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In the Arctic Seas
In the Arctic Seas

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of In the Arctic Seas is here in full — 114 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.
{ANCHORED AT HOLSTEINBORG.} _Wednesday night, April 28th._--Safely anchored at Holsteinborg, and moored to the rocks; a charming change, after our position only a few days back.
We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.
The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!
Eider-ducks, looms, and dovekies are abundant, as well as hares and ptarmigan.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

In the Arctic Seas

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of In the Arctic Seas is here in full — 114 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.
Line 2
{ANCHORED AT HOLSTEINBORG.} _Wednesday night, April 28th._--Safely anchored at Holsteinborg, and moored to the rocks; a charming change, after our position only a few days back.
Line 3
We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.
Line 4
The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!
Line 5
Eider-ducks, looms, and dovekies are abundant, as well as hares and ptarmigan.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Copenhagen noun US /ˈkoʊpənheɪɡən/

the capital and largest city of Denmark; located on the island of Zealand

From this reading “We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.”

Disco noun US /ˈdɪskoʊ/

popular dance music (especially in the late 1970s); melodic with a regular bass beat; intended mainly for dancing at discotheques

From this reading “A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.”

establishments noun US /eˈstæblɪʃmənts/

plural of “establishment” — the act of forming or establishing something

From this reading “A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.”

Greenland noun US /ˈɡriːnlənd/

the largest island in the world; lies between the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean; a self-governing province of Denmark

From this reading “A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.”

looms noun US /luːmz/

plural of “loom” — a textile machine for weaving yarn into a textile

From this reading “Eider-ducks, looms, and dovekies are abundant, as well as hares and ptarmigan.”

residents noun US /ˈrezɪdənts/

plural of “resident” — someone who lives at a particular place for a prolonged period or who was born there

From this reading “We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.”

shaving noun US /ˈʃeɪvɪŋ/

the act of removing hair with a razor

From this reading “A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.”

whalers noun US /ˈweɪlərz/

plural of “whaler” — a seaman who works on a ship that hunts whales

From this reading “A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

few days adjective + noun

In this reading “{ANCHORED AT HOLSTEINBORG.} _Wednesday night, April 28th._--Safely anchored at Holsteinborg, and moored to the rocks; a charming change, after our position only a few days back.”

lies buried verb + adjective counted as “lie buried”

In this reading “The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!”

throughout the winter preposition + article + noun counted as “throughout … winter”

In this reading “The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!”

too early adverb + adjective

In this reading “The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!”

about the middle preposition + article + noun counted as “about … middle”

In this reading “We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.”

reverse of verb + particle

In this reading “The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!”

All words in this reading · 117

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

28th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading {ANCHORED AT HOLSTEINBORG.} _Wednesday night, April 28th._--Safely anchored at Holsteinborg, and moored to the rocks; a charming change, after our position only a few days back.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

abundantadjectiveUS /əˈbʌndənt/

present in great quantity

From this reading Eider-ducks, looms, and dovekies are abundant, as well as hares and ptarmigan.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading {ANCHORED AT HOLSTEINBORG.} _Wednesday night, April 28th._--Safely anchored at Holsteinborg, and moored to the rocks; a charming change, after our position only a few days back.

ANCHOREDverbUS /ˈæŋkərd/

past form of “anchor” — fix firmly and stably

From this reading {ANCHORED AT HOLSTEINBORG.} _Wednesday night, April 28th._--Safely anchored at Holsteinborg, and moored to the rocks; a charming change, after our position only a few days back.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading {ANCHORED AT HOLSTEINBORG.} _Wednesday night, April 28th._--Safely anchored at Holsteinborg, and moored to the rocks; a charming change, after our position only a few days back.

AprilnounUS /ˈeɪprəl/

the month following March and preceding May

From this reading {ANCHORED AT HOLSTEINBORG.} _Wednesday night, April 28th._--Safely anchored at Holsteinborg, and moored to the rocks; a charming change, after our position only a few days back.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Eider-ducks, looms, and dovekies are abundant, as well as hares and ptarmigan.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading {ANCHORED AT HOLSTEINBORG.} _Wednesday night, April 28th._--Safely anchored at Holsteinborg, and moored to the rocks; a charming change, after our position only a few days back.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading {ANCHORED AT HOLSTEINBORG.} _Wednesday night, April 28th._--Safely anchored at Holsteinborg, and moored to the rocks; a charming change, after our position only a few days back.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.

