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In the Early Days Along the Overland Trail in Nebraska Territory, in 1852
In the Early Days Along the Overland Trail in Nebraska Territory, in 1852

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of In the Early Days Along the Overland Trail in Nebraska Territory, in 1852 is here in full — 70 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for In the Early Days Along the Overland Trail in Nebraska Territory, in 1852
Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
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"'TIS ONLY A SNOWBANK'S TEARS, I WEEN."
We are now approaching the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains.
The fertile plains through which we have been passing are being merged into rocky hills, the level parts being mostly gravelly barrens.
The roads are hard and flinty, like pounded glass, which were making some of the cattle-teams and droves very lame and foot-sore.
When one got so it could not walk, it was killed and skinned.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

In the Early Days Along the Overland Trail in Nebraska Territory, in 1852

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of In the Early Days Along the Overland Trail in Nebraska Territory, in 1852 is here in full — 70 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"'TIS ONLY A SNOWBANK'S TEARS, I WEEN."
Line 2
We are now approaching the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains.
Line 3
The fertile plains through which we have been passing are being merged into rocky hills, the level parts being mostly gravelly barrens.
/ðə ˈfɜːrtəl pleɪnz θruː wɪtʃ wiː hæv bɪn ˈpæsɪŋ ɑːr ˈbiːɪŋ mɜːrdʒd ˈɪntuː ˈrɑːki hɪlz ðə ˈlevəl pɑːrts ˈbiːɪŋ ˈmoʊstli ˈɡrævəli ˈbærənz/
Line 4
The roads are hard and flinty, like pounded glass, which were making some of the cattle-teams and droves very lame and foot-sore.
Line 5
When one got so it could not walk, it was killed and skinned.
/wen wʌn ɡɑːt soʊ ɪt kʊd nɑːt wɔːk ɪt wɑːz kɪld ənd skɪnd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

barrens noun US /ˈbærənz/

plural of “barren” — an uninhabited wilderness that is worthless for cultivation

From this reading “The fertile plains through which we have been passing are being merged into rocky hills, the level parts being mostly gravelly barrens.”

droves noun US /droʊvz/

plural of “drove” — a group of animals (a herd or flock) moving together

From this reading “The roads are hard and flinty, like pounded glass, which were making some of the cattle-teams and droves very lame and foot-sore.”

fertile adjective US /ˈfɜːrtəl/

capable of reproducing

From this reading “The fertile plains through which we have been passing are being merged into rocky hills, the level parts being mostly gravelly barrens.”

flinty adjective US /ˈflɪnti/

containing flint

From this reading “The roads are hard and flinty, like pounded glass, which were making some of the cattle-teams and droves very lame and foot-sore.”

gravelly adjective US /ˈɡrævəli/

abounding in small stones

From this reading “The fertile plains through which we have been passing are being merged into rocky hills, the level parts being mostly gravelly barrens.”

merged adjective US /mɜːrdʒd/

formed or united into a whole

From this reading “The fertile plains through which we have been passing are being merged into rocky hills, the level parts being mostly gravelly barrens.”

pounded verb US /ˈpaʊndɪd/

past form of “pound” — hit hard with the hand, fist, or some heavy instrument

From this reading “The roads are hard and flinty, like pounded glass, which were making some of the cattle-teams and droves very lame and foot-sore.”

skinned adjective US /skɪnd/

having skin of a specified kind

From this reading “When one got so it could not walk, it was killed and skinned.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

rocky hills adjective + noun counted as “rocky hill”

In this reading “The fertile plains through which we have been passing are being merged into rocky hills, the level parts being mostly gravelly barrens.”

very lame adjective + noun

In this reading “The roads are hard and flinty, like pounded glass, which were making some of the cattle-teams and droves very lame and foot-sore.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "'TIS ONLY A SNOWBANK'S TEARS, I WEEN."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The roads are hard and flinty, like pounded glass, which were making some of the cattle-teams and droves very lame and foot-sore.

