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In Old Kentucky
In Old Kentucky

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of In Old Kentucky is here in full — 181 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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They were appalled by the predicament in which they found themselves.
The thing seemed quite mysterious.
The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.
As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.
"Oh," she said, distressed, "we're ketched!"
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

In Old Kentucky

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of In Old Kentucky is here in full — 181 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/36 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
They were appalled by the predicament in which they found themselves.
/ðeɪ wɜːr əˈpɔːld baɪ ðə prɪˈdɪkəmənt ɪn wɪtʃ ðeɪ faʊnd ðemˈselvz/
Line 2
The thing seemed quite mysterious.
/ðə θɪŋ siːmd kwaɪt mɪˈstɪriəs/
Line 3
The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.
Line 4
As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.
Line 5
"Oh," she said, distressed, "we're ketched!"

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aglow adjective US /əˈɡloʊ/

softly bright or radiant

From this reading “The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.”

appalled adjective US /əˈpɔːld/

struck with fear, dread, or consternation

From this reading “They were appalled by the predicament in which they found themselves.”

barricade noun US /ˈbærəkeɪd/

a barrier set up by police to stop traffic on a street or road in order to catch a fugitive or inspect traffic etc.

From this reading “As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.”

encircling adjective US /enˈsɜːrkəlɪŋ/

being all around the edges; enclosing

From this reading “As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.”

layers noun US /ˈleɪərz/

plural of “layer” — single thickness of usually some homogeneous substance

From this reading “The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.”

predicament noun US /prɪˈdɪkəmənt/

a situation from which extrication is difficult especially an unpleasant or trying one

From this reading “They were appalled by the predicament in which they found themselves.”

sawyers noun US /ˈsɔːjərz/

plural of “sawyer” — one who is employed to saw wood

From this reading “As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.”

tinder noun US /ˈtɪndər/

material for starting a fire

From this reading “As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.”

All words in this reading · 105

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

aglowadjectiveUS /əˈɡloʊ/

softly bright or radiant

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

appalledadjectiveUS /əˈpɔːld/

struck with fear, dread, or consternation

From this reading They were appalled by the predicament in which they found themselves.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

autumnnounUS /ˈɔːtəm/

the season when the leaves fall from the trees

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

axemen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

barricadenounUS /ˈbærəkeɪd/

a barrier set up by police to stop traffic on a street or road in order to catch a fugitive or inspect traffic etc.

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

brush-fires

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

burstingverbUS /ˈbɜːrstɪŋ/

-ing form of “burst” — come open suddenly and violently, as if from internal pressure

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading They were appalled by the predicament in which they found themselves.

circumstancenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/

a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

clearingnounUS /ˈklɪrɪŋ/

a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

communicatedverbUS /kəˈmjuːnəkeɪtɪd/

past form of “communicate” — transmit information

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

direfuladjective

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

distressedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrest/

facing or experiencing financial trouble or difficulty

From this reading "Oh," she said, distressed, "we're ketched!"

elaborateadjectiveUS /ɪˈlæbrət/

marked by complexity and richness of detail

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

encirclingadjectiveUS /enˈsɜːrkəlɪŋ/

being all around the edges; enclosing

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

evidentlyadverbUS /ˈevədəntli/

unmistakably (“plain” is often used informally for “plainly”)

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

fascinatedadjectiveUS /ˈfæsəneɪtəd/

having your attention fixated as though by a spell

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

flamenounUS /fleɪm/

A hot glowing body of ignited gas produced by fire.

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading They were appalled by the predicament in which they found themselves.

furnacenounUS /ˈfɜːrnəs/

an enclosed chamber in which heat is produced to heat buildings, destroy refuse, smelt or refine ores, etc.

