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In Old Kentucky
In Old Kentucky

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of In Old Kentucky is here in full — 162 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
That same "foreigner," for a "foreigner," was acting strangely.
Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.
But, despite all this, it was quite plain that he was traveling through a country of which he found many details familiar.
Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.
Always, in a case like this, he investigated carefully before he definitely started on the new one.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

In Old Kentucky

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of In Old Kentucky is here in full — 162 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
That same "foreigner," for a "foreigner," was acting strangely.
/ðæt seɪm ˈfɔːrənər fɔːr ə ˈfɔːrənər wɑːz ˈæktɪŋ ˈstreɪndʒli/
Line 2
Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.
/ˈʃʊrli hiː wɑːz drest ɪn ə ɡɑːrb ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː ˈɔːlmoʊst ənˈnoʊn ɪn ðə rʌf ˈmaʊntənz ˈsɜːrtənli nʌn ʌv ðə ˈmaʊntɪnɪrz huːm hiː hæd met ənd hiː hæd met wɪð pleɪn ənˈwɪlɪŋnɪs ə fjuː æz hiː hæd klaɪmd ʌp tuː ðə ˈrɑːki ˈklɪrɪŋ wer hɪz ˈfaɪər hæd ˈblɑːsəmd soʊ rɪˈmɑːrkəbli hæd ˈrekəɡnaɪzd hɪm/
Line 3
But, despite all this, it was quite plain that he was traveling through a country of which he found many details familiar.
/bʌt dɪˈspaɪt ɔːl ðɪs ɪt wɑːz kwaɪt pleɪn ðæt hiː wɑːz ˈtrævəlɪŋ θruː ə ˈkʌntri ʌv wɪtʃ hiː faʊnd ˈmeni dɪˈteɪlz fəˈmɪljər/
Line 4
Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.
Line 5
Always, in a case like this, he investigated carefully before he definitely started on the new one.
/ˈɔːlweɪz ɪn ə keɪs laɪk ðɪs hiː ˌɪnˈvestəɡeɪtəd ˈkerfəli bɪˈfɔːr hiː ˈdefənətli ˈstɑːrtɪd ɑːn ðə nuː wʌn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

blockade noun US /ˌblɑːˈkeɪd/

a war measure that isolates some area of importance to the enemy

From this reading “Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.”

blossomed verb US /ˈblɑːsəmd/

past form of “blossom” — produce or yield flowers

From this reading “Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.”

frosts noun US /frɔːsts/

plural of “frost” — ice crystals forming a white deposit (especially on objects outside)

From this reading “Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.”

investigated verb US /ˌɪnˈvestəɡeɪtəd/

past form of “investigate” — investigate scientifically

From this reading “Always, in a case like this, he investigated carefully before he definitely started on the new one.”

landslide noun US /ˈlændslaɪd/

an overwhelming electoral victory

From this reading “Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.”

mountaineers noun US /ˈmaʊntɪnɪrz/

plural of “mountaineer” — someone who climbs mountains

From this reading “Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.”

roaming verb US /ˈroʊmɪŋ/

-ing form of “roam” — move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

From this reading “Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.”

unwillingness noun US /ənˈwɪlɪŋnɪs/

the trait of being unwilling

From this reading “Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.”

All words in this reading · 111

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading That same "foreigner," for a "foreigner," was acting strangely.

actingnounUS /ˈæktɪŋ/

the performance of a part or role in a drama

From this reading That same "foreigner," for a "foreigner," was acting strangely.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading But, despite all this, it was quite plain that he was traveling through a country of which he found many details familiar.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

AlwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Always, in a case like this, he investigated carefully before he definitely started on the new one.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Always, in a case like this, he investigated carefully before he definitely started on the new one.

blockadenounUS /ˌblɑːˈkeɪd/

a war measure that isolates some area of importance to the enemy

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

blossomedverbUS /ˈblɑːsəmd/

past form of “blossom” — produce or yield flowers

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But, despite all this, it was quite plain that he was traveling through a country of which he found many details familiar.

carefullyadverbUS /ˈkerfəli/

taking care or paying attention

From this reading Always, in a case like this, he investigated carefully before he definitely started on the new one.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading Always, in a case like this, he investigated carefully before he definitely started on the new one.

cattlenounUS /ˈkætəl/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

caughtverbUS /kɑːt/

inflected form of “catch” — discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

certainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

clearingnounUS /ˈklɪrɪŋ/

a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

climbedverbUS /klaɪmd/

past form of “climb” — go upward with gradual or continuous progress

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

comparingnounUS /kəmˈperɪŋ/

the act of examining resemblances

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading But, despite all this, it was quite plain that he was traveling through a country of which he found many details familiar.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

definitelyadverbUS /ˈdefənətli/

without question and beyond doubt

From this reading Always, in a case like this, he investigated carefully before he definitely started on the new one.

despiteprepositionUS /dɪˈspaɪt/

although something is true; in spite of

From this reading But, despite all this, it was quite plain that he was traveling through a country of which he found many details familiar.

detailsnounUS /dɪˈteɪlz/

true confidential information

From this reading But, despite all this, it was quite plain that he was traveling through a country of which he found many details familiar.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

familiaradjectiveUS /fəˈmɪljər/

well known or easily recognized

From this reading But, despite all this, it was quite plain that he was traveling through a country of which he found many details familiar.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading That same "foreigner," for a "foreigner," was acting strangely.