approachingnounUS /əˈproʊtʃɪŋ/

the event of one object coming closer to another

From this reading We are now approaching the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We are now approaching the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains.

barrensnounUS /ˈbærənz/

plural of “barren” — an uninhabited wilderness that is worthless for cultivation

From this reading The fertile plains through which we have been passing are being merged into rocky hills, the level parts being mostly gravelly barrens.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The fertile plains through which we have been passing are being merged into rocky hills, the level parts being mostly gravelly barrens.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The fertile plains through which we have been passing are being merged into rocky hills, the level parts being mostly gravelly barrens.

cattle-teams

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roads are hard and flinty, like pounded glass, which were making some of the cattle-teams and droves very lame and foot-sore.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading When one got so it could not walk, it was killed and skinned.

drovesnounUS /droʊvz/

plural of “drove” — a group of animals (a herd or flock) moving together

From this reading The roads are hard and flinty, like pounded glass, which were making some of the cattle-teams and droves very lame and foot-sore.

fertileadjectiveUS /ˈfɜːrtəl/

capable of reproducing

From this reading The fertile plains through which we have been passing are being merged into rocky hills, the level parts being mostly gravelly barrens.

flintyadjectiveUS /ˈflɪnti/

containing flint

From this reading The roads are hard and flinty, like pounded glass, which were making some of the cattle-teams and droves very lame and foot-sore.

foot-hills

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We are now approaching the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains.

foot-sore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The roads are hard and flinty, like pounded glass, which were making some of the cattle-teams and droves very lame and foot-sore.

glassnounUS /ɡlæs/

a brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure

From this reading The roads are hard and flinty, like pounded glass, which were making some of the cattle-teams and droves very lame and foot-sore.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading When one got so it could not walk, it was killed and skinned.

gravellyadjectiveUS /ˈɡrævəli/

abounding in small stones

From this reading The fertile plains through which we have been passing are being merged into rocky hills, the level parts being mostly gravelly barrens.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading The roads are hard and flinty, like pounded glass, which were making some of the cattle-teams and droves very lame and foot-sore.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The fertile plains through which we have been passing are being merged into rocky hills, the level parts being mostly gravelly barrens.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The fertile plains through which we have been passing are being merged into rocky hills, the level parts being mostly gravelly barrens.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "'TIS ONLY A SNOWBANK'S TEARS, I WEEN."

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The fertile plains through which we have been passing are being merged into rocky hills, the level parts being mostly gravelly barrens.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading When one got so it could not walk, it was killed and skinned.

killedverbUS /kɪld/

past form of “kill” — cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading When one got so it could not walk, it was killed and skinned.

lamenounUS /leɪm/

someone who doesn't understand what is going on

From this reading The roads are hard and flinty, like pounded glass, which were making some of the cattle-teams and droves very lame and foot-sore.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading The fertile plains through which we have been passing are being merged into rocky hills, the level parts being mostly gravelly barrens.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The roads are hard and flinty, like pounded glass, which were making some of the cattle-teams and droves very lame and foot-sore.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading The roads are hard and flinty, like pounded glass, which were making some of the cattle-teams and droves very lame and foot-sore.

mergedadjectiveUS /mɜːrdʒd/

formed or united into a whole

From this reading The fertile plains through which we have been passing are being merged into rocky hills, the level parts being mostly gravelly barrens.

mostlyadverbUS /ˈmoʊstli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading The fertile plains through which we have been passing are being merged into rocky hills, the level parts being mostly gravelly barrens.

MountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading We are now approaching the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading When one got so it could not walk, it was killed and skinned.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading We are now approaching the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading We are now approaching the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading When one got so it could not walk, it was killed and skinned.

ONLYadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading "'TIS ONLY A SNOWBANK'S TEARS, I WEEN."