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

gazedverbUS /ɡeɪzd/

past form of “gaze” — look at with fixed eyes

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

girlnounUS /ɡɜːrl/

a young female

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

glitteringadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɪtərɪŋ/

having brief brilliant points or flashes of light

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

heatedadjectiveUS /ˈhiːtəd/

made warm or hot (“het” is a dialectal variant of “heated”)

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They were appalled by the predicament in which they found themselves.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

investigationnounUS /ˌɪnvestəˈɡeɪʃən/

an inquiry into unfamiliar or questionable activities

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

ketched

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Oh," she said, distressed, "we're ketched!"

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

layersnounUS /ˈleɪərz/

plural of “layer” — single thickness of usually some homogeneous substance

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

Layson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

ledgenounUS /ledʒ/

a projecting ridge on a mountain or submerged under water

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

linkverbUS /lɪŋk/

make a logical or causal connection

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

mysteriousadjectiveUS /mɪˈstɪriəs/

of an obscure nature

From this reading The thing seemed quite mysterious.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

OhnounUS /oʊ/

a midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region

From this reading "Oh," she said, distressed, "we're ketched!"

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

perilsnounUS /ˈperəlz/

plural of “peril” — a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

pine-tops

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

pointsnounUS /pɔɪnts/

plural of “point” — a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

predicamentnounUS /prɪˈdɪkəmənt/

a situation from which extrication is difficult especially an unpleasant or trying one

From this reading They were appalled by the predicament in which they found themselves.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading The thing seemed quite mysterious.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

rocknounUS /rɑːk/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

rushverbUS /rʌʃ/

move hurridly

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

rustlingnounUS /ˈrʌslɪŋ/

the stealing of cattle

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "Oh," she said, distressed, "we're ketched!"

sawyersnounUS /ˈsɔːjərz/

plural of “sawyer” — one who is employed to saw wood

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The thing seemed quite mysterious.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "Oh," she said, distressed, "we're ketched!"

sparklingadjectiveUS /ˈspɑːrklɪŋ/

shining with brilliant points of light like stars

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

stampverbUS /stæmp/

walk heavily

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

sun-driedadjective

dried naturally by the sun

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading They were appalled by the predicament in which they found themselves.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading They were appalled by the predicament in which they found themselves.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were appalled by the predicament in which they found themselves.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading The thing seemed quite mysterious.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

tindernounUS /ˈtɪndər/

material for starting a fire

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

we're

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Oh," she said, distressed, "we're ketched!"

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were appalled by the predicament in which they found themselves.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading They were appalled by the predicament in which they found themselves.

wiseadjectiveUS /waɪz/

having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading As they gazed, before Layson could rush forward to stamp out these sparkling perils, the fire had spread, as the girl, wise in the direful ways of brush-fires, had known at once that it would spread, to the encircling pine-tops, left in a tinder barricade about the clearing by the sawyers and the axemen.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The rock against which the fire had been built was all aglow, as if it had been heated in a furnace till red hot--strange circumstance; one that would have fascinated Layson into elaborate investigation had he had the time to think about it--and, beyond it, evidently communicated through it as a link, the rustling leaves of the past autumn, their surface layers sun-dried, were bursting into glittering little points of flame all about the narrow ledge of rock on which they were standing.

Chapter 3 of In Old Kentucky by Edward Marshall holds 181 sentences, grouped into 37 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of In Old Kentucky contain?

Chapter 3 holds 181 sentences of In Old Kentucky, unabridged, divided into 37 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of In Old Kentucky by Edward Marshall exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 181 sentences, grouped into 37 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of In Old Kentucky?

Work through the 37 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 37 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading In Old Kentucky

Common questions about reading In Old Kentucky by Edward Marshall on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of In Old Kentucky?

Yes. All 4853 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13933 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of In Old Kentucky is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13933, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does In Old Kentucky take to read?

About 404 minutes of reading across 971 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read In Old Kentucky section by section

How to work through In Old Kentucky section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in In Old Kentucky

Words and structures a reader meets early in In Old Kentucky, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Coming
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In Old Kentucky; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Singing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In Old Kentucky; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mountain--
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In Old Kentucky; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mounted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In Old Kentucky; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.