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In the Arctic Seas
In the Arctic Seas

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of In the Arctic Seas is here in full — 149 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.
{OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!
Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.
During the month the thermometer ranged between +36° and -2°.
Two more bears and a raven have been seen.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

In the Arctic Seas

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of In the Arctic Seas is here in full — 149 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.
Line 2
{OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!
Line 3
Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.
Line 4
During the month the thermometer ranged between +36° and -2°.
Line 5
Two more bears and a raven have been seen.
/tuː mɔːr berz ənd ə ˈreɪvən hæv bɪn siːn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cemented verb US /səˈmentɪd/

past form of “cement” — make fast as if with cement

From this reading “Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.”

crystals noun US /ˈkrɪstəlz/

plural of “crystal” — a solid formed by the solidification of a chemical and having a highly regular atomic structure

From this reading “Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.”

Harvey's noun US /ˈhɑːrviz/

possessive form of “harvey” — English physician and scientist who described the circulation of the blood; he later proposed that all animals originate from an ovum produced by the female of the species (1578-1657)

From this reading “Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.”

invade verb US /ˌɪnˈveɪd/

march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation

From this reading “Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.”

palates noun US /ˈpæləts/

plural of “palate” — the upper surface of the mouth that separates the oral and nasal cavities

From this reading “Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.”

separating verb US /ˈsepəreɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “separate” — act as a barrier between; stand between

From this reading “Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.”

sortie noun US /ˈsɔːrti/

a military action in which besieged troops burst forth from their position

From this reading “Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.”

thermometer noun US /θərˈmɑːmətər/

measuring instrument for measuring temperature

From this reading “During the month the thermometer ranged between +36° and -2°.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

compact body noun + noun

In this reading “Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.”

passed away verb + particle counted as “pass away”

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

In this reading “{OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!”

During the month preposition + article + noun counted as “during … month”

In this reading “During the month the thermometer ranged between +36° and -2°.”

All words in this reading · 112

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

17th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

1857

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the month the thermometer ranged between +36° and -2°.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

36

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the month the thermometer ranged between +36° and -2°.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

accompaniedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpənid/

having companions or an escort

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

anxiousadjectiveUS /ˈæŋkʃəs/

eagerly desirous

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

ArcticnounUS /ˈɑːrktɪk/

the regions to the north of the Arctic Circle centered on the North Pole

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

Bear-hunting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

bearsnounUS /berz/

plural of “bear” — massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws

From this reading Two more bears and a raven have been seen.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Two more bears and a raven have been seen.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading During the month the thermometer ranged between +36° and -2°.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

cementedverbUS /səˈmentɪd/

past form of “cement” — make fast as if with cement

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

compactnounUS /ˈkɑːmpækt/

a small cosmetics case with a mirror; to be carried in a woman's purse

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

crystalsnounUS /ˈkrɪstəlz/

plural of “crystal” — a solid formed by the solidification of a chemical and having a highly regular atomic structure

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

dnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

DognounUS /dɔːɡ/

a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

dogsnounUS /dɑːɡz/

plural of “dog” — a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

driftingnounUS /ˈdrɪftɪŋ/

aimless wandering from place to place

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During the month the thermometer ranged between +36° and -2°.

EnounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

eatverbUS /iːt/

take in solid food

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

exposedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspoʊzd/

with no protection or shield

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

fallverbUS /fɔːl/

descend in free fall under the influence of gravity

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

fearsnounUS /fɪrz/

plural of “fear” — an emotion experienced in anticipation of some specific pain or danger (usually accompanied by a desire to flee or fight)

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

FIXEDadjectiveUS /fɪkst/

(of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

floe-pieces

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

forcingverbUS /ˈfɔːrsɪŋ/

-ing form of “force” — to cause to do through pressure or necessity, by physical, moral or intellectual means

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

Harvey'snounUS /ˈhɑːrviz/

possessive form of “harvey” — English physician and scientist who described the circulation of the blood; he later proposed that all animals originate from an ovum produced by the female of the species (1578-1657)

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

hopesnounUS /hoʊps/

plural of “hope” — a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

ICEnounUS /aɪs/

water frozen in the solid state

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

Ice-artillery

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

invadeverbUS /ˌɪnˈveɪd/

march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

lanesnounUS /leɪnz/

plural of “lane” — a narrow way or road

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

legacynounUS /ˈleɡəsi/

(law) a gift of personal property by will

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Two more bears and a raven have been seen.

NnounUS /en/

a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

newlyadverbUS /ˈnuːli/

very recently

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

north-westward

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

OCTnounUS /ɔːkt/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

packverbUS /pæk/

arrange in a container

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

palatesnounUS /ˈpæləts/

plural of “palate” — the upper surface of the mouth that separates the oral and nasal cavities

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

prevailedverbUS /prɪˈveɪld/

past form of “prevail” — be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

quicklyadverbUS /ˈkwɪkli/

with speed

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

rangedverbUS /reɪndʒd/

past form of “range” — change or be different within limits

From this reading During the month the thermometer ranged between +36° and -2°.

rapidlyadverbUS /ˈræpədli/

with speed

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

ravenverbUS /ˈreɪvən/

obtain or seize by violence

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

riseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Two more bears and a raven have been seen.

separatingverbUS /ˈsepəreɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “separate” — act as a barrier between; stand between

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

SeptembernounUS /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

SnownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

sortienounUS /ˈsɔːrti/

a military action in which besieged troops burst forth from their position

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

southwardadverbUS /ˈsaʊθwərd/

toward the south

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

subsequentlyadverbUS /ˈsʌbsəkwəntli/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

SuddenadjectiveUS /ˈsʌdən/

happening without warning or in a short space of time

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

temperaturenounUS /ˈtemprətʃər/

the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity)

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

thermometernounUS /θərˈmɑːmətər/

measuring instrument for measuring temperature

From this reading During the month the thermometer ranged between +36° and -2°.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

TwonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Two more bears and a raven have been seen.

UpadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

urgingnounUS /ˈɜːrdʒɪŋ/

a verbalization that encourages you to attempt something

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

WnounUS /ˈdʌbəljuː/

a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading {OCT., 1857.} {FIXED IN THE ICE.} _3d Oct._--September has passed away and left us as a legacy to the pack; what a month have we had of anxious hopes and fears!

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Snow crystals--Dog will not eat raven--An Arctic school--The dogs invade us--Bear-hunting by night--Ice-artillery--Arctic palates--Sudden rise of temperature--Harvey's idea of a sortie.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

windsnounUS /wɪndz/

plural of “wind” — air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Up to the 17th S.E. winds prevailed, forcing the ice into a compact body, and urging it north-westward; subsequently N.W. winds set in, drifting it southward, and separating the floe-pieces; but the change of wind being accompanied by a considerable fall of temperature, they were either quickly cemented together again, or young ice formed over the newly opened lanes of water, almost as rapidly as the surface of the sea became exposed.

Chapter 5 of In the Arctic Seas by Francis Leopold, Sir M'Clintock holds 149 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of In the Arctic Seas contain?

Chapter 5 holds 149 sentences of In the Arctic Seas, unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of In the Arctic Seas by Francis Leopold, Sir M'Clintock exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 149 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of In the Arctic Seas?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Is this the complete text of In the Arctic Seas?

Yes. All 3547 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37669 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of In the Arctic Seas is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37669, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does In the Arctic Seas take to read?

About 295 minutes of reading across 710 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in In the Arctic Seas

Words and structures a reader meets early in In the Arctic Seas, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Unique
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In the Arctic Seas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Headings
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In the Arctic Seas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Retained
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In the Arctic Seas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Placed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In the Arctic Seas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.