡraʊnd/
Line 4
When at evening the men returned, it was found that but two men of one of the parties, composed entirely of men-at-arms from the castle, came back.
Line 5
They reported that when in a narrow ravine showers of rocks were hurled down upon them from both sides.
/ðeɪ ˌriːˈpɔːrtɪd ðæt wen ɪn ə ˈneroʊ rəˈviːn ˈʃaʊərz ʌv rɑːks wɜːr hɜːrld daʊn əˈpɑːn ðem frʌm boʊθ saɪdz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

explore verb US /ɪkˈsplɔːr/

inquire into

From this reading “Again he started with his vassals to explore the hills, this time in parties of ten only, so as to explore thoroughly a larger space of ground.”

foes noun US /foʊz/

plural of “foe” — an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading “If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.”

handful noun US /ˈhændfʊl/

a small number or amount

From this reading “If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.”

harried adjective US /ˈherid/

troubled persistently especially with petty annoyances

From this reading “If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.”

ravine noun US /rəˈviːn/

a deep narrow steep-sided valley (especially one formed by running water)

From this reading “They reported that when in a narrow ravine showers of rocks were hurled down upon them from both sides.”

revenues noun US /ˈrevənuːz/

plural of “revenue” — the entire amount of income before any deductions are made

From this reading “If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.”

showers noun US /ˈʃaʊərz/

plural of “shower” — a plumbing fixture that sprays water over you

From this reading “They reported that when in a narrow ravine showers of rocks were hurled down upon them from both sides.”

vassals noun US /ˈvæsəlz/

plural of “vassal” — a person holding a fief; a person who owes allegiance and service to a feudal lord

From this reading “If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.

AgainadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Again he started with his vassals to explore the hills, this time in parties of ten only, so as to explore thoroughly a larger space of ground.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Again he started with his vassals to explore the hills, this time in parties of ten only, so as to explore thoroughly a larger space of ground.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading When at evening the men returned, it was found that but two men of one of the parties, composed entirely of men-at-arms from the castle, came back.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading When at evening the men returned, it was found that but two men of one of the parties, composed entirely of men-at-arms from the castle, came back.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.

besideprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪd/

next to; at the side of

From this reading The Cave in the Pentlands John Kerr was well nigh beside himself with fury.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading They reported that when in a narrow ravine showers of rocks were hurled down upon them from both sides.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading When at evening the men returned, it was found that but two men of one of the parties, composed entirely of men-at-arms from the castle, came back.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading When at evening the men returned, it was found that but two men of one of the parties, composed entirely of men-at-arms from the castle, came back.

castlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading When at evening the men returned, it was found that but two men of one of the parties, composed entirely of men-at-arms from the castle, came back.

CavenounUS /keɪv/

a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea

From this reading The Cave in the Pentlands John Kerr was well nigh beside himself with fury.

composedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpoʊzd/

serenely self-possessed and free from agitation especially in times of stress

From this reading When at evening the men returned, it was found that but two men of one of the parties, composed entirely of men-at-arms from the castle, came back.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading They reported that when in a narrow ravine showers of rocks were hurled down upon them from both sides.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading When at evening the men returned, it was found that but two men of one of the parties, composed entirely of men-at-arms from the castle, came back.

estatenounUS /ɪˈsteɪt/

everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading When at evening the men returned, it was found that but two men of one of the parties, composed entirely of men-at-arms from the castle, came back.

exploreverbUS /ɪkˈsplɔːr/

inquire into

From this reading Again he started with his vassals to explore the hills, this time in parties of ten only, so as to explore thoroughly a larger space of ground.

foesnounUS /foʊz/

plural of “foe” — an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading When at evening the men returned, it was found that but two men of one of the parties, composed entirely of men-at-arms from the castle, came back.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading When at evening the men returned, it was found that but two men of one of the parties, composed entirely of men-at-arms from the castle, came back.

furynounUS /ˈfjʊri/

a feeling of intense anger

From this reading The Cave in the Pentlands John Kerr was well nigh beside himself with fury.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading Again he started with his vassals to explore the hills, this time in parties of ten only, so as to explore thoroughly a larger space of ground.

handfulnounUS /ˈhændfʊl/

a small number or amount

From this reading If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.

harriedadjectiveUS /ˈherid/

troubled persistently especially with petty annoyances

From this reading If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Again he started with his vassals to explore the hills, this time in parties of ten only, so as to explore thoroughly a larger space of ground.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading Again he started with his vassals to explore the hills, this time in parties of ten only, so as to explore thoroughly a larger space of ground.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The Cave in the Pentlands John Kerr was well nigh beside himself with fury.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.

hurledverbUS /hɜːrld/

past form of “hurl” — throw forcefully

From this reading They reported that when in a narrow ravine showers of rocks were hurled down upon them from both sides.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Cave in the Pentlands John Kerr was well nigh beside himself with fury.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading When at evening the men returned, it was found that but two men of one of the parties, composed entirely of men-at-arms from the castle, came back.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading The Cave in the Pentlands John Kerr was well nigh beside himself with fury.