buriedadjectiveUS /ˈberid/

placed in a grave

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading {ANCHORED AT HOLSTEINBORG.} _Wednesday night, April 28th._--Safely anchored at Holsteinborg, and moored to the rocks; a charming change, after our position only a few days back.

charmingadjectiveUS /ˈtʃɑːrmɪŋ/

pleasing or delighting

From this reading {ANCHORED AT HOLSTEINBORG.} _Wednesday night, April 28th._--Safely anchored at Holsteinborg, and moored to the rocks; a charming change, after our position only a few days back.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

CloseadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.

cod-fishery

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.

CopenhagennounUS /ˈkoʊpənheɪɡən/

the capital and largest city of Denmark; located on the island of Zealand

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

DanishnounUS /ˈdeɪnɪʃ/

a Scandinavian language that is the official language of Denmark

From this reading A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading {ANCHORED AT HOLSTEINBORG.} _Wednesday night, April 28th._--Safely anchored at Holsteinborg, and moored to the rocks; a charming change, after our position only a few days back.

DisconounUS /ˈdɪskoʊ/

popular dance music (especially in the late 1970s); melodic with a regular bass beat; intended mainly for dancing at discotheques

From this reading A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.

dovekies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Eider-ducks, looms, and dovekies are abundant, as well as hares and ptarmigan.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

Eider-ducks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Eider-ducks, looms, and dovekies are abundant, as well as hares and ptarmigan.

establishmentsnounUS /eˈstæblɪʃmənts/

plural of “establishment” — the act of forming or establishing something

From this reading A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.

EuropeannounUS /ˌjʊrəˈpiːən/

a native or inhabitant of Europe

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

expectedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspektəd/

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading {ANCHORED AT HOLSTEINBORG.} _Wednesday night, April 28th._--Safely anchored at Holsteinborg, and moored to the rocks; a charming change, after our position only a few days back.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.

governornounUS /ˈɡʌvərnər/

the head of a state government

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

GreenlandnounUS /ˈɡriːnlənd/

the largest island in the world; lies between the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean; a self-governing province of Denmark

From this reading A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.

Greenlanders

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.

haresnounUS /herz/

plural of “hare” — swift timid long-eared mammal larger than a rabbit having a divided upper lip and long hind legs; young born furred and with open eyes

From this reading Eider-ducks, looms, and dovekies are abundant, as well as hares and ptarmigan.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

holidaynounUS /ˈhɑːlədeɪ/

leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure

From this reading A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.

HOLSTEINBORG

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading {ANCHORED AT HOLSTEINBORG.} _Wednesday night, April 28th._--Safely anchored at Holsteinborg, and moored to the rocks; a charming change, after our position only a few days back.

hospitalitynounUS /ˌhɑːspəˈtæləti/

kindness in welcoming guests or strangers

From this reading A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.

hourlyadjectiveUS /ˈaʊrli/

occurring every hour or payable by the hour

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.

InformationnounUS /ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/

a message received and understood

From this reading A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.

intelligencenounUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒəns/

the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

killedverbUS /kɪld/

past form of “kill” — cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

KindnessnounUS /ˈkaɪndnəs/

the quality of being warmhearted and considerate and humane and sympathetic

From this reading A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.

ladynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

latestadjectiveUS /ˈleɪtəst/

up to the immediate present; most recent or most up-to-date

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

loomsnounUS /luːmz/

plural of “loom” — a textile machine for weaving yarn into a textile

From this reading Eider-ducks, looms, and dovekies are abundant, as well as hares and ptarmigan.

lovesnounUS /lʌvz/

plural of “love” — a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.

MarchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

MeetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

mooredverbUS /mʊrd/

past form of “moor” — secure in or as if in a berth or dock

From this reading {ANCHORED AT HOLSTEINBORG.} _Wednesday night, April 28th._--Safely anchored at Holsteinborg, and moored to the rocks; a charming change, after our position only a few days back.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading {ANCHORED AT HOLSTEINBORG.} _Wednesday night, April 28th._--Safely anchored at Holsteinborg, and moored to the rocks; a charming change, after our position only a few days back.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading {ANCHORED AT HOLSTEINBORG.} _Wednesday night, April 28th._--Safely anchored at Holsteinborg, and moored to the rocks; a charming change, after our position only a few days back.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading {ANCHORED AT HOLSTEINBORG.} _Wednesday night, April 28th._--Safely anchored at Holsteinborg, and moored to the rocks; a charming change, after our position only a few days back.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading {ANCHORED AT HOLSTEINBORG.} _Wednesday night, April 28th._--Safely anchored at Holsteinborg, and moored to the rocks; a charming change, after our position only a few days back.