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading The fertile plains through which we have been passing are being merged into rocky hills, the level parts being mostly gravelly barrens.

passingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading The fertile plains through which we have been passing are being merged into rocky hills, the level parts being mostly gravelly barrens.

plainsnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading The fertile plains through which we have been passing are being merged into rocky hills, the level parts being mostly gravelly barrens.

poundedverbUS /ˈpaʊndɪd/

past form of “pound” — hit hard with the hand, fist, or some heavy instrument

From this reading The roads are hard and flinty, like pounded glass, which were making some of the cattle-teams and droves very lame and foot-sore.

roadsnounUS /roʊdz/

a partly sheltered anchorage

From this reading The roads are hard and flinty, like pounded glass, which were making some of the cattle-teams and droves very lame and foot-sore.

RockyadjectiveUS /ˈrɑːki/

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading We are now approaching the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains.

skinnedadjectiveUS /skɪnd/

having skin of a specified kind

From this reading When one got so it could not walk, it was killed and skinned.

SNOWBANK'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "'TIS ONLY A SNOWBANK'S TEARS, I WEEN."

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading When one got so it could not walk, it was killed and skinned.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The roads are hard and flinty, like pounded glass, which were making some of the cattle-teams and droves very lame and foot-sore.

TEARSnounUS /terz/

the process of shedding tears (usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds)

From this reading "'TIS ONLY A SNOWBANK'S TEARS, I WEEN."

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading We are now approaching the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The fertile plains through which we have been passing are being merged into rocky hills, the level parts being mostly gravelly barrens.

TISnounUS /tɪz/

plural of “ti” — a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite

From this reading "'TIS ONLY A SNOWBANK'S TEARS, I WEEN."

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The roads are hard and flinty, like pounded glass, which were making some of the cattle-teams and droves very lame and foot-sore.

walknounUS /wɔːk/

the act of traveling by foot

From this reading When one got so it could not walk, it was killed and skinned.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When one got so it could not walk, it was killed and skinned.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We are now approaching the foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains.

WEEN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "'TIS ONLY A SNOWBANK'S TEARS, I WEEN."

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The roads are hard and flinty, like pounded glass, which were making some of the cattle-teams and droves very lame and foot-sore.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When one got so it could not walk, it was killed and skinned.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The fertile plains through which we have been passing are being merged into rocky hills, the level parts being mostly gravelly barrens.

Chapter 7 of In the Early Days Along the Overland Trail in Nebraska Territory, in 1852 by Gilbert L. Cole holds 70 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of In the Early Days Along the Overland Trail in Nebraska Territory, in contain?

Chapter 7 holds 70 sentences of In the Early Days Along the Overland Trail in Nebraska Territory, in 1852, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of In the Early Days Along the Overland Trail in Nebraska Territory, in 1852 by Gilbert L. Cole exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 70 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of In the Early Days Along the Overland Trail in Nebraska Territory, in?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading In the Early Days Along the Overland Trail in Nebraska Territory, in 1852

Common questions about reading In the Early Days Along the Overland Trail in Nebraska Territory, in 1852 by Gilbert L. Cole on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of In the Early Days Along the Overland Trail in Nebraska Territory, in 1852?

Yes. All 949 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31384 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of In the Early Days Along the Overland Trail in Nebraska Territory, in 1852 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #31384, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does In the Early Days Along the Overland Trail in Nebraska Territory, in 1852 take to read?

About 79 minutes of reading across 190 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read In the Early Days Along the Overland Trail in Nebraska Territory, in 1852 section by sec

How to work through In the Early Days Along the Overland Trail in Nebraska Territory, in 1852 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in In the Early Days Along the Overland Trail in Nebraska Territory, in 1852

Words and structures a reader meets early in In the Early Days Along the Overland Trail in Nebraska Territory, in 1852, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Early
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In the Early Days Along the Overland Trail in Nebraska Territory, in 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Along
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In the Early Days Along the Overland Trail in Nebraska Territory, in 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Overland
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In the Early Days Along the Overland Trail in Nebraska Territory, in 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Trail
A word that appears in the opening chapter of In the Early Days Along the Overland Trail in Nebraska Territory, in 1852; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.