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In Freedom's Cause
In Freedom's Cause

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of In Freedom's Cause is here in full — 178 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/35 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.
Pembroke had established himself at Bothwell Castle, and sent a challenge to Bruce to meet him with his force at Loudon Hill.
Although his previous experience of such challenges was unfortunate, Bruce accepted the offer.
He had learned much since the battle of Methven, and was not likely again to be caught asleep; on the 9th of May he assembled his forces at Loudon Hill.
It was but a small following.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

In Freedom's Cause

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of In Freedom's Cause is here in full — 178 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/35 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.
Line 2
Pembroke had established himself at Bothwell Castle, and sent a challenge to Bruce to meet him with his force at Loudon Hill.
Line 3
Although his previous experience of such challenges was unfortunate, Bruce accepted the offer.
/ˌɔːlˈðoʊ hɪz ˈpriːviəs ɪkˈspɪriəns ʌv sʌtʃ ˈtʃæləndʒɪz wɑːz ənˈfɔːrtʃənət bruːs ækˈseptɪd ðə ˈɔːfər/
Line 4
He had learned much since the battle of Methven, and was not likely again to be caught asleep; on the 9th of May he assembled his forces at Loudon Hill.
Line 5
It was but a small following.
/ɪt wɑːz bʌt ə smɔːl ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Bruce noun US /bruːs/

Australian physician and bacteriologist who described the bacterium that causes undulant fever or brucellosis (1855-1931)

From this reading “The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.”

challenge verb US /ˈtʃæləndʒ/

take exception to

From this reading “Pembroke had established himself at Bothwell Castle, and sent a challenge to Bruce to meet him with his force at Loudon Hill.”

challenges noun US /ˈtʃæləndʒɪz/

plural of “challenge” — a demanding or stimulating situation

From this reading “Although his previous experience of such challenges was unfortunate, Bruce accepted the offer.”

Cunningham noun US /ˈkʌnɪŋhæm/

United States dancer and choreographer (born in 1922)

From this reading “The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.”

districts noun US /ˈdɪstrɪkts/

plural of “district” — a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading “The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.”

establish verb US /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/

set up or found

From this reading “The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.”

Pembroke noun US /ˈpembroʊk/

the smaller and straight-legged variety of corgi having pointed ears and a short tail

From this reading “Pembroke had established himself at Bothwell Castle, and sent a challenge to Bruce to meet him with his force at Loudon Hill.”

successes noun US /səkˈsesəz/

plural of “success” — an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading “The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

9th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had learned much since the battle of Methven, and was not likely again to be caught asleep; on the 9th of May he assembled his forces at Loudon Hill.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Pembroke had established himself at Bothwell Castle, and sent a challenge to Bruce to meet him with his force at Loudon Hill.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

acceptedadjectiveUS /ækˈseptɪd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading Although his previous experience of such challenges was unfortunate, Bruce accepted the offer.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading He had learned much since the battle of Methven, and was not likely again to be caught asleep; on the 9th of May he assembled his forces at Loudon Hill.

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Although his previous experience of such challenges was unfortunate, Bruce accepted the offer.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

asleepadjectiveUS /əˈsliːp/

in a state of sleep

From this reading He had learned much since the battle of Methven, and was not likely again to be caught asleep; on the 9th of May he assembled his forces at Loudon Hill.

assembledverbUS /əˈsembəld/

past form of “assemble” — create by putting components or members together

From this reading He had learned much since the battle of Methven, and was not likely again to be caught asleep; on the 9th of May he assembled his forces at Loudon Hill.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Pembroke had established himself at Bothwell Castle, and sent a challenge to Bruce to meet him with his force at Loudon Hill.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading He had learned much since the battle of Methven, and was not likely again to be caught asleep; on the 9th of May he assembled his forces at Loudon Hill.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He had learned much since the battle of Methven, and was not likely again to be caught asleep; on the 9th of May he assembled his forces at Loudon Hill.

Bothwell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pembroke had established himself at Bothwell Castle, and sent a challenge to Bruce to meet him with his force at Loudon Hill.

BrucenounUS /bruːs/

Australian physician and bacteriologist who described the bacterium that causes undulant fever or brucellosis (1855-1931)

From this reading The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It was but a small following.

Carrick

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

CastlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading Pembroke had established himself at Bothwell Castle, and sent a challenge to Bruce to meet him with his force at Loudon Hill.

caughtverbUS /kɑːt/

inflected form of “catch” — discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading He had learned much since the battle of Methven, and was not likely again to be caught asleep; on the 9th of May he assembled his forces at Loudon Hill.

challengeverbUS /ˈtʃæləndʒ/

take exception to

From this reading Pembroke had established himself at Bothwell Castle, and sent a challenge to Bruce to meet him with his force at Loudon Hill.

challengesnounUS /ˈtʃæləndʒɪz/

plural of “challenge” — a demanding or stimulating situation

From this reading Although his previous experience of such challenges was unfortunate, Bruce accepted the offer.