Kerr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Cave in the Pentlands John Kerr was well nigh beside himself with fury.

largeradjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading Again he started with his vassals to explore the hills, this time in parties of ten only, so as to explore thoroughly a larger space of ground.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading When at evening the men returned, it was found that but two men of one of the parties, composed entirely of men-at-arms from the castle, came back.

men-at-arms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When at evening the men returned, it was found that but two men of one of the parties, composed entirely of men-at-arms from the castle, came back.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading They reported that when in a narrow ravine showers of rocks were hurled down upon them from both sides.

nighadjectiveUS /naɪ/

not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances

From this reading The Cave in the Pentlands John Kerr was well nigh beside himself with fury.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading When at evening the men returned, it was found that but two men of one of the parties, composed entirely of men-at-arms from the castle, came back.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Again he started with his vassals to explore the hills, this time in parties of ten only, so as to explore thoroughly a larger space of ground.

partiesnounUS /ˈpɑːrtiz/

plural of “party” — an organization to gain political power

From this reading Again he started with his vassals to explore the hills, this time in parties of ten only, so as to explore thoroughly a larger space of ground.

Pentlands

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Cave in the Pentlands John Kerr was well nigh beside himself with fury.

ravinenounUS /rəˈviːn/

a deep narrow steep-sided valley (especially one formed by running water)

From this reading They reported that when in a narrow ravine showers of rocks were hurled down upon them from both sides.

reportedadjectiveUS /ˌriːˈpɔːrtɪd/

made known or told about; especially presented in a formal account

From this reading They reported that when in a narrow ravine showers of rocks were hurled down upon them from both sides.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading When at evening the men returned, it was found that but two men of one of the parties, composed entirely of men-at-arms from the castle, came back.

revenuesnounUS /ˈrevənuːz/

plural of “revenue” — the entire amount of income before any deductions are made

From this reading If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.

rocksnounUS /rɑːks/

plural of “rock” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading They reported that when in a narrow ravine showers of rocks were hurled down upon them from both sides.

ruinedadjectiveUS /ˈruːənd/

destroyed physically or morally

From this reading If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.

showersnounUS /ˈʃaʊərz/

plural of “shower” — a plumbing fixture that sprays water over you

From this reading They reported that when in a narrow ravine showers of rocks were hurled down upon them from both sides.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading They reported that when in a narrow ravine showers of rocks were hurled down upon them from both sides.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Again he started with his vassals to explore the hills, this time in parties of ten only, so as to explore thoroughly a larger space of ground.

spacenounUS /speɪs/

the unlimited expanse in which everything is located

From this reading Again he started with his vassals to explore the hills, this time in parties of ten only, so as to explore thoroughly a larger space of ground.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Again he started with his vassals to explore the hills, this time in parties of ten only, so as to explore thoroughly a larger space of ground.

stoppedadjectiveUS /stɑːpt/

(of a nose) blocked

From this reading If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading Again he started with his vassals to explore the hills, this time in parties of ten only, so as to explore thoroughly a larger space of ground.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading When at evening the men returned, it was found that but two men of one of the parties, composed entirely of men-at-arms from the castle, came back.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Cave in the Pentlands John Kerr was well nigh beside himself with fury.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They reported that when in a narrow ravine showers of rocks were hurled down upon them from both sides.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They reported that when in a narrow ravine showers of rocks were hurled down upon them from both sides.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.

thoroughlyadverbUS /ˈθɜːroʊli/

in an exhaustive manner

From this reading Again he started with his vassals to explore the hills, this time in parties of ten only, so as to explore thoroughly a larger space of ground.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Again he started with his vassals to explore the hills, this time in parties of ten only, so as to explore thoroughly a larger space of ground.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading When at evening the men returned, it was found that but two men of one of the parties, composed entirely of men-at-arms from the castle, came back.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading They reported that when in a narrow ravine showers of rocks were hurled down upon them from both sides.

vassalsnounUS /ˈvæsəlz/

plural of “vassal” — a person holding a fief; a person who owes allegiance and service to a feudal lord

From this reading If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Cave in the Pentlands John Kerr was well nigh beside himself with fury.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading The Cave in the Pentlands John Kerr was well nigh beside himself with fury.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They reported that when in a narrow ravine showers of rocks were hurled down upon them from both sides.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When at evening the men returned, it was found that but two men of one of the parties, composed entirely of men-at-arms from the castle, came back.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The Cave in the Pentlands John Kerr was well nigh beside himself with fury.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading If this was to go on, the whole of his estate would be harried, his vassals ruined, and his revenues stopped, and this by a mere handful of foes.

Chapter 7 of In Freedom's Cause by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty holds 229 sentences, grouped into 46 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of In Freedom's Cause contain?

Chapter 7 holds 229 sentences of In Freedom's Cause, unabridged, divided into 46 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of In Freedom's Cause by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 229 sentences, grouped into 46 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of In Freedom's Cause?

Work through the 46 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 46 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading In Freedom's Cause

Common questions about reading In Freedom's Cause by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of In Freedom's Cause?

Yes. All 4640 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4792 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of In Freedom's Cause is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4792, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does In Freedom's Cause take to read?

About 386 minutes of reading across 928 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read In Freedom's Cause section by section

How to work through In Freedom's Cause section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 27 chapters of In Freedom's Cause to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in In Freedom's Cause

Words and structures a reader meets early in In Freedom's Cause, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Village
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In Freedom's Cause; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cairn
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In Freedom's Cause; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Situated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In Freedom's Cause; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Valley
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In Freedom's Cause; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.