priestnounUS /priːst/

a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

ptarmigannoun

large Arctic and subarctic grouse with feathered feet and usually white winter plumage

From this reading Eider-ducks, looms, and dovekies are abundant, as well as hares and ptarmigan.

recentadjectiveUS /ˈriːsənt/

new

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

reindeernounUS /ˈreɪndɪr/

Arctic deer with large antlers in both sexes; called “reindeer” in Eurasia and “caribou” in North America

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

residentsnounUS /ˈrezɪdənts/

plural of “resident” — someone who lives at a particular place for a prolonged period or who was born there

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

reverseverbUS /rɪˈvɜːrs/

change to the contrary

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

rocksnounUS /rɑːks/

plural of “rock” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading {ANCHORED AT HOLSTEINBORG.} _Wednesday night, April 28th._--Safely anchored at Holsteinborg, and moored to the rocks; a charming change, after our position only a few days back.

SafelyadverbUS /ˈseɪfli/

with safety; in a safe manner

From this reading {ANCHORED AT HOLSTEINBORG.} _Wednesday night, April 28th._--Safely anchored at Holsteinborg, and moored to the rocks; a charming change, after our position only a few days back.

SailverbUS /seɪl/

traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.

severeadjectiveUS /səˈvɪr/

intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

shavingnounUS /ˈʃeɪvɪŋ/

the act of removing hair with a razor

From this reading A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

temperaturenounUS /ˈtemprətʃər/

the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity)

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

thawnounUS /θɔː/

the process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading {ANCHORED AT HOLSTEINBORG.} _Wednesday night, April 28th._--Safely anchored at Holsteinborg, and moored to the rocks; a charming change, after our position only a few days back.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

tradernounUS /ˈtreɪdər/

someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

visitedverbUS /ˈvɪzɪtɪd/

past form of “visit” — go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We have been visited by the Danish residents--the chief trader or governor, the priest, and two others: their latest European intelligence is not more recent than our own, but the Danish ship is hourly expected; she usually leaves Copenhagen about the middle of March.

WednesdaynounUS /ˈwenzdi/

the fourth day of the week; the third working day

From this reading {ANCHORED AT HOLSTEINBORG.} _Wednesday night, April 28th._--Safely anchored at Holsteinborg, and moored to the rocks; a charming change, after our position only a few days back.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Eider-ducks, looms, and dovekies are abundant, as well as hares and ptarmigan.

whalersnounUS /ˈweɪlərz/

plural of “whaler” — a seaman who works on a ship that hunts whales

From this reading A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

winternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A holiday in Greenland--A lady blue with cold--The loves of Greenlanders--Close shaving--Meet the whalers--Information of whalers--Disco--Danish hospitality--Sail from Disco--Kindness of the whalers--Danish establishments in Greenland.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading The winter here has been just the reverse of our own experience; it has been severe in point of temperature, but with very little wind; the land lies buried in snow, and as yet there is no thaw; it is too early for the cod-fishery, and not a single reindeer has been killed throughout the winter!

Chapter 8 of In the Arctic Seas by Francis Leopold, Sir M'Clintock holds 114 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of In the Arctic Seas contain?

Chapter 8 holds 114 sentences of In the Arctic Seas, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of In the Arctic Seas by Francis Leopold, Sir M'Clintock exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 114 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of In the Arctic Seas?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading In the Arctic Seas

Common questions about reading In the Arctic Seas by Francis Leopold, Sir M'Clintock on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of In the Arctic Seas?

Yes. All 3547 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37669 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of In the Arctic Seas is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37669, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does In the Arctic Seas take to read?

About 295 minutes of reading across 710 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read In the Arctic Seas section by section

How to work through In the Arctic Seas section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in In the Arctic Seas

Words and structures a reader meets early in In the Arctic Seas, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Unique
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In the Arctic Seas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Headings
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In the Arctic Seas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Retained
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In the Arctic Seas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Placed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In the Arctic Seas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.