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In Freedom's Cause
In Freedom's Cause

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of In Freedom's Cause is here in full — 174 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
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The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.
"I trust," the former said, "that Wallace will succeed in converting my brother.
I am envious of you, Sir Archie.
Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."
"I trust it may be so, Sir Nigel," Archie answered.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

In Freedom's Cause

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of In Freedom's Cause is here in full — 174 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.
Line 2
"I trust," the former said, "that Wallace will succeed in converting my brother.
/aɪ trʌst ðə ˈfɔːrmər sed ðæt ˈwɔːləs wɪl səkˈsiːd ɪn kənˈvɜːrtɪŋ maɪ ˈbrʌðər/
Line 3
I am envious of you, Sir Archie.
Line 4
Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."
/hiːr ɑːr juː ˈmeni jɪrz ˈjʌŋɡər ðæn aɪ æm ənd jet juː hæv wʌn ə neɪm θruːˈaʊt ˈskɑːtlənd æz wʌn ʌv hɜːr ˈtʃæmpiənz waɪl aɪ æm ˈiːtɪŋ maɪ hɑːrt aʊt wɪð maɪ ˈbrʌðər æt ðə kɔːrt ʌv ˈedwərd/
Line 5
"I trust it may be so, Sir Nigel," Archie answered.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bruce noun US /bruːs/

Australian physician and bacteriologist who described the bacterium that causes undulant fever or brucellosis (1855-1931)

From this reading “The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.”

champions noun US /ˈtʃæmpiənz/

plural of “champion” — someone who has won first place in a competition

From this reading “Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."”

converting verb US /kənˈvɜːrtɪŋ/

-ing form of “convert” — change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy

From this reading “"I trust," the former said, "that Wallace will succeed in converting my brother.”

cordially adverb US /ˈkɔːrdʒəli/

in a hearty manner

From this reading “The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.”

envious adjective US /ˈenviəs/

showing extreme cupidity; painfully desirous of another's advantages

From this reading “I am envious of you, Sir Archie.”

saluting verb US /səˈluːtɪŋ/

-ing form of “salute” — propose a toast to

From this reading “The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.”

Scotland noun US /ˈskɑːtlənd/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading “Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."”

Wallace noun US /ˈwɔːləs/

Scottish insurgent who led the resistance to Edward I; in 1297 he gained control of Scotland briefly until Edward invaded Scotland again and defeated Wallace and subsequently executed him (1270-1305)

From this reading “"I trust," the former said, "that Wallace will succeed in converting my brother.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading I am envious of you, Sir Archie.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

answeredverbUS /ˈænsərd/

past form of “answer” — react verbally

From this reading "I trust it may be so, Sir Nigel," Archie answered.

Archie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading "I trust it may be so, Sir Nigel," Archie answered.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading "I trust," the former said, "that Wallace will succeed in converting my brother.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

BrucenounUS /bruːs/

Australian physician and bacteriologist who described the bacterium that causes undulant fever or brucellosis (1855-1931)

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

championsnounUS /ˈtʃæmpiənz/

plural of “champion” — someone who has won first place in a competition

From this reading Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."

convertingverbUS /kənˈvɜːrtɪŋ/

-ing form of “convert” — change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy

From this reading "I trust," the former said, "that Wallace will succeed in converting my brother.

cordiallyadverbUS /ˈkɔːrdʒəli/

in a hearty manner

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

CouncilnounUS /ˈkaʊnsəl/

a body serving in an administrative capacity

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."

eatingnounUS /ˈiːtɪŋ/

the act of consuming food

From this reading Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."

enviousadjectiveUS /ˈenviəs/

showing extreme cupidity; painfully desirous of another's advantages

From this reading I am envious of you, Sir Archie.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading "I trust," the former said, "that Wallace will succeed in converting my brother.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "I trust," the former said, "that Wallace will succeed in converting my brother.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "I trust," the former said, "that Wallace will succeed in converting my brother.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "I trust it may be so, Sir Nigel," Archie answered.

ladiesnounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

plural of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."

marchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading "I trust it may be so, Sir Nigel," Archie answered.

mountedadjectiveUS /ˈmaʊntəd/

assembled for use; especially by being attached to a support

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "I trust," the former said, "that Wallace will succeed in converting my brother.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."

Nigel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I am envious of you, Sir Archie.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "I trust," the former said, "that Wallace will succeed in converting my brother.

salutingverbUS /səˈluːtɪŋ/

-ing form of “salute” — propose a toast to

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

ScotlandnounUS /ˈskɑːtlənd/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts

From this reading Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading I am envious of you, Sir Archie.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading "I trust it may be so, Sir Nigel," Archie answered.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

Stirling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

succeedverbUS /səkˈsiːd/

attain success or reach a desired goal

From this reading "I trust," the former said, "that Wallace will succeed in converting my brother.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "I trust," the former said, "that Wallace will succeed in converting my brother.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."

trustnounUS /trʌst/

something (as property) held by one party (the trustee) for the benefit of another (the beneficiary)

From this reading "I trust," the former said, "that Wallace will succeed in converting my brother.

WallacenounUS /ˈwɔːləs/

Scottish insurgent who led the resistance to Edward I; in 1297 he gained control of Scotland briefly until Edward invaded Scotland again and defeated Wallace and subsequently executed him (1270-1305)

From this reading "I trust," the former said, "that Wallace will succeed in converting my brother.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading "I trust," the former said, "that Wallace will succeed in converting my brother.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

wonnounUS /wʌn/

the basic unit of money in South Korea

From this reading Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I am envious of you, Sir Archie.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading The Council at Stirling Archie had been mounted on the march from the camp, and his horse being now brought, he started with Bruce, young Nigel and the ladies saluting him cordially.

youngeradjectiveUS /ˈjʌŋɡər/

used of the younger of two persons of the same name especially used to distinguish a son from his father

From this reading Here are you, many years younger than I am, and yet you have won a name throughout Scotland as one of her champions; while I am eating my heart out, with my brother, at the court of Edward."

Chapter 8 of In Freedom's Cause by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty holds 174 sentences, grouped into 35 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of In Freedom's Cause contain?

Chapter 8 holds 174 sentences of In Freedom's Cause, unabridged, divided into 35 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of In Freedom's Cause by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 174 sentences, grouped into 35 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of In Freedom's Cause?

Work through the 35 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 35 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading In Freedom's Cause

Common questions about reading In Freedom's Cause by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of In Freedom's Cause?

Yes. All 4640 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4792 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of In Freedom's Cause is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4792, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does In Freedom's Cause take to read?

About 386 minutes of reading across 928 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in In Freedom's Cause

Words and structures a reader meets early in In Freedom's Cause, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Village
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In Freedom's Cause; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cairn
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In Freedom's Cause; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Situated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In Freedom's Cause; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Valley
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In Freedom's Cause; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.