foreignernounUS /ˈfɔːrənər/

a person who comes from a foreign country; someone who does not owe allegiance to your country

From this reading That same "foreigner," for a "foreigner," was acting strangely.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading But, despite all this, it was quite plain that he was traveling through a country of which he found many details familiar.

frostsnounUS /frɔːsts/

plural of “frost” — ice crystals forming a white deposit (especially on objects outside)

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

garbnounUS /ɡɑːrb/

clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

hithertoadverbUS /ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

investigatedverbUS /ˌɪnˈvestəɡeɪtəd/

past form of “investigate” — investigate scientifically

From this reading Always, in a case like this, he investigated carefully before he definitely started on the new one.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But, despite all this, it was quite plain that he was traveling through a country of which he found many details familiar.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

landslidenounUS /ˈlændslaɪd/

an overwhelming electoral victory

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Always, in a case like this, he investigated carefully before he definitely started on the new one.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading But, despite all this, it was quite plain that he was traveling through a country of which he found many details familiar.

memorynounUS /ˈmem.ər.i/

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

minutesnounUS /ˈmɪnəts/

a written account of what transpired at a meeting

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

mountaineersnounUS /ˈmaʊntɪnɪrz/

plural of “mountaineer” — someone who climbs mountains

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Always, in a case like this, he investigated carefully before he definitely started on the new one.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Always, in a case like this, he investigated carefully before he definitely started on the new one.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Always, in a case like this, he investigated carefully before he definitely started on the new one.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

pathnounUS /pæθ/

a course of conduct

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

pausedverbUS /pɔːzd/

past form of “pause” — interrupt temporarily an activity before continuing

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

picturesnounUS /ˈpɪktʃərz/

plural of “picture” — a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading But, despite all this, it was quite plain that he was traveling through a country of which he found many details familiar.

realitynounUS /ˌriːˈælətiː/

all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

recognizedadjectiveUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪzd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

remarkablyadverbUS /rɪˈmɑːrkəbli/

to a remarkable degree or extent

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

roamingverbUS /ˈroʊmɪŋ/

-ing form of “roam” — move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

rockyadjectiveUS /ˈrɑːki/

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

roughadjectiveUS /rʌf/

having or caused by an irregular surface

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading That same "foreigner," for a "foreigner," was acting strangely.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Always, in a case like this, he investigated carefully before he definitely started on the new one.

storedverbUS /stɔːrd/

past form of “store” — keep or lay aside for future use

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

storm-felled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

strangelyadverbUS /ˈstreɪndʒli/

in a strange manner

From this reading That same "foreigner," for a "foreigner," was acting strangely.

SurelyadverbUS /ˈʃʊrli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That same "foreigner," for a "foreigner," was acting strangely.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But, despite all this, it was quite plain that he was traveling through a country of which he found many details familiar.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading But, despite all this, it was quite plain that he was traveling through a country of which he found many details familiar.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

trampingverbUS /ˈtræmpɪŋ/

-ing form of “tramp” — travel on foot, especially on a walking expedition

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

travelingnounUS /ˈtrævəlɪŋ/

the act of going from one place to another

From this reading But, despite all this, it was quite plain that he was traveling through a country of which he found many details familiar.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

unknownadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊn/

not known

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

unwillingnessnounUS /ənˈwɪlɪŋnɪs/

the trait of being unwilling

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

vistanounUS /ˈvɪstə/

the visual percept of a region

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading That same "foreigner," for a "foreigner," was acting strangely.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading But, despite all this, it was quite plain that he was traveling through a country of which he found many details familiar.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

whimnounUS /wɪm/

a sudden desire

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Surely he was dressed in a garb hitherto almost unknown in the rough mountains, certainly none of the mountaineers whom he had met (and he had met, with plain unwillingness, a few, as he had climbed up to the rocky clearing where his fire had blossomed so remarkably) had recognized him.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading Now and then a little vista caught his view and held him for long minutes while he seemed to be comparing its reality with pictures of it stored within his memory; again he paused when he discovered that some whim of tramping mountaineers or roaming cattle, some landslide born of winter frosts; some blockade of trees storm-felled, had changed the course of an old path.

Chapter 4 of In Old Kentucky by Edward Marshall holds 162 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of In Old Kentucky contain?

Chapter 4 holds 162 sentences of In Old Kentucky, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of In Old Kentucky by Edward Marshall exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 162 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of In Old Kentucky?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading In Old Kentucky

Common questions about reading In Old Kentucky by Edward Marshall on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of In Old Kentucky?

Yes. All 4853 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13933 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of In Old Kentucky is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13933, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does In Old Kentucky take to read?

About 404 minutes of reading across 971 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read In Old Kentucky section by section

How to work through In Old Kentucky section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 19 chapters of In Old Kentucky to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in In Old Kentucky

Words and structures a reader meets early in In Old Kentucky, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Coming
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In Old Kentucky; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Singing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In Old Kentucky; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mountain--
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In Old Kentucky; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mounted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In Old Kentucky; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.