ConventnounUS /ˈkɑːnvənt/

a religious residence especially for nuns

From this reading The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

CunninghamnounUS /ˈkʌnɪŋhæm/

United States dancer and choreographer (born in 1922)

From this reading The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

districtsnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkts/

plural of “district” — a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

establishverbUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃ/

set up or found

From this reading The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

establishedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading Pembroke had established himself at Bothwell Castle, and sent a challenge to Bruce to meet him with his force at Loudon Hill.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading Although his previous experience of such challenges was unfortunate, Bruce accepted the offer.

fastnesses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading It was but a small following.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Pembroke had established himself at Bothwell Castle, and sent a challenge to Bruce to meet him with his force at Loudon Hill.

forcesnounUS /ˈfɔːrsɪz/

plural of “force” — a powerful effect or influence

From this reading He had learned much since the battle of Methven, and was not likely again to be caught asleep; on the 9th of May he assembled his forces at Loudon Hill.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Pembroke had established himself at Bothwell Castle, and sent a challenge to Bruce to meet him with his force at Loudon Hill.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had learned much since the battle of Methven, and was not likely again to be caught asleep; on the 9th of May he assembled his forces at Loudon Hill.

HillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading Pembroke had established himself at Bothwell Castle, and sent a challenge to Bruce to meet him with his force at Loudon Hill.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Pembroke had established himself at Bothwell Castle, and sent a challenge to Bruce to meet him with his force at Loudon Hill.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was but a small following.

Kenneth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

Kyle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading He had learned much since the battle of Methven, and was not likely again to be caught asleep; on the 9th of May he assembled his forces at Loudon Hill.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

likelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪkli/

has a good chance of being the case or of coming about

From this reading He had learned much since the battle of Methven, and was not likely again to be caught asleep; on the 9th of May he assembled his forces at Loudon Hill.

Loudon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pembroke had established himself at Bothwell Castle, and sent a challenge to Bruce to meet him with his force at Loudon Hill.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading He had learned much since the battle of Methven, and was not likely again to be caught asleep; on the 9th of May he assembled his forces at Loudon Hill.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading Pembroke had established himself at Bothwell Castle, and sent a challenge to Bruce to meet him with his force at Loudon Hill.

Methven

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had learned much since the battle of Methven, and was not likely again to be caught asleep; on the 9th of May he assembled his forces at Loudon Hill.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading He had learned much since the battle of Methven, and was not likely again to be caught asleep; on the 9th of May he assembled his forces at Loudon Hill.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He had learned much since the battle of Methven, and was not likely again to be caught asleep; on the 9th of May he assembled his forces at Loudon Hill.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

offerverbUS /ˈɔːfər/

make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading Although his previous experience of such challenges was unfortunate, Bruce accepted the offer.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He had learned much since the battle of Methven, and was not likely again to be caught asleep; on the 9th of May he assembled his forces at Loudon Hill.

PembrokenounUS /ˈpembroʊk/

the smaller and straight-legged variety of corgi having pointed ears and a short tail

From this reading Pembroke had established himself at Bothwell Castle, and sent a challenge to Bruce to meet him with his force at Loudon Hill.

previousadjectiveUS /ˈpriːviəs/

just preceding something else in time or order

From this reading Although his previous experience of such challenges was unfortunate, Bruce accepted the offer.

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Pembroke had established himself at Bothwell Castle, and sent a challenge to Bruce to meet him with his force at Loudon Hill.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading He had learned much since the battle of Methven, and was not likely again to be caught asleep; on the 9th of May he assembled his forces at Loudon Hill.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading It was but a small following.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

successesnounUS /səkˈsesəz/

plural of “success” — an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Although his previous experience of such challenges was unfortunate, Bruce accepted the offer.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

unfortunateadjectiveUS /ənˈfɔːrtʃənət/

not favored by fortune; marked or accompanied by or resulting in ill fortune

From this reading Although his previous experience of such challenges was unfortunate, Bruce accepted the offer.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Convent of St. Kenneth Bruce, as the result of his successes, was now able to leave his fastnesses and establish himself in the districts of Carrick, Kyle, and Cunningham.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Pembroke had established himself at Bothwell Castle, and sent a challenge to Bruce to meet him with his force at Loudon Hill.

Chapter 19 of In Freedom's Cause by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty holds 178 sentences, grouped into 36 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of In Freedom's Cause contain?

Chapter 19 holds 178 sentences of In Freedom's Cause, unabridged, divided into 36 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of In Freedom's Cause by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 178 sentences, grouped into 36 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of In Freedom's Cause?

Work through the 36 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 36 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading In Freedom's Cause

Common questions about reading In Freedom's Cause by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of In Freedom's Cause?

Yes. All 4640 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4792 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of In Freedom's Cause is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4792, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does In Freedom's Cause take to read?

About 386 minutes of reading across 928 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read In Freedom's Cause section by section

How to work through In Freedom's Cause section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in In Freedom's Cause

Words and structures a reader meets early in In Freedom's Cause, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Village
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In Freedom's Cause; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cairn
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In Freedom's Cause; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Situated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In Freedom's Cause; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Valley
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In Freedom's Cause